Air Flow Presentation 0218

Data Center Air Flow Solutions

Converting Chaos into Order

Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart Way

Agenda
• Industry Trends and Findings
• Data Center Issues
• Wright Line Strategies
• Wight Line Product Solutions
– Air Flow Management Products (Wright Line and Vendor Neutral)
• Heat Containment
• Isle Containment
• Independent Containment

Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart
© Wright Line LLC, 2007
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Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart Way Confidential and Proprietary 2

Industry Findings and Trends
• Power consumption is so significant that accommodating the increase in
IT power consumption over the next five years will require the U.S. to
construct 10 major power plants. If current trends continue, we will need
another 20 between 2010 and 2015. That’s 30 power plants that need to
be built just to accommodate the growth within IT power.
» Source: Uptime Institute
• Forecasts indicate that unless energy efficiency is improved beyond
current trends, the federal government’s electricity cost for servers and
data centers could be nearly $740 million annually by 2011, with a peak
load of approximately 1.2 GW.
» Source: Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy
Efficiency Public Law 109-431
» U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR Program ,
August 2, 2007

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• People think that a $2,500 server is so cheap you don’t have to worry
about it. But over three years, the cost of electricity nearly equals the
cost of the server and that’s without the Capital Expenditure for building
the data center or the cost of running it.
» Source: Uptime Institute
• All data centers should optimize air flow, but this step is especially
effective in legacy data centers where air flow management was not
considered at build-out or where current implementation is conventional
hot-aisle cold-aisle set-up. In these arrangements there is poor
separation between the cold supply and hot return airstreams. Creating a
physical barrier separating hot and cold airstreams to provide the highest
degree of separation. Any of three approaches—cold aisle containment,
hot aisle containment, and rack containment could provide the physical
separation with each one offering its own advantages and limitations.
» Source: Silicon Valley Leadership Group
• Business will continue to look for ways to reduce data center operational
costs. Data Center Energy Consumption has reached the CEO’s desk
and will continue to become a strategic issue.
» Source: McKinzey Report

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• Data Center Facilities Reducing Data Center Power Consumption
– Data Center Power Consumption is Getting More Important
• As a major concern power consumption/conservation increased from 48% to
55%
• The behavior concerning power consumption has begun to change
– "When the power bill gets really significant, it ends up on the CEO's desk. "When he
sees that the biggest user is IT, IT has to deal with it."
– Still 28% of survey respondents don't know whether their power bill has increased
or decreased – though this is an improvement over the 36% who didn't know last
year.
– For the respondents who are paying attention, a majority see major increases in the
power bill for their data centers. 44% have seen an increase, and 19% say the
increase is greater than 10%.
• Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle Containment -- the practice of sealing hot aisles and cold
aisles in a data center –gained traction in 2009
• Some data centers do hot-aisle and cold-aisle containment themselves, and
some buy a system from a provider, such as Wright Line, APC and Liebert
• Containment really wasn't on the radar until late last year, but already 30% of
respondents have implemented it, and an additional 15% plan to next year
• The cold-aisle containment strategy is slightly more popular with
respondents than is hot-aisle or plenum containment
Source: Uptime Institute
Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart 2009 Data Center Survey
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• Increasing Computer Room Air Conditioner Performance
– ASHRAE TC9.9 and Ambient Conditions
• Dry Bulb Temperature 68 to 77 Degree Fahrenheit
– The trick is there is usually a range of temperatures, not one temperature
• 40 – 55% RH at Air Inlet
• It’s all about the Delta T (^T)
– 30 Ton Units are Not Really 30 Ton Units. It’s 30 Tons at some operating
conditions
• Examples
• A 30 Ton nominal,downflow, chilled water CRAC unit may have a sensible
capacity of 27 Tons at 72 degrees, but only 23 Tons when operated at 68
degrees. 18% more capacity at the higher operating temperature!
• Capturing return air at a higher temperature allows for a higher Delta T and
increase performance.
• 88 degrees entering the CRAC will produce 30 Tons. A 30% improvement!

Source: Data Center Journal
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• Increasing Chiller Temperature Yields Significant Savings
– “Normally, for centrifugal compressor-based chillers, an increase of one
degree in the chilled water supply temperature can increase the
operational efficiency of the chiller by 1 to 2 percent. If a chiller can
supply chilled water at 55°F, it will be approximately 15 to 30 percent
more efficient than when it produces chilled water at 40°F (cooler).”

Source: Dr. Tengfang Xu
June 15, 2005,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Problems In The Data Center
• Legacy Designs or Lack Thereof
• Conventional Designs that did not Anticipate Shifts in
Technology
• On-Going Changes That Effect The Dynamics Of The Data
Center
• 24X7X365 Uptime
• Lack Of Funding - On-Going Capital & Operational Expenses
– Doing More With Less
• Perceived and Real Risks
• Usually Number One Problem from an Immediate Need:
– Heat and Power ( I have enough cooling, but I still have heat
problems and we are running out of power.)

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Current State of Most Data Centers Regarding Air Flow
Management
• Over Provisioned Air Cooling Adding To Cost
• Yet Cooling Is Still A Problem
– 90% Of Data Centers Have Enough or Too Much Cooling
– 60% Of The Cool Air Is Wasted Due To:
• Air Mixing
• Air Stratification
• Bypass Air
– Why The Problem?
• Traditional Data Center Designs are not Predictable and Consistent
• Technological Changes That Were Not Planned or Anticipated
• Immediate Business Needs Creating Short Term Solutions Without
Consideration to Efficiency
• The Cost Of Running A Data Center Has Reached The Radar of CEOs and
C Level Executives
– CapEx and OpEx Expenses
– Green Initiatives

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The “Four Temps”: Do you have chaos cooling?

• Supply Path ∆T
µT4-µT1= Supply losses and
entitlement for cooling performance gain
• Return Path ∆T
µT3-µT2= Return losses and entitlement for efficiency gain
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Wright Lines Answers To Technical and Business
Objectives
• Wright Line Can Help Clients Reduce Capital & Operational
Expenses
– Reduce The Need For Cooling
– Reduce Heat Within The Data Center
– Increase Density Levels within Enclosures and Increase Floor
Space
– Implement A More Predictable Environment
– Maximize Existing Infrastructure Investments
• Cooling
• Power
• Floor Space
• Less or Lack of Disruption
• Stranded Assets

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Wright Line Methodology
• Analyze the Current Environment - Planning
– Industry Specifications: PUE, DCiE
– Utilizing Modeling Tools (CFD)
– Utilizing Practical “ Horse Sense”
• How much power and AC do I need now and the foreseeable future?
• Can the current data center be adapted to the new technology?
• What are the biggest pay backs?
• What is the best phased approach to move forward?
• Our Solutions Utilize Services and Enabling Technology
– Provides a Road Map To Achieve the Technological and Business
Objectives to Provide The Fastest ROI That Is Practical In Your
Environment

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Why Chaos Cooling in a Data Center?
• Legacy cooling designs employ an open supply and
return air methodology that drives mixing of both
supply and return air streams
• Cool air in a legacy data center is used for many
purposes
• Cool IT equipment
• Keep warm air away from IT inlets
• Move warm air toward the return system

• Minor changes in any element of the data center
create unpredictable behavior which decreases
reliability

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How Does Chaos Manifest Itself in the Data Center?

• Recirculation of air from IT equipment exhaust finds its
way to IT inlet and can reduce server performance and
even cause servers to stop working
• Air stratification is the layering of different temperature air
masses and forces set points of precision cooling
equipment to be lower than recommended
• Bypass Air is the remixing of cool supply air that directly
enters the return air stream and drives down precision
cooling efficiencies
To prevent processing impact, data centers produce
significantly more cold air than is required for IT
devices
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Recirculation
• Hot air exhaust circulating
back into its own intake can
cause device thermal
overload.
• Typical manufacturer inlet
temperature threshold for
device operations is 95°F.
• Exceeding manufacturers’
operating device threshold
can lead to unplanned
computing system outages
and data loss.
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Temperature Stratification
• Significant gradient of air
temperatures beyond
ASHRAE TC9.9 places
devices at risk of thermal
overload
• Maintaining inlet
temperature gradients
within the ASHRAE
recommended range
significantly saves energy
Manufacturer
ASHRAE TC9.9 Specification
Device Inlet
Temperature
Range (64.4 - 80.6)ºF (50 - 95)ºF

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Re-Mixing Air Streams – Bypass Airflow
• Jet stream of high-velocity
air has enough
momentum to completely
bypass the front of the IT
rack which creates bypass
airflow

• Significant efficiencies
and cost savings can be
realized by eliminating
bypass airflow.

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Converting Chaos into Order
• Four Types of Solutions Can Be Employed
– Rack-based Heat Containment
– Cold Aisle Containment
– Hot Aisle Containment
– Independent Containment
• Two phases exist for each type
– Partial Containment
– Total Containment
• Two methods for implementation exist
– Integrated to the Rack
– Independent to the Rack
A variety of site-based constraints and consumer preferences can
drive the best selection
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Wright Line’s Evolution of Airflow Management
Rear
Fan
Doors Fan and Duct system 1st Gen. HCS 2nd Gen. HCS Aisle Containment

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

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Control Chaotic Cooling
Wright Line
Products


Basic Data Center
Low Level Solutions


Wright Line Product Solutions
• First Steps
– Seal Up The Room and Racks
– Maximize Air Flow and Redirect Air • Universal Air Seal Kits
• Blanking Panels

Seal Up The Floor
Koldlock

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Paramount High Flow Doors Front and Back
• High Flow Doors offer
exceptional airflow with 75%
perforation – a 19% increase
over industry standard
• Unique perforation pattern
results in a reduction of raw
material consumption by over
60% - a ‘green’ benefit
• Doors feature tool-less door
removal, a brushed aluminum
door pull and a variety of locks

Way
Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart Way Confidential andLLC, 2007
© Wright Line Proprietary 23

Rack-Based
Heat Containment

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Heat Containment
• Wright Lines Heat Containment
System Features:
– Scalable Heat Containment –
Implement heat containment with minimal
interruption to operations by building up
from existing enclosures
. – Increased Rack Capacity – By isolating
the heat from the cold supply air, you can
. load over 25kW of equipment in an
. enclosure
– Save White Space – No additional air
conditioners or other space consuming
equipment required
– Increase CRAC Cooling Efficiency – All
cold supply air used primarily to cool IT
equipment and hot air exhaust is direct
back to the CRAC intake at a higher ∆T.
Great for your “green initiatives”.
– Create a Predictable Environment – By
actively controlling and normalizing
supply temperature, you can eliminate
recirculation and stratification.

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What is Rack-based Heat Containment
• Stage 1- A Chimney structure that
mounts directly to a top rear of IT Rack
Allows hot air to rise directly to high
stratification layers
• Stage 2 - Connects the exhaust air
directly back to the Return Air path of
typical air conditioning systems
• Can be passive or may be an active
configuration with implementation of
fans in the chimney
– Active control of fans based on
temperature or pressure

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Rack Based Containment In A Data Center
• Flexibility In Regards to Traditional Hot and Cold Isle
Configurations

- Maximize White Space
- Working with Space Constraints
- Integrating HCS with Current Infrastructure
- Reducing CapEx and OpEx

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Legacy Challenges – Lighting, Cabling & Power
• Rack-based
containment allows
for standard cable
and wiring best
practices
• Can be retro-fitted in
the field without
interruption of
processing equipment
• Custom
configurations
available
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Overhead Flexibility

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Heat Containment - Wright Line and 3rd Party Enclosures
Addressing Flexibility and Investment Protection
- Maximize Existing
Infrastructure Investments
- Minimize Disruptions
- As your applications grow or you
consolidate servers, cooling
capacity can be increased
simply by modifying the doors,
side panels and tops of your
enclosure system. The base
enclosure remains the same,
lowering your Total Cost of
Ownership (TCO).

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Paramount Tower of Cool™

For applications where a full HCS deployment is
unnecessary, the patented Tower of Cool, which utilizes
High Delta Temperature Cooling (HDTC), can be a
perfect alternative. The Tower of Cool efficiently cools
10kW of equipment within 44U, by incorporating the
building air conditioning system and the enclosure into
one closed-loop cooling system. The Tower of Cool is
also the perfect solution for providing supplemental spot
cooling in legacy data centers.

By preventing stratified air from entering the top of the
enclosure, the Tower of Cool distributes cold air which
allows equipment to run at lower temperatures,
resulting in increased hardware reliability.

The Tower of Cool, using specialized doors and
fans, captures cold air from the raised floor
plenum and distributes it throughout the rack.

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Airflow Manager for Switches and Routers

Features
- Helps eliminate overheating of
network racks and other nearby
equipment by allowing front to rear
airflow through the switch or router
- Improves efficiency by preventing
hot exhaust air from mixing with
cold intake air.
- Allows the switch or router
assembly to be mounted facing the
front or rear of the enclosure.
- Resolves the difficult issue of how
to mount a switch or Router with
unique airflow requirements

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Cold and Hot Aisle
Containment


What is Cold Aisle Containment?
• Stage I – Partial Containment:
– Typically configured with a set of End of Row Doors and the
installation of Blanking Panels in all open IT U space
• Stage 2 – Total Containment:
– Incorporates the Aisle Ceiling structure which spans the aisle
from the front of one row of racks to the front of the opposing row of
racks
Why Implement Cold Aisle Containment?
• Save Energy – Reduce your cold air supply in an open
environment with reduction or elimination of hot and cold air
mixing
• Provide Predictability – By reducing or eliminating re-mixing of
hot and cold air in a dynamic data center environment
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Cold Aisle Containment Challenges
• The temperature in the remainder of the data center may
become too hot for optimal employee productivity
• The local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) may interpret
total containment as a “room within a room” which may
present additional challenges:
– Fire Detection and Fire Suppression Systems

• Reduction in thermal inertia for outage ride-through
• The clear ceilings that are utilized in the contained row may
present some cleaning issues

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What is Independent Hot Aisle Containment?
• Stage 1– Partial Containment:
– Configured with a set of End of Row Doors driving heat upwards
to the preferred stratification layer
• Stage 2 – Total Containment
– Incorporates the Aisle Ceiling structure which spans the aisle
and allows for return chimney installation

Why Implement Hot Aisle Containment?
• All energy used to move/produce cool air is used to cool IT equipment
• Air conditioner set points can be tuned to deliver ideal inlet air temp to IT
equipment and eliminate the energy from overcooling
• Warm air is sent directly back to conditioning systems increasing overall
cooling performance
• Predictable air management is obtained
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Hot Aisle Containment Challenges
• The temperature in the hot aisle could become too hot for
optimal employee productivity
• The local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) may interpret
total containment as a “room within a room” which may
present additional challenges:
– Fire Detection and Fire Suppression Systems
• With ceiling space consumed with exhaust chimneys,
lighting in the rows can become an issue.

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Anatomy of a Contained Row
• End of Row Doors
• Aisle Ceiling (Optional)
• Integrated to the Racks
• Available for Wright Line
racks or third-party racks
• Shown here in 4’ cold aisle
width configuration
– Available for up to 8’ width
• Can be deployed for
hot and cold aisles
– Cold Air Shown
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Total Cold Aisle Containment

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Aisle Containment

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Cold Aisle Delivers Performance and Efficiency
Open
Chaos
System

Partial
Containment
with End of
Row Doors

Total
Containment
with Doors
& Ceiling

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Total Containment – Hot and Cold

This illustrates a Total Containment System where both the Supply and
Return Air Streams are captured to provide for a completely closed loop
system. This will increase efficiencies and increase overall
infrastructure capacity.
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End Of Row Doors
Features & Benefits:
Ease of Installation – Field-installable,
rack-integrated and freestanding options
available
Rack Agnostic – Flexible enough to install
almost anywhere on any manufacturer's
brand
Enclosure
Improve Efficiency and Predictability –
Increases cold air intake efficiency, from the
bottom of the enclosure to the top, within
the cold aisle. Decreases wasted air by as
much as 70%
Café Doors Single Swing End Door
Variety of Door Models – Café-style doors
and containment walls
Minimize Air Re-mixing – Cost-effectively
minimize air mixing between the hot and
Managing Your Infrastructure……The Smart cold air
cold aisle while keeping the uniform
supply in front of the servers for a longer© Wright Line LLC, 2007
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period of time

End Of Row Curtains
Features
- Ease of Installation – Field-installable,
rack integrated and ceiling-integrated
options available
- Rack Agnostic – Flexible enough to install
almost anywhere on any manufacturer's
brand enclosure
- Improve Efficiency and Predictability –
Increases cold air intake efficiency, from
the bottom of the enclosure to the top,
within the cold aisle. Decreases wasted air
by as much as 55%
- Variety of Curtain Models – Choose from
various styles of curtains – from simple end
of aisle containment curtains to building-
integrated curtains, which can become
containment walls End of Row Curtains Providing
- Minimize Air Re-mixing – Cost-effectively Cold Air Containment with Rack
minimize air mixing between the hot and
cold aisle while keeping the uniform cold
Based Chimneys for Heat
air supply in front of the servers for a Containment
longer period of time

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Simple Aisle Curtain Solution

• Curtain systems exhibit substantial leakage but
can provide a cost effective strategy to isolate air
streams in the Data Center…better than nothing!
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Independent
Hot and Cold Aisle Containment


Independent Hot and Cold Aisle Added Benefits
Flexibility Finally Returns to the IT Manager
– Ability to support any Vendor IT Rack of any depth or height
– Ability to support any density anywhere on the white space
– Available Rack space unencumbered by cooling equipment in the rack rows
– Adds, Moves and change happens everyday
Cooling Performance Achieved by Facility Manager
– Efficient cooling systems cost less to operate
– Optimized designs that match cooling capacity and demand will
cost less to purchase
– Predictable performance in a dynamic environment drives reliability

Yields a savings greater than 30% reduction in the
energy consumed in a typical legacy data center
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Independent Containment System
Ambient lighting with clear
roof
Move racks
on demand

Fits any size rack
End of
Vertical blanking system
Row
maintains containment integrity
Doors
Add Adjustable Chimneys
with load Extend aisle
with load growth
Can Be Deployed as Hot or
Cold Isle Containment

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Aisle Containment with Expansion Frame
- Scalability
- Flexibility
- Investment Protection

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Features:
Supports various number of racks
End of Row Café Doors
Standard Exhaust Chimneys

Vertical
Blanking
System Various
Rack Positions
and Heights

Available in Seismic Version
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Summary of Wright Line’s Containment Strategies
• Wright Line Designs, Engineers and Manufacturers a Complete Portfolio of
Products that Address Airflow Management Solutions within the Data Center
– Ease of Use
– Ease of Installation
– Lowest Total Cost of Ownership
• Reduction in CapEx and OpEx
• Airflow Strategies – Isolate and Separate Hot and Cold Air
– Total Containment
– Partial Containment
• Air Flow Products
– Heat Containment
– Cold Isle Containment
– Hot Isle Containment
– Independent Containment
– Wright Line and 3rd Party Solutions

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Summary of Wright Line’s Containment Strategies

• Eliminate recirculation, air stratification and bypass air.
• Create predictability in your data center.
• Road to containment can be achieved through
several stages.
– Main emphasis being scalable and flexible products that
decrease your Total Cost of Ownership
• Collaborative approach – not a one-size-fits-all
solution, every site is unique and every project is
different.
• Energy savings … improves operational efficiencies.
• Increase reliability by shedding electrical loads and
isolating air streams.

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Wright Line Converting Chaotic Air
Flow Into Order

• Thank You For Your Time
• Contact Information
– Danny Newman
– Cell: 205-410-4216
– Office: 205-980-6143
– Email: danny.newman@wrightline.com

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Air Flow Presentation 0218

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