Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
I8
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8-1 Connecting ideas with and
8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or
8-3 Connecting ideas with so
8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and
8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither
8-6 Connecting ideas with because
8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although
CONTENTS
7. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
8. and connects two words NO COMMA
and connects three or more COMMAS
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
9. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
10. and connects two sentences COMMA
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
11. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
12. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
period two complete sentences
no “and”
no comma
13. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
14. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
,
15. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
16. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
, ,
18. 8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
and, but and or “conjunctions”
connect items
commas series of three or more
, , or
19. 8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
two complete
sentences with
but or or
comma
33. (a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
34. (f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
35. I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
negative + and + negative
negative + and + negative
36. 8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
CORRECT
I love to ski, and my sister does too.
38. 8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
CORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram has.
39. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Ms. Poulos plays the violin,
and her daughter does too.
40. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.
SO + aux + subj
same meaning
41. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
NEITHER + aux + subj
same meaning
42. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I am too.
same
meaning
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together. So am I.
(f) I’m happy that we are
cooking together.
43. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t
like bread.
Neither do I.
(h) I don’t like bread.
same
meaning
44. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.
Me neither.
(j) I don’t like bread.
informal
English
47. 8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Jay doesn’t have
long hair, and
________________.neither does Amy
neither
48. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
They are happy because they
bought a new house.
49. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because cause
reason
50. complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
complete sentence
51. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
adverb clause + comma + main clause
52. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
same meaning
53. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
must be
connected to
a main clause
Written?
54. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is he
laughing?
Because I told
him a joke.
55. 8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT?OR
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
Because she is sick, __________________her eyes are watering.
because she is sick
57. 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
Even though we were tired,
we didn’t rest.
58. (a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
59. (a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry although I was very sad.
even though
although
same
meaning
adverb clause
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
+
60. (c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because expected result
even though
although
unexpected result
COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
61. 8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
even though
because
___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I
went to medical school.
Because