Maritime security comes out as one of the essential issue in the modern society because of the social and political implication towards the achievement of growth and development

1. EFFECTIVENESS OF ISPS CODE IN
ADDRESSING Maritime security
By
CALEB DANLADI BAKO
CHIEF MARINE OFFICER
NIGERIA LNG SHIP MANAGEMENT LTD

2. INTRODUCTION TO MARITIME SECURITY
 More than 90% of global trade are transported by sea
 Maritime insecurity has been a threat to ships, crew and
global economy
 Maritime security comes out as one of the essential issue in
the modern society because of the social and political
implication towards the achievement of growth and
development.
 One of the major forms of maritime insecurity is the issue of
piracy which is a global threat to shipping.
 World events later prompted the creation of ISPS code.

3. Overview of maritime Insecurity
 Over the Years, the oceans of the world have history of Maritime insecurity
 In the beginning of seafaring, Maritime Security risk were challenging and there were no
laws at that time to address the issues that were rising.
 The International community have to address this issue following the Hijacking of the
Achille Laura
 By the turn of the century maritime security was once again focus on acts of piracy,
terrorism and arm robbery at sea
 Maritime insecurity today have negative impact on seafarers, ship owners, maritime
environment and Maritime Economy.
 Maritime Security is an integral part of IMO’s responsibilities

4. Maritime security threat
 Piracy
 Arm robbery at sea
 Maritime terrorism
 Sabotage
 Stowaways
 Illegal immigrant

5. Causes of maritime insecurity
 Increase Economy Challenges
 Corruption and Weak Government
 Poverty
 Legal and Jurisdiction weakness
 Inadequate security
 Permissive political environment
 Unemployment
 Lack of Economic opportunities

6. International maritime security LEGISLATIVE frame work
 United Nations Convention on the laws of the seas
(UNCLOS)
 Maritime safety Committee Circular 443 (measures to
prevent unlawful act which threaten the safety of ships
and security of their passengers and crew
 Suppression of unlawful act(SUA)Convention 1988
 SOLAS Convention
 International Ship and port facility security code (ISPS
Code)

7. Impact of maritime insecurity
 Maritime security issues across the globe has been
focused on acts of piracy and terrorism.
 Maritime security is a global issue with various stalk
holders having varying interest
 Maritime insecurity has a negative Impact on
1. Seafarers
2. Ship owners
3. Economy Impact: dropped in oil production in high risk
areas due to stealing of cargo
4. Tourism and fishing
5. Physical and Marine Environment
6. Cost of shipping insurance

8. Maritime security in new millennium- isps code
WHAT IS ISPS CODE ?
IMO define ISPS code as ISPS code means International ship and port
facility security code. Is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance
the security of ships and port facilities, developed in response to the
perceived threats to ships and port facilities in wake of the September
11 2001 attacks in the United States.

9. objectivesof isps code
 To establish an international framework involving co-operation
between contracting Governments, Governments agencies, Local
Administrations and the shipping and port industries to detect
security threats and take preventive measures against security
incidents affecting ships or port facilities used in International trade.
 To establish the respective roles and responsibilities of the
contracting Governments, Government agencies, Local
administrations and the shipping and port industries, at the national
and international level for ensuring maritime security;
 To ensure the early and efficient collection and exchange of security
related information
 To provide a methodology for security assessments so as to have in
place plans and procedures to react to changing security levels; and
 To ensure confidence that adequate and proportionate maritime
security measures are in place.

10. Who has to comply with isps code ?
ISPS Code is part of SOLAS, therefore compliance is mandatory for the 148
contracting parties to SOLAS.
WHAT DOES INPLEMENTING ISPS CODE ONBOARD INVOLVE?
Ship and port facility is subject to different threat, the method by which they
will meet the specific requirement of ISPS code will be determine and
approved by the administrator or flag state
For a company to effectively implement ISPS code onboard there ships, It
has to undergone a minimum number of functional requirements as stated in
the code. These requirements includes
 Ship Security Plan
 Ship Security officer
 Company security officer
 Security Equipments onboard
 Security audit
 Training
 Designated security Duties

11. Challenges of Implementing ISPS Code
 Lack of resources
 High cost of Implementation
 High Level of corruption and poor Governance
 Insufficient security personnel and inadequate
training
 Poor Equipment of Naval forces
 Lack of regional cooperation
 Substandard flag of convenience
 Inability of IMO to enforce its Regulation. It can only
monitor compliance.

12. MAJOR CHANGES TO MARITIME SECURITY AFTER ADOPTION OF
ISPS CODE
 Provision of a common baseline for international
cooperation on issue of maritime security.
 Establishment of a new SOLAS chapter XI-2 special
measures to enhance maritime security was added.
 Implementation of Long range identification for
implementation and tracking of ships
 Establishment of Maritime Security levels for ships and
port facilities
 Use of technology to suppress threat to maritime security

13. How ISPS code has promoted Maritime Security
 boosting maritime security within different global
jurisdictions
 Provisions of the ISPS code ensure that there is a Ship
Security Plan (SSP), Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP)
and other equipment within the ship or port for
security enhancement
 The code allows governments and other stakeholders
to form commission and tasks forces to ensure that the
code is implemented in a proper manner.
 Raising awareness level of maritime community on
issues of maritime Security.

14. SUMMARY
 Maritime security is under threat now than ever
 Recent world Events have raised the concern of the
International Community regarding the safety and
security of ships.
 ISPS Code was developed in the aftermath of the
September 11 attacks in the US and adopted in 2004.
 The success of Maritime security depends largely on
the ability of nations to provide adequate legal security
regime in support of the shipping industry.

15. QUESTIONS
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Contact: Caleb Danladi Bako
dancb2k@yahoo.com
cam00431@myport.ac.uk
+2348064218253