The document discusses malnutrition among pregnant and lactating women in Munuki Payam, South Sudan. It finds that the main factor for missing food among pregnant women is lack of appetite (54.16%), while the main reason for lactating mothers is inability to afford food (53.57%). The most common health complications among pregnant women are malaria (30%) and anemia (62.5%). After delivery, the main health issues are lack of breast milk (85.71%) and slow healing of wounds. The document recommends increasing awareness of malnutrition, encouraging balanced diets, supplementing foods with iron, and addressing economic issues to improve nutrition for pregnant and lactating women.

1. University of Juba
School of Applied & Industrial Sciences
Department of Food Science & Technology
Fifth year semester (10) 2020/2021
Fifth year semester (10) 2020/2021
Topic: Causes & Effects of Malnutrition in Pregnant
/Lactating Women In Munuki Payam-Juba
By; David Bandi Julius, index: 12-CI-016
Supervisor; Grace Aba Daniel
1

2. Introductions
Malnutrition: is the
deficiencies, excesses or imbalances
in person’s intake of energy and
nutrients (WHO, April15, 2020).
nutrients (WHO, April15, 2020).
Cause: is what produces an
event/condition.
Effect: the result(s) from an event or
condition.
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3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• According to south Sudan medical journal ( May 2008), Women of
reproductive age are at greater risk of under nutrition than other
adults in South Sudan because:
Energy and nutrient needs are high due to heavy workloads and
frequent pregnancies. Iron needs increase during pregnancy, and
blood is lost during menstruation and childbirth - so anemia is
common.
Traditional food sharing behaviors in some households may result in
Traditional food sharing behaviors in some households may result in
women’s diets being less adequate than those of men.
Weight loss due to depletion of fat and muscle mass, including organ
mass, is often the most obvious sign/effect of malnutrition. (Stratton
R, Green CJ, Elia M. 2003. Green CJ. Existence, 1999)
• According to my observations in my area kuwaite residential area
Munuki payam – Juba, most pregnant women show malnutrition
related sign such as body weakness/no energy while some lactating
mothers have no breast-milk.
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4. General Objective
To assess the general factors & effects of
malnutrition among pregnant/lactating women
in Munuki payam area
Specific Objective
To assess the main factors contributing to the
To assess the main factors contributing to the
malnutrition among Pregnant/Lactating
women in Munuki Primary Health Care
Center
To assess the main effects of nutrition related
problems among Pregnant/Lactating Women in
Munuki Primary Health Care Center
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5. HYPOTHESIS
H0: The effects of malnutrition
among pregnant/lactating women
are not due to some factors.
are not due to some factors.
H1: The effects of malnutrition
among pregnant/ lactating women
are due to some factors.
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6. The Methods
The Design of the Study-Questionnaires
The Study Area -Munuki Primary Health
Care Center-Juba.
Respondents of the Questionnaires-
Respondents of the Questionnaires-
pregnant/lactating Women
Ethical Considerations-To Whom it may
Concern Letter
Sample size obtained =52
6

7. 24
28
52
46.15384615
53.84615385
100
40
60
80
100
120
Results
Frequency
Percentages %
This Chart shows the statistic of Pregnant/Lactating
women respondents
24
28
0
20
Pregnant Women Lactating Mothers
7

8. 54.16666667
100
Results
Frequency Percentage %
Why Pregnant Women miss food sometimes
2
13
3
6
24
8.333333333
12.5
25
Religios Fasting No Appetite No Money I Don’t Miss Food Total
8

9. 32.14285714
53.57142857
100
20
40
60
80
100
120
Results
Why Lactating Mothers miss food sometimes
7.142857143
3.571428571 3.571428571
0
20
Religious Fasting No Appetide Cant Afford Sometimes No Time No Food In Right Time Total
Frequency Percentage %
9

10. 30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
62.5
100
Results
Frequency
Percentage %
Health complication of Pregnant Women
0
10
20
Malaria Typhoid Body Weakness Waist Pain Ulcer Chest pain Anemia Total
8.333333333
4.166666667
12.5
4.166666667 4.166666667 4.166666667
10

11. 85.71428571
100
20
40
60
80
100
120
Results
Health complications after delivery
3.571428571 3.571428571 3.571428571 3.571428571
0
No Breast-Milk More Breast- Milk Slow Healing of Operation
Wound
Vaginal & Cervical Toars Post Partum Haemorrhage
&Sever Wound
Total
Frequency Percentage %
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12. Discussions
According to my finding, the main Factors to
Miss food is No appetite 54.16% . It is
agreeing with some finding as mentioned
below;
Probably the single most important aetiological
factor in disease-related malnutrition is
reduced dietary intake. This is thought to
occur due to reductions in appetite sensation
as a result of changes in
Recommendations
Policy makers must address economic
crisis issues as the priority.
Food processors must add
iron/vitamins to some foods.
Pregnant/lactating Women must be
encourage to eat balance diets
always
Awareness about the causes/effects of
as a result of changes in
cytokines, glucocorticoids, insulin and
insulin-like growth factors (Jackson AA.
2003).
And also my result shows that Women with
anemia are at 62.5% , the highest percentage.
Agreeing with some finding as mentioned
below
"If you are not well nourished, you get
anemia, then when you give birth you will
have low hemoglobin levels and you will
tend to bleed a lot. (The New
Humanitarian, 25 Years of Journalism from
the Heart of Crisis, 18 March 2015)
Awareness about the causes/effects of
malnutrition must be done to the
women at all social & economic
levels.
Pregnant/lactating women with low
hemoglobin level must be given
food supplement of iron
Limitations
No Body Mass Index/Weight
Measurement was done to know the
effects due to time factor
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