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Housing Market 
      and 
Economic Outlook
          Lawrence Yun, Ph.D.
             Chief Economist
   NATIONAL ASSOCIATION  OF REALTORS®

Presentation at Ohio Association of REALTORS®

               Columbus, OH

              January 14, 2013
Forecast #1: Inflation will be Notably 
           Higher by 2015

• No Threatening Inflation Signs for 2013

• But Inflation rises to 4% to 6% in 2015

• Well above Fed’s preferred rate of 2%

• But not in double‐digits as in 1970s
0
    2
    4
    6
    8
   10
   12
   14
   16




   ‐4
   ‐2
1970 ‐ Jan
1972 ‐ Jan
1974 ‐ Jan
1976 ‐ Jan
1978 ‐ Jan
1980 ‐ Jan
1982 ‐ Jan
1984 ‐ Jan
1986 ‐ Jan
             Core




1988 ‐ Jan
1990 ‐ Jan
1992 ‐ Jan
1994 ‐ Jan
1996 ‐ Jan
             Overall




1998 ‐ Jan
                       (% change from one year ago)




2000 ‐ Jan
2002 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jan
                                                      Consumer Price Inflation




2006 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jan
‐1
             0
                 1
                     2
                         3
                             4
                                 5
2000 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jul
2001 ‐ Jan
2001 ‐ Jul
2002 ‐ Jan
2002 ‐ Jul
2003 ‐ Jan
2003 ‐ Jul
2004 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jul
2005 ‐ Jan
2005 ‐ Jul
2006 ‐ Jan
2006 ‐ Jul
                                     Owners' Equivalent Rent




2007 ‐ Jan
2007 ‐ Jul
2008 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jul
2009 ‐ Jan
2009 ‐ Jul
2010 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jul
                                                               (the biggest weight to Consumer Price Index)

                                     Renters' Rent




2011 ‐ Jan
2011 ‐ Jul
2012 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jul
                                                                                                              Rising Renters’ and Homeowners’ Rent Growth 
Percent of REALTORS® Reporting Changing 
      Rent  Levels as Compared to 12 Months Ago
60%

                  Sept '12: Rising rent: 57%
50%




40%




30%




20%




10%




0%




          Higher Rents     Lower Rents         Constant rents
Monetary Policy by Federal Reserve 
           (zero rate policy to 2015 ?) 
    %                  Fed Funds
6

5

4

3

2

1

0
Federal Reserve Balance Sheet from 
          Quantitative Easing
                             Total Assets
3500000
          $ million
3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

      0
     1‐Aug‐07     1‐Aug‐08   1‐Aug‐09   1‐Aug‐10   1‐Aug‐11   1‐Aug‐12
500000
                   0
             1000000
             1500000
             2000000
             2500000
             3000000
             3500000
             4000000
1970 ‐ Jan
1972 ‐ Jan
1974 ‐ Jan
1976 ‐ Jan
1978 ‐ Jan
1980 ‐ Jan
1982 ‐ Jan
1984 ‐ Jan
                  12‐month tally in $ million




1986 ‐ Jan
                                                Revenue




1988 ‐ Jan
1990 ‐ Jan
1992 ‐ Jan
1994 ‐ Jan
1996 ‐ Jan
                                                Spending




1998 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jan
                                                              Federal Government 




2002 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jan
                                                           Tax Revenue and Spending




2006 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jan
Huge Federal Budget Deficit 
          … Will Push Up Borrowing Cost and/or Ignite Inflation

 4
      Deficit in relation to GDP
 2

  0
   1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
 ‐2‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan

 ‐4

 ‐6

 ‐8

‐10

‐12
Impact to Deficit
• Mortgage Interest Deduction … $90 billion
  – Not the source of the current budget deficit since 
    MID was present for nearly 100 years


• Interest Rates Revert back to historical 
  average … $300 billion in extra interest 
  expense
0
                 5
                     10
                          15
                               20




   ‐5
1971 ‐ Jan
1973 ‐ Jan
1975 ‐ Jan
1977 ‐ Jan
1979 ‐ Jan
1981 ‐ Jan
1983 ‐ Jan
1985 ‐ Jan
1987 ‐ Jan
1989 ‐ Jan
1991 ‐ Jan
                                    30‐year Mortgage Rate




1993 ‐ Jan
1995 ‐ Jan
1997 ‐ Jan
1999 ‐ Jan
                                                                    Mortgage Rates




2001 ‐ Jan
2003 ‐ Jan
2005 ‐ Jan
                                    Inflation Rate




2007 ‐ Jan
2009 ‐ Jan
                                                            Declining Inflation Helped Lower 




2011 ‐ Jan
Mortgage Rate Forecast
           (Average Rate of 5.5% in 2015 ?) 
                             30‐year Mortgage
      %
  7
  6
  5
  4
  3
  2
  1
  0




Modestly higher rates could help home sales as banks re‐staff mortgage 
work for home purchase applications and less refinance applications.
Forecast #2: Meaningfully Higher 
              Home Prices
• Demand is Up … Supply is Down

• 4% to 5% in 2012 (Case‐Shiller, FHFA)

• 5% to 7% in 2012 (Median Home Price)

• Home price growth could slow or accelerate … all 
  depends on housing starts

• Probably 15% cumulative growth over 3 years
0.0
                   10.0
                          20.0
                                 30.0
                                        40.0
                                               50.0
                                                      60.0
                                                             70.0
2008 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Apr
2008 ‐ Jul
2008 ‐ Oct
2009 ‐ Jan
2009 ‐ Apr
2009 ‐ Jul
2009 ‐ Oct
                                                                    Buyer




2010 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Apr
2010 ‐ Jul
2010 ‐ Oct
                                                                    Seller




2011 ‐ Jan
2011 ‐ Apr
2011 ‐ Jul
                                                                             from REALTOR® Survey
                                                                             Buyer and Seller Traffic 




2011 ‐ Oct
2012 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Apr
2012 ‐ Jul
70
                                 75
                                      80
                                           85
                                                90
                                                     95
                                                          100
                                                                105
                                                                      110
                                                                                              115
              2007 ‐ Jan
              2007 ‐ Apr
               2007 ‐ Jul




Source: NAR
              2007 ‐ Oct
              2008 ‐ Jan
              2008 ‐ Apr
               2008 ‐ Jul
              2008 ‐ Oct
              2009 ‐ Jan
              2009 ‐ Apr
                                                                       Homebuyer Tax Credit




               2009 ‐ Jul
              2009 ‐ Oct
              2010 ‐ Jan
              2010 ‐ Apr
               2010 ‐ Jul
                                                                                                    (Seasonally Adjusted)




              2010 ‐ Oct
              2011 ‐ Jan
              2011 ‐ Apr
              2011 ‐ July
              2011 ‐ Oct
              2012 ‐ Jan
               2012‐Apr
               2012 ‐ Jul
              2012 ‐ Oct
                                                                                                                            Monthly Pending Home Sales Index
Annual Existing Home Sales Closings:
            U‐Shaped Recovery
8
  In million units
7 7.08
6        6.52
5                                                                               5.7
                                                                         5.4
              5.02                                                5.1
4                                                     4.69
                          4.12   4.34   4.18   4.26
3
2
1
0
     2005

            2006

                   2007

                          2008

                                 2009

                                        2010

                                               2011



                                                                  2013

                                                                         2014

                                                                                2015
                                                      2012 est.
Ohio Housing Statistics
• Sales up 14% year‐to‐date  

• Prices up 5% in November 

• Dollar Volume … up 20%

• REALTOR®… up from 28 and 49  (from bad to normal)

• Inventories down 15% from 1 year ago 
• Inventories down 41% from 2 years ago 
Household Formation Bursting Out
             (in millions)

2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
124000
                      126000
                               128000
                                        130000
                                                 132000
                                                          134000
                                                                   136000
                                                                            138000
2000 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jul
2001 ‐ Jan
2001 ‐ Jul
                                                                                     140000 In thousands


2002 ‐ Jan
2002 ‐ Jul
2003 ‐ Jan
2003 ‐ Jul
2004 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jul
2005 ‐ Jan
2005 ‐ Jul
2006 ‐ Jan
2006 ‐ Jul
2007 ‐ Jan
2007 ‐ Jul
2008 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jul
2009 ‐ Jan
                                                                                                              U.S. Total Payroll Jobs




2009 ‐ Jul
2010 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jul
                                                                                                           (Recovered 63% of jobs lost)




2011 ‐ Jan
2011 ‐ Jul
2012 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jul
5000
                    5100
                           5200
                                  5300
                                         5400
                                                5500
                                                       5600
                                                              5700
                                                                     5800
2000 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jul
2001 ‐ Jan
2001 ‐ Jul
2002 ‐ Jan
                                                                      In thousands



2002 ‐ Jul
2003 ‐ Jan
2003 ‐ Jul
2004 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jul
2005 ‐ Jan
2005 ‐ Jul
2006 ‐ Jan
2006 ‐ Jul
2007 ‐ Jan
2007 ‐ Jul
2008 ‐ Jan
                                                                                         (Lost Decade)




2008 ‐ Jul
2009 ‐ Jan
2009 ‐ Jul
                                                                                     Ohio Total Payroll Jobs




2010 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jul
2011 ‐ Jan
2011 ‐ Jul
2012 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jul
Ohio Total Payroll Jobs
                 Long‐term since 1939
6000    In thousands

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

   0
    1939 1945 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011
     ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
54%
                   56%
                         58%
                               60%
                                     62%
                                           64%
                                                 66%
2000 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jul
2001 ‐ Jan
2001 ‐ Jul
2002 ‐ Jan
2002 ‐ Jul
2003 ‐ Jan
2003 ‐ Jul
2004 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jul
2005 ‐ Jan
2005 ‐ Jul
2006 ‐ Jan
2006 ‐ Jul
2007 ‐ Jan
2007 ‐ Jul
2008 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jul
2009 ‐ Jan
2009 ‐ Jul
2010 ‐ Jan
2010 ‐ Jul
                                                       (How many of the civilian population is working?)




2011 ‐ Jan
                                                                                                           Employment Rate … No Progress




2011 ‐ Jul
2012 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jul
Visible Existing Home Inventory
            (Existing home inventory at 8‐year low)
4,500,000

4,000,000
3,500,000

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

 500,000

       0
            2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
            ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
100
                       200
                             300
                                   400
                                         500
                                               600
                                                     700




             0
1964 ‐ Jan
1966 ‐ Jan
1968 ‐ Jan
1970 ‐ Jan
1972 ‐ Jan
1974 ‐ Jan
1976 ‐ Jan
1978 ‐ Jan
1980 ‐ Jan
1982 ‐ Jan
1984 ‐ Jan
1986 ‐ Jan
1988 ‐ Jan
1990 ‐ Jan
1992 ‐ Jan
1994 ‐ Jan
1996 ‐ Jan
1998 ‐ Jan
2000 ‐ Jan
2002 ‐ Jan
2004 ‐ Jan
                                                                                                                Visible New Home Inventory




2006 ‐ Jan
2008 ‐ Jan
                                                           (Newly Constructed Homes Inventory at 50‐year low)




2010 ‐ Jan
2012 ‐ Jan
Housing Starts
        (Well Below 50‐year average of 1.5 million each year)

                           multifamily          single‐family
       Thousand units (annualized)
2500

2000
                                             Long‐term Average

1500

1000

500

   0
       2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
       ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
0
        10000
        20000
        30000
        40000
        50000
        60000
        70000
        80000
        90000
       100000
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
                Ohio Housing Permits




2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0.0
                        0.5
                                  1.0
                                        1.5
                                                     2.0
                                                            2.5
                                                                        3.0
                                                                                  3.5
                                                                                            4.0
                                                                                                  4.5
                                                                                                            5.0
2000 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q3
2001 ‐ Q1
2001 ‐ Q3
2002 ‐ Q1
2002 ‐ Q3
2003 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q3
2004 ‐ Q1
2004 ‐ Q3
2005 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q3
2006 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q3
2007 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q3
2008 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q3
2009 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q3
2010 ‐ Q1
                                                                                                                                           million units




2010 ‐ Q3
2011 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q3
2012 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q3
                                                                                                                                                                                   Shadow Inventory … Falling




2015 … 5%
            2014 … 8%
                                                                                                                  (Seriously delinquent mortgage + homes in foreclosure process)




                         2013 … 15%
                                        2012 … 25%
                                                           2011 … 33%
                                                                              2010 … 33% 
                                                                                              Market Share
                                                                                              Distressed Sales 
0
                                                                              2
                                                                              4
                                                                              6
                                                                              8
                                                                             10
                                                                             12  %
                                                                     2005 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2005 ‐ Q2
                                                                     2005 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2005 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2006 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2006 ‐ Q2
                                                                     2006 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2006 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2007 ‐ Q1




   • Vacant property
                                                                     2007 ‐ Q2
                                                                     2007 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2007 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2008 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2008 ‐ Q2
                                                                                     CT




                                                                     2008 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2008 ‐ Q4
                                                                                     IL




                                                                     2009 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2009 ‐ Q2
                                                                     2009 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2009 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2010 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2010 ‐ Q2
   • Missed Mortgages for 6 months or longer 

                                                                     2010 ‐ Q3
                                                                     2010 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2011 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2011 ‐ Q2
                                                                     2011 ‐ Q3
                                                                                          Example Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in CT and IL




                                                                     2011 ‐ Q4
                                                                     2012 ‐ Q1
                                                                     2012 ‐ Q2
                                                                                                                                                Foreclosures Clogged in Judicial States 




Should a trigger be set up to foreclose without a court approval? 
0
         2
         4
         6
         8
        10
        12
        14
            %
2005 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q2
2005 ‐ Q3
2005 ‐ Q4
2006 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q2
2006 ‐ Q3
2006 ‐ Q4
2007 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q2
2007 ‐ Q3
2007 ‐ Q4
2008 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q2
                AZ




2008 ‐ Q3
2008 ‐ Q4
2009 ‐ Q1
                MI




2009 ‐ Q2
2009 ‐ Q3
2009 ‐ Q4
2010 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q2
2010 ‐ Q3
2010 ‐ Q4
                                                                                 in Non‐Judicial States 




2011 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q2
                                                                              Foreclosures Rapidly Falling 




2011 ‐ Q3
2011 ‐ Q4
                     Example: Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in AZ, CA , MI




2012 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q2
2012 ‐ Q3
0
            2
                4
                    6
                        8
                                10
                                     12

                            %
2005 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q2
2005 ‐ Q3
2005 ‐ Q4
2006 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q2
2006 ‐ Q3
2006 ‐ Q4
2007 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q2
2007 ‐ Q3
2007 ‐ Q4
2008 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q2
2008 ‐ Q3
2008 ‐ Q4
2009 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q2
2009 ‐ Q3
2009 ‐ Q4
                                          Ohio Shadow




2010 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q2
2010 ‐ Q3
2010 ‐ Q4
2011 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q2
2011 ‐ Q3
2011 ‐ Q4
2012 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q2
2012 ‐ Q3
Home Prices
Metric         % change from one year ago      Comment

NAR            + 10.1% (November)              Mix of homes impact price …  
Median Price                                   fewer distressed sales recently …



Case‐Shiller   +4.3% (Aug, Sep, Oct average)   Lagging indicator

                                               Near double‐digit on an 
                                               annualized basis in recent months
FHFA           + 5.6% (October)                9 straights months of gain
National


FHFA           +3.0% (Third Quarter)           3 straight quarters of gain
Connecticut
50
            100
            150
            200
            250
            300
            350
            400
            450




              0
1990 ‐ Q1
1991 ‐ Q1
1992 ‐ Q1
1993 ‐ Q1
1994 ‐ Q1
1995 ‐ Q1
1996 ‐ Q1
1997 ‐ Q1
1998 ‐ Q1
1999 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q1
                  OH




2001 ‐ Q1
                  AZ




2002 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q1
2004 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q1
                       Home Price Index




2007 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q1
State Variations in Price Appreciation
                                           (% change from 2011 Q3 to 2012 Q3)

25

20
                    Many in Rocky Mountain States
15

10

5
                                                                                                                                  Mostly in Northeast
0
                                                     Utah
                                            Nevada




                                                                                   Michigan




                                                                                                                                             New Jersey




                                                                                                                                                                                         Maine
                            North Dakota




                                                                                              Colorado
     Arizona




                                                            Florida




                                                                                                                       Illinois
                                                                      California




                                                                                                         Connecticut




                                                                                                                                                          New Hampshire
                    Idaho




                                                                                                                                  New York




                                                                                                                                                                          Rhode Island
               DC




‐5




Source: FHFA Repeat Price Index
Forecast #3: More Unequal Wealth 
               Distribution
• Renters do not accumulate wealth
• Renter population rising
• Homeowners build wealth after buying at low 
  prices
• Stagnant homeowner population
• Tight Credit hinders ‘good’ renters from 
  becoming homeowners
• Investors becoming increasing share of property 
  owners
2000
                       4000
                              6000
                                     8000
                                            10000
                                                                  12000
                                                                          14000
                                                                                             16000




            0
2000 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q3
2001 ‐ Q1
2001 ‐ Q3
                                                                             In $ billion

2002 ‐ Q1
2002 ‐ Q3
2003 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q3
2004 ‐ Q1
2004 ‐ Q3
2005 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q3
2006 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q3
2007 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q3
2008 ‐ Q1
                                                                             Bubble growth




2008 ‐ Q3
2009 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q3
2010 ‐ Q1
                                                                                                     Net Equity in Real Estate




2010 ‐ Q3
2011 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q3
2012 ‐ Q1
                                              If 4% annual gain
Wealth Distribution 
               (Federal Reserve data on median net worth)

$300,000
                                                  Bubble Crash
$250,000

$200,000                                                         1998
                                                                 2001
$150,000
                                                                 2004
$100,000                                                         2007
                                                                 2010
 $50,000                                                         2014

      $0

                       Renter               Owner
2014 Forecast by NAR
25,000
                     27,000
                              29,000
                                       31,000
                                                33,000
                                                         35,000
                                                                  37,000
                                                                           39,000
                                                                                         41,000
1980 ‐ Q1
1981 ‐ Q1
1982 ‐ Q1
1983 ‐ Q1
1984 ‐ Q1
1985 ‐ Q1
                                                                                In thousands


1986 ‐ Q1
1987 ‐ Q1
1988 ‐ Q1
1989 ‐ Q1
1990 ‐ Q1
1991 ‐ Q1
1992 ‐ Q1
1993 ‐ Q1
1994 ‐ Q1
1995 ‐ Q1
1996 ‐ Q1
1997 ‐ Q1
1998 ‐ Q1
1999 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q1
2001 ‐ Q1
2002 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q1
                                                                                                  Renter Households 




2004 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q1
50,000
                     55,000
                              60,000
                                       65,000
                                                70,000
                                                         75,000
                                                                           80,000
1980 ‐ Q1
1981 ‐ Q1
1982 ‐ Q1
1983 ‐ Q1
1984 ‐ Q1
1985 ‐ Q1
                                                                  In thousands


1986 ‐ Q1
1987 ‐ Q1
1988 ‐ Q1
1989 ‐ Q1
1990 ‐ Q1
1991 ‐ Q1
1992 ‐ Q1
1993 ‐ Q1
1994 ‐ Q1
1995 ‐ Q1
1996 ‐ Q1
1997 ‐ Q1
1998 ‐ Q1
1999 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q1
2001 ‐ Q1
2002 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q1
2004 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q1
                                                                                    Homeowner Households




2006 ‐ Q1
2007 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q1
59
            60
            61
            62
            63
            64
            65
            66
            67
            68
            69
            70
             %
1965 ‐ Q1
1966 ‐ Q1
1967 ‐ Q1
1968 ‐ Q1
1969 ‐ Q1
1970 ‐ Q1
1971 ‐ Q1
1972 ‐ Q1
1973 ‐ Q1
1974 ‐ Q1
1975 ‐ Q1
1976 ‐ Q1
1977 ‐ Q1
1978 ‐ Q1
1979 ‐ Q1
1980 ‐ Q1
1981 ‐ Q1
1982 ‐ Q1
1983 ‐ Q1
1984 ‐ Q1
1985 ‐ Q1
1986 ‐ Q1
1987 ‐ Q1
1988 ‐ Q1
1989 ‐ Q1
1990 ‐ Q1
1991 ‐ Q1
1992 ‐ Q1
1993 ‐ Q1
                 (Lowest in 15 years)




1994 ‐ Q1
1995 ‐ Q1
1996 ‐ Q1
1997 ‐ Q1
1998 ‐ Q1
1999 ‐ Q1
2000 ‐ Q1
2001 ‐ Q1
2002 ‐ Q1
2003 ‐ Q1
2004 ‐ Q1
2005 ‐ Q1
2006 ‐ Q1
                                        Homeownership Rate at 65.5%




2007 ‐ Q1
2008 ‐ Q1
2009 ‐ Q1
2010 ‐ Q1
2011 ‐ Q1
2012 ‐ Q1
Household Formation
              (Usually 2/3 owners and 1/3 renters 
                 = 66% homeownership rate)
1.6
1.4
1.2
                                     All Renters
 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
 0




      Source: Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies
Economy Growing, though Slowly
 (No Fresh Recession because of Housing Recovery) 
                          Real GDP Growth Rate
4
     %
3

2

1

0
     2005   2006   2007    2008   2009   2010   2011   2012     2013 2014
‐1                                                            forecastforecast
‐2

‐3

‐4
Payroll Jobs Changes
                            (December to December) 
3
     In millions
2

1

0
     2005     2006   2007    2008   2009   2010   2011   2012     2013 2014
‐1                                                              forecastforecast

‐2

‐3

‐4

‐5

‐6
‐200
          ‐100
                   0
                       100
                             200
                                   300
                                         400
                                                     500
       2001 ‐ Q1
       2001 ‐ Q3
       2002 ‐ Q1                               $ billion

       2002 ‐ Q3
       2003 ‐ Q1
       2003 ‐ Q3
       2004 ‐ Q1
       2004 ‐ Q3
       2005 ‐ Q1
       2005 ‐ Q3
       2006 ‐ Q1
       2006 ‐ Q3
       2007 ‐ Q1
       2007 ‐ Q3
       2008 ‐ Q1
                                                           (excluding Federal Reserve) 




       2008 ‐ Q3
       2009 ‐ Q1
       2009 ‐ Q3
                                                                                          Financial Industry Profits




       2010 ‐ Q1
       2010 ‐ Q3
       2011 ‐ Q1
       2011 ‐ Q3
       2012 ‐ Q1
Risks to Forecast
• Upside … Credit Availability
   – Housing recovery so far even with tight credit
   – What happens if mortgage accessibility opens up?
   – Counter‐cyclical housing policy … lower FHA 
     premiums and lower GSE g‐fees
• Downside … Washington Policy
   – QRM 20% down payment requirement?
   – Basel 3 … capital rule that punishes private mortgage 
     with low down payment and commercial loans
   – Trim mortgage interest deduction?
   – Capital gains tax on home sale?
Forecast
                         (If Prolonged Fiscal Cliff is Avoided)

                 2011              2012              2013           2014
                                                     Forecast       Forecast
GDP Growth       +1.8%             +2.1%             +2.3%          3.0%

Existing Home    4.3 million       4.7 million       5.1 million    5.3 million
Sales

Housing Starts   610 K             780 K             1.1 million    1.3 million

Existing Home    ‐ 4%              + 7%              + 5%           + 4%
Price Growth

30‐yr Mortgage 4.7%                3.7%              4.1%           4.8%
Rate 
For Daily Update and Analysis


• Twitter 
    @NAR_Research

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OAR Winter Conference 2013

  • 1. Housing Market  and  Economic Outlook Lawrence Yun, Ph.D. Chief Economist NATIONAL ASSOCIATION  OF REALTORS® Presentation at Ohio Association of REALTORS® Columbus, OH January 14, 2013
  • 2. Forecast #1: Inflation will be Notably  Higher by 2015 • No Threatening Inflation Signs for 2013 • But Inflation rises to 4% to 6% in 2015 • Well above Fed’s preferred rate of 2% • But not in double‐digits as in 1970s
  • 3. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 ‐4 ‐2 1970 ‐ Jan 1972 ‐ Jan 1974 ‐ Jan 1976 ‐ Jan 1978 ‐ Jan 1980 ‐ Jan 1982 ‐ Jan 1984 ‐ Jan 1986 ‐ Jan Core 1988 ‐ Jan 1990 ‐ Jan 1992 ‐ Jan 1994 ‐ Jan 1996 ‐ Jan Overall 1998 ‐ Jan (% change from one year ago) 2000 ‐ Jan 2002 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jan Consumer Price Inflation 2006 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jan
  • 4. ‐1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2000 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jul 2001 ‐ Jan 2001 ‐ Jul 2002 ‐ Jan 2002 ‐ Jul 2003 ‐ Jan 2003 ‐ Jul 2004 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2005 ‐ Jan 2005 ‐ Jul 2006 ‐ Jan 2006 ‐ Jul Owners' Equivalent Rent 2007 ‐ Jan 2007 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Jul 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jul (the biggest weight to Consumer Price Index) Renters' Rent 2011 ‐ Jan 2011 ‐ Jul 2012 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jul Rising Renters’ and Homeowners’ Rent Growth 
  • 5. Percent of REALTORS® Reporting Changing  Rent  Levels as Compared to 12 Months Ago 60% Sept '12: Rising rent: 57% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Higher Rents Lower Rents Constant rents
  • 6. Monetary Policy by Federal Reserve  (zero rate policy to 2015 ?)  % Fed Funds 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
  • 7. Federal Reserve Balance Sheet from  Quantitative Easing Total Assets 3500000 $ million 3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 1‐Aug‐07 1‐Aug‐08 1‐Aug‐09 1‐Aug‐10 1‐Aug‐11 1‐Aug‐12
  • 8. 500000 0 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000 1970 ‐ Jan 1972 ‐ Jan 1974 ‐ Jan 1976 ‐ Jan 1978 ‐ Jan 1980 ‐ Jan 1982 ‐ Jan 1984 ‐ Jan 12‐month tally in $ million 1986 ‐ Jan Revenue 1988 ‐ Jan 1990 ‐ Jan 1992 ‐ Jan 1994 ‐ Jan 1996 ‐ Jan Spending 1998 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jan Federal Government  2002 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jan Tax Revenue and Spending 2006 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jan
  • 9. Huge Federal Budget Deficit  … Will Push Up Borrowing Cost and/or Ignite Inflation 4 Deficit in relation to GDP 2 0 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 ‐2‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐4 ‐6 ‐8 ‐10 ‐12
  • 10. Impact to Deficit • Mortgage Interest Deduction … $90 billion – Not the source of the current budget deficit since  MID was present for nearly 100 years • Interest Rates Revert back to historical  average … $300 billion in extra interest  expense
  • 11. 0 5 10 15 20 ‐5 1971 ‐ Jan 1973 ‐ Jan 1975 ‐ Jan 1977 ‐ Jan 1979 ‐ Jan 1981 ‐ Jan 1983 ‐ Jan 1985 ‐ Jan 1987 ‐ Jan 1989 ‐ Jan 1991 ‐ Jan 30‐year Mortgage Rate 1993 ‐ Jan 1995 ‐ Jan 1997 ‐ Jan 1999 ‐ Jan Mortgage Rates 2001 ‐ Jan 2003 ‐ Jan 2005 ‐ Jan Inflation Rate 2007 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Jan Declining Inflation Helped Lower  2011 ‐ Jan
  • 12. Mortgage Rate Forecast (Average Rate of 5.5% in 2015 ?)  30‐year Mortgage % 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Modestly higher rates could help home sales as banks re‐staff mortgage  work for home purchase applications and less refinance applications.
  • 13. Forecast #2: Meaningfully Higher  Home Prices • Demand is Up … Supply is Down • 4% to 5% in 2012 (Case‐Shiller, FHFA) • 5% to 7% in 2012 (Median Home Price) • Home price growth could slow or accelerate … all  depends on housing starts • Probably 15% cumulative growth over 3 years
  • 14. 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 2008 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Apr 2008 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Oct 2009 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Apr 2009 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Oct Buyer 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Apr 2010 ‐ Jul 2010 ‐ Oct Seller 2011 ‐ Jan 2011 ‐ Apr 2011 ‐ Jul from REALTOR® Survey Buyer and Seller Traffic  2011 ‐ Oct 2012 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Apr 2012 ‐ Jul
  • 15. 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 2007 ‐ Jan 2007 ‐ Apr 2007 ‐ Jul Source: NAR 2007 ‐ Oct 2008 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Apr 2008 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Oct 2009 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Apr Homebuyer Tax Credit 2009 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Oct 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Apr 2010 ‐ Jul (Seasonally Adjusted) 2010 ‐ Oct 2011 ‐ Jan 2011 ‐ Apr 2011 ‐ July 2011 ‐ Oct 2012 ‐ Jan 2012‐Apr 2012 ‐ Jul 2012 ‐ Oct Monthly Pending Home Sales Index
  • 16. Annual Existing Home Sales Closings: U‐Shaped Recovery 8 In million units 7 7.08 6 6.52 5 5.7 5.4 5.02 5.1 4 4.69 4.12 4.34 4.18 4.26 3 2 1 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2012 est.
  • 17. Ohio Housing Statistics • Sales up 14% year‐to‐date   • Prices up 5% in November  • Dollar Volume … up 20% • REALTOR®… up from 28 and 49  (from bad to normal) • Inventories down 15% from 1 year ago  • Inventories down 41% from 2 years ago 
  • 18. Household Formation Bursting Out (in millions) 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00
  • 19. 124000 126000 128000 130000 132000 134000 136000 138000 2000 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jul 2001 ‐ Jan 2001 ‐ Jul 140000 In thousands 2002 ‐ Jan 2002 ‐ Jul 2003 ‐ Jan 2003 ‐ Jul 2004 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2005 ‐ Jan 2005 ‐ Jul 2006 ‐ Jan 2006 ‐ Jul 2007 ‐ Jan 2007 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Jan U.S. Total Payroll Jobs 2009 ‐ Jul 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jul (Recovered 63% of jobs lost) 2011 ‐ Jan 2011 ‐ Jul 2012 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jul
  • 20. 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 2000 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jul 2001 ‐ Jan 2001 ‐ Jul 2002 ‐ Jan In thousands 2002 ‐ Jul 2003 ‐ Jan 2003 ‐ Jul 2004 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2005 ‐ Jan 2005 ‐ Jul 2006 ‐ Jan 2006 ‐ Jul 2007 ‐ Jan 2007 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Jan (Lost Decade) 2008 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Jul Ohio Total Payroll Jobs 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jul 2011 ‐ Jan 2011 ‐ Jul 2012 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jul
  • 21. Ohio Total Payroll Jobs Long‐term since 1939 6000 In thousands 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1939 1945 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
  • 22. 54% 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% 66% 2000 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jul 2001 ‐ Jan 2001 ‐ Jul 2002 ‐ Jan 2002 ‐ Jul 2003 ‐ Jan 2003 ‐ Jul 2004 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2005 ‐ Jan 2005 ‐ Jul 2006 ‐ Jan 2006 ‐ Jul 2007 ‐ Jan 2007 ‐ Jul 2008 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jul 2009 ‐ Jan 2009 ‐ Jul 2010 ‐ Jan 2010 ‐ Jul (How many of the civilian population is working?) 2011 ‐ Jan Employment Rate … No Progress 2011 ‐ Jul 2012 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jul
  • 23. Visible Existing Home Inventory (Existing home inventory at 8‐year low) 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
  • 24. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 1964 ‐ Jan 1966 ‐ Jan 1968 ‐ Jan 1970 ‐ Jan 1972 ‐ Jan 1974 ‐ Jan 1976 ‐ Jan 1978 ‐ Jan 1980 ‐ Jan 1982 ‐ Jan 1984 ‐ Jan 1986 ‐ Jan 1988 ‐ Jan 1990 ‐ Jan 1992 ‐ Jan 1994 ‐ Jan 1996 ‐ Jan 1998 ‐ Jan 2000 ‐ Jan 2002 ‐ Jan 2004 ‐ Jan Visible New Home Inventory 2006 ‐ Jan 2008 ‐ Jan (Newly Constructed Homes Inventory at 50‐year low) 2010 ‐ Jan 2012 ‐ Jan
  • 25. Housing Starts (Well Below 50‐year average of 1.5 million each year) multifamily single‐family Thousand units (annualized) 2500 2000 Long‐term Average 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan ‐ Jan
  • 26. 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Ohio Housing Permits 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
  • 27. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 2000 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q3 2001 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q3 2002 ‐ Q1 2002 ‐ Q3 2003 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q3 2004 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q3 2010 ‐ Q1 million units 2010 ‐ Q3 2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q3 2012 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q3 Shadow Inventory … Falling 2015 … 5% 2014 … 8% (Seriously delinquent mortgage + homes in foreclosure process) 2013 … 15% 2012 … 25% 2011 … 33% 2010 … 33%  Market Share Distressed Sales 
  • 28. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 % 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q2 2005 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q4 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q2 2006 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q4 2007 ‐ Q1 • Vacant property 2007 ‐ Q2 2007 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q4 2008 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q2 CT 2008 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q4 IL 2009 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q2 2009 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q4 2010 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q2 • Missed Mortgages for 6 months or longer  2010 ‐ Q3 2010 ‐ Q4 2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q2 2011 ‐ Q3 Example Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in CT and IL 2011 ‐ Q4 2012 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q2 Foreclosures Clogged in Judicial States  Should a trigger be set up to foreclose without a court approval? 
  • 29. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 % 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q2 2005 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q4 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q2 2006 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q4 2007 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q2 2007 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q4 2008 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q2 AZ 2008 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q4 2009 ‐ Q1 MI 2009 ‐ Q2 2009 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q4 2010 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q2 2010 ‐ Q3 2010 ‐ Q4 in Non‐Judicial States  2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q2 Foreclosures Rapidly Falling  2011 ‐ Q3 2011 ‐ Q4 Example: Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in AZ, CA , MI 2012 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q2 2012 ‐ Q3
  • 30. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 % 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q2 2005 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q4 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q2 2006 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q4 2007 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q2 2007 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q4 2008 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q2 2008 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q4 2009 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q2 2009 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q4 Ohio Shadow 2010 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q2 2010 ‐ Q3 2010 ‐ Q4 2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q2 2011 ‐ Q3 2011 ‐ Q4 2012 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q2 2012 ‐ Q3
  • 31. Home Prices Metric % change from one year ago Comment NAR + 10.1% (November) Mix of homes impact price …   Median Price fewer distressed sales recently … Case‐Shiller +4.3% (Aug, Sep, Oct average) Lagging indicator Near double‐digit on an  annualized basis in recent months FHFA  + 5.6% (October) 9 straights months of gain National FHFA +3.0% (Third Quarter) 3 straight quarters of gain Connecticut
  • 32. 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 1990 ‐ Q1 1991 ‐ Q1 1992 ‐ Q1 1993 ‐ Q1 1994 ‐ Q1 1995 ‐ Q1 1996 ‐ Q1 1997 ‐ Q1 1998 ‐ Q1 1999 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q1 OH 2001 ‐ Q1 AZ 2002 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q1 Home Price Index 2007 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q1
  • 33. State Variations in Price Appreciation (% change from 2011 Q3 to 2012 Q3) 25 20 Many in Rocky Mountain States 15 10 5 Mostly in Northeast 0 Utah Nevada Michigan New Jersey Maine North Dakota Colorado Arizona Florida Illinois California Connecticut New Hampshire Idaho New York Rhode Island DC ‐5 Source: FHFA Repeat Price Index
  • 34. Forecast #3: More Unequal Wealth  Distribution • Renters do not accumulate wealth • Renter population rising • Homeowners build wealth after buying at low  prices • Stagnant homeowner population • Tight Credit hinders ‘good’ renters from  becoming homeowners • Investors becoming increasing share of property  owners
  • 35. 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 0 2000 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q3 2001 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q3 In $ billion 2002 ‐ Q1 2002 ‐ Q3 2003 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q3 2004 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q1 Bubble growth 2008 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q3 2010 ‐ Q1 Net Equity in Real Estate 2010 ‐ Q3 2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q3 2012 ‐ Q1 If 4% annual gain
  • 36. Wealth Distribution  (Federal Reserve data on median net worth) $300,000 Bubble Crash $250,000 $200,000 1998 2001 $150,000 2004 $100,000 2007 2010 $50,000 2014 $0 Renter Owner 2014 Forecast by NAR
  • 37. 25,000 27,000 29,000 31,000 33,000 35,000 37,000 39,000 41,000 1980 ‐ Q1 1981 ‐ Q1 1982 ‐ Q1 1983 ‐ Q1 1984 ‐ Q1 1985 ‐ Q1 In thousands 1986 ‐ Q1 1987 ‐ Q1 1988 ‐ Q1 1989 ‐ Q1 1990 ‐ Q1 1991 ‐ Q1 1992 ‐ Q1 1993 ‐ Q1 1994 ‐ Q1 1995 ‐ Q1 1996 ‐ Q1 1997 ‐ Q1 1998 ‐ Q1 1999 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q1 2002 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q1 Renter Households  2004 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q1
  • 38. 50,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 1980 ‐ Q1 1981 ‐ Q1 1982 ‐ Q1 1983 ‐ Q1 1984 ‐ Q1 1985 ‐ Q1 In thousands 1986 ‐ Q1 1987 ‐ Q1 1988 ‐ Q1 1989 ‐ Q1 1990 ‐ Q1 1991 ‐ Q1 1992 ‐ Q1 1993 ‐ Q1 1994 ‐ Q1 1995 ‐ Q1 1996 ‐ Q1 1997 ‐ Q1 1998 ‐ Q1 1999 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q1 2002 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q1 Homeowner Households 2006 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q1
  • 39. 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 % 1965 ‐ Q1 1966 ‐ Q1 1967 ‐ Q1 1968 ‐ Q1 1969 ‐ Q1 1970 ‐ Q1 1971 ‐ Q1 1972 ‐ Q1 1973 ‐ Q1 1974 ‐ Q1 1975 ‐ Q1 1976 ‐ Q1 1977 ‐ Q1 1978 ‐ Q1 1979 ‐ Q1 1980 ‐ Q1 1981 ‐ Q1 1982 ‐ Q1 1983 ‐ Q1 1984 ‐ Q1 1985 ‐ Q1 1986 ‐ Q1 1987 ‐ Q1 1988 ‐ Q1 1989 ‐ Q1 1990 ‐ Q1 1991 ‐ Q1 1992 ‐ Q1 1993 ‐ Q1 (Lowest in 15 years) 1994 ‐ Q1 1995 ‐ Q1 1996 ‐ Q1 1997 ‐ Q1 1998 ‐ Q1 1999 ‐ Q1 2000 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q1 2002 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q1 Homeownership Rate at 65.5% 2007 ‐ Q1 2008 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q1 2012 ‐ Q1
  • 40. Household Formation (Usually 2/3 owners and 1/3 renters  = 66% homeownership rate) 1.6 1.4 1.2 All Renters 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Source: Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies
  • 41. Economy Growing, though Slowly (No Fresh Recession because of Housing Recovery)  Real GDP Growth Rate 4 % 3 2 1 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ‐1 forecastforecast ‐2 ‐3 ‐4
  • 42. Payroll Jobs Changes (December to December)  3 In millions 2 1 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ‐1 forecastforecast ‐2 ‐3 ‐4 ‐5 ‐6
  • 43. ‐200 ‐100 0 100 200 300 400 500 2001 ‐ Q1 2001 ‐ Q3 2002 ‐ Q1 $ billion 2002 ‐ Q3 2003 ‐ Q1 2003 ‐ Q3 2004 ‐ Q1 2004 ‐ Q3 2005 ‐ Q1 2005 ‐ Q3 2006 ‐ Q1 2006 ‐ Q3 2007 ‐ Q1 2007 ‐ Q3 2008 ‐ Q1 (excluding Federal Reserve)  2008 ‐ Q3 2009 ‐ Q1 2009 ‐ Q3 Financial Industry Profits 2010 ‐ Q1 2010 ‐ Q3 2011 ‐ Q1 2011 ‐ Q3 2012 ‐ Q1
  • 44. Risks to Forecast • Upside … Credit Availability – Housing recovery so far even with tight credit – What happens if mortgage accessibility opens up? – Counter‐cyclical housing policy … lower FHA  premiums and lower GSE g‐fees • Downside … Washington Policy – QRM 20% down payment requirement? – Basel 3 … capital rule that punishes private mortgage  with low down payment and commercial loans – Trim mortgage interest deduction? – Capital gains tax on home sale?
  • 45. Forecast (If Prolonged Fiscal Cliff is Avoided) 2011 2012 2013 2014 Forecast Forecast GDP Growth +1.8% +2.1% +2.3% 3.0% Existing Home  4.3 million 4.7 million 5.1 million  5.3 million Sales Housing Starts 610 K 780 K 1.1 million 1.3 million Existing Home  ‐ 4% + 7% + 5% + 4% Price Growth 30‐yr Mortgage 4.7% 3.7% 4.1% 4.8% Rate 
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