This paper relates the discourse of the new pan Africanism paradigm to the logic of civil society actions through professional training in disaster risk and humanitarian management. In doing so, the paper analysis the challenges and the root causes of conflict which has put the stability and resilience of development in Africa under strain with a particular focus on their relation to disaster risk management and humanitarian response by looking at recent risk factors affecting peace, security and development which most often results to strive and refugee movements. The first section of the paper explores the sources of inspiration (symposium organized by United Nations Peace University UPEACE ‘Africa Dignity Forum, Addis Ababa, 2015’) which guided the academic pedagogy of the paper. The second and third sections analyses how the logic of this analysis fits into the mission and pan Africanist philosophy of the Pan African Institute for Development as an international association whose activities reflects the increasing role of civil society organizations to assist governments in the implementation of public policy, governance and security. The fifth and final sections of the paper focuses on the partnership that has been established by the Pan African institute for Development and other international organizations who bear the same mission and whose activities as civil society organizations reflects commonalities with the paradigm of the new pan Africanism by relating the absence or threat to peace, development, governance, human rights, disaster risk and security and environmental hazards to instability and underdevelopment. By this measure, the section outlines the structural dynamics and specific actions outlined by the African Union (AU Agenda 2063. Aspiration 6: Relying on the potential of Africans which is people driven/participation in decision making process and empowerment of women and youths) in its role as the forbearer of the new pan Africanism and enabler of Africa’s transformation in relation to emergency and disaster risk and humanitarian management .

1. Relating the New Pan Africanism Paradigm to the Logic of Civil Society
Action through Professional Training in Disaster Risk and Humanitarian
Management
By Dr. Daniel EKONGWE
Pan African Institute for Development (PAID) 2019
Abstract
This paper examines the structural dynamics that relating the discourse of the new pan
Africanism paradigm to the logic of civil society actions through professional training in
disaster risk and humanitarian management. In doing so, the paper analysis the challenges and
the root causes of conflict which has put the stability and resilience of development in Africa
under strain with a particular focus on their relation to disaster risk management and
humanitarian response by looking at recent risk factors affecting peace, security and
development which most often results to strive and refugee movements. The first section of
the paper explores the sources of inspiration (symposium organized by United Nations Peace
University UPEACE ‘Africa Dignity Forum, Addis Ababa, 2015’) which guided the academic
pedagogy of the paper. The second and third sections analyses how the logic of this analysis
fits into the mission and pan Africanist philosophy of the Pan African Institute for
Development as an international association whose activities reflects the increasing role of
civil society organizations to assist governments in the implementation of public policy,
governance and security. The fifth and final sections of the paper focuses on the partnership
that has been established by the Pan African institute for Development and other international
organizations who bear the same mission and whose activities as civil society organizations
reflects commonalities with the paradigm of the new pan Africanism by relating the absence
or threat to peace, development, governance, human rights, disaster risk and security and
environmental hazards to instability and underdevelopment. By this measure, the section
outlines the structural dynamics and specific actions outlined by the African Union (AU
Agenda 2063. Aspiration 6: Relying on the potential of Africans which is people
driven/participation in decision making process and empowerment of women and youths) in
its role as the forbearer of the new pan Africanism and enabler of Africa’s transformation in
relation to emergency and disaster risk and humanitarian management1
.
1. Introduction
In August 2015, I was invited to participate in an international symposium on peace, security
and governance in Africa, organized by the Africa Program of the UN University for peace
with support from the University of Addis Ababa University of Tanzania and South Africa in
collaboration with the African Union and the government of Sudan. The symposium was
styled ‘African Dignity Forum’. I was privileged to be a key speaker in one of the intervening
groups of academics during the plenary session which focused on pan Africanism and new
World Order. Incidentally, my paper was titled ‘Pan Africanism and the Challenges of the
Post-Cold War World Order’. One of my take-aways from the symposium was the importance
of African academics in re-inventing the paradigm of peace, security and development.
1
PAID Activity Report 2011-2012, 2014-2015. See also UPEACE Africa Policy Series Vol. 1 No 2. August
2014. See also African Union Popular Version (2016) Agenda 2063. The Africa We Want. See also KAMDEM
Emmanuel and EKONGWE Daniel, (2019) The Management Approach to Humanitarian Response. Training
Manual for Intensive Professional Training in Humanitarian Management.

2. It was clear from the symposium and from my paper that the continuous challenges of
sustainable peace, security, governance and socio-economic development are not new to the
African continent. After all, over several decades following the end of the cold war various
attempts to implement positive and constructive peace, as well as concerted and sustainable
development have been perturbed by environmental and man-made hazards, armed conflicts,
and manipulation by both internal and external forces sometimes beyond the control of
African states.
It also was clear from the inter-change of knowledge from the symposium that the genuine
African academic and intellectual committee should engage with research and pedagogic
methodology that creates widespread curriculum covering a whole lot of new areas that bring
the discourse of peace, security and development in the fore. The presumption was that the
academics will seek collaboration and partnership with the Civil Society and non-
governmental organizations to establish a platform for innovation action, project and policy
that promote development and reduce the risk and fracas of underdevelopment. Armed with
this logic I picked and focused my research on Peace and development studies with a focus on
Africa. This has been my area of contribution since I joined the Pan African Institute for
Development and the evidence of which can be found in my publications on sustainable
peace, security and development as well as lectures at PAID-WA, Buea from 2013-2018.
Together with the late Dr NDE FRU we created and expanded the postgraduate program on
Peace, Conflict Resolution and International Relations which has lasted as most attractive
program of the institute.
While Pioneering efforts of Pan Africanism focused on vindicating the black race, promoting
inter-state African relations and the encouragement of independent and sustainable
development, the African renaissance or as others may like to call it the new Pan Africanism
focuses on the role of civil societies in assisting governments to achieve sustainable peace and
development. What this means is that without effective knowledge and capacity to prevent,
handle and rehabilitate disaster peace and development cannot be sustainable. Peace, security
and development in Africa have often been jeopardized because of the lack of mastery or
certain challenges like natural and man-made disasters which hold back development for
several decades.
The effect of disasters and humanitarian crisis can erode years of development gains at
different levels and if not addressed appropriately they can render organizations, communities
and families dysfunctional. With the increasing magnitude and impacts of disasters due to
climate change, rapid urbanization, armed and violent conflict disaster risk and humanitarian
management should be deeply embedded in academic and organizational culture and
structures. It should not only be seen as a responsibility of the government but a process that
demands the collective participation of the civil society and NGOs in partnership with the
UN, AU and the Red Cross organizations. From an academic perspective within the logic of
the African renaissance the course explores disaster risk and humanitarian management
concepts and practices using practical examples from international to community level as a
paradigm shift from accusatory rhetoric’s to participatory logic2
.
2
Ekongwe Daniel, Sustaining Peace, Security and Development in Plateau Stae, Nigeria;
……..Post-Cold War World Order (2018). See also Herbert, S. & Idris, I. (2018). Refugees in Uganda: (in)
stability, conflict, and resilience. Rapid Literature Review. Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of
Birmingham

3. Disaster risk and humanitarian management involves the study of all types of risks that would
occur in a community, and focuses on the effective response and implementation of practical
methods to reduce the effects of natural or man-made crisis situations. Emergency and
disaster management courses train professionals who can appropriately prepare populations
for a disaster before it occurs. The training programmes offer skills, capacity and knowledge
related to disaster response methods and the effective ways of repairing any resulting damage.
Disaster prevention activities focus on reducing vulnerability and strengthening communities
nationwide by identifying various security needs. The program is similar to other disciplines
like international development and public policy whose curricula will offer students
information and professional knowledge on terrorism, emergency planning, homeland
security, methods in disaster research, community emergency management and the economics
of hazards and disasters.
The professional training will offer the participants and students the ability to analyse factors
and strategies that play a crucial role in states of disasters and humanitarian crisis and will
also equip students with critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to lead in complex
and dangerous situations which are common to peace and development projects by
participating in different disaster simulations and learning to identify the different
responsibilities of all the stake holders.
From the above we can see that a new kind of Pan-Africanism has emerged which emphasises
the interlinkages between development, peace and security, governance and economic
integration. According to this approach (Action Aid and the Open Society Initiative) the civil
society needs to develop strategies to critically engage inter-state and regional bodies in
Africa to advance pro-poor and people-centred programmes and one way to get this done is a
participatory approach that would enable civil society to shape the new Pan-African
architecture in the spirit of peace and development.
There is a resurgence of pan-Africanism and the creation of the African Union (AU) is a
testament to the recognition that development, conflict prevention and democratic governance
are interlinked rather than competing objectives. With the launching of the New African
Partnership for Development (NEPAD) by the AU an ambitious plan for reform and
innovation was established. A corner stone to this ambitious program is the role and
engagement of civil society organizations as an extension of governmental interests.
Civil society organisations (CSOs) need to develop innovative strategies to engage with
Africa’s new inter-state bodies and such engagement should also be extended through
partnerships with regional organisations that share common vision for peace, security and
development as the main concern of the new pan Africanism.
1.1 Course Aim
The course is designed to provide professional training to disaster risk and humanitarian
management personnel and persons training to enter the industry with a holistic understanding
of the importance of emergency preparedness in relation to disaster risk and Humanitarian
Response; and the ability to conduct plan, preparation, development, implementation, and
sustainability. The humanitarian practitioners will be updated on the trends of humanitarian
interventions from a global perspective and will pay specific reference to Africa. The course
also aims to establish and foster cooperation and coordination between individuals and the
institutions engaged in Disaster Risk and Humanitarian Action.

4. 1.2 Course Description
The intensive one week course will be conducted as bilingual series (French and English)
through a combination of interactive presentations, case studies and small exercises, and a
scenario-based exercise to conclude the training.
1.3 Course Objectives
Pedagogic objective.
To relate the paradigm of new pan Africanism to the logic of civil societies activities through
professional training in disaster risk and humanitarian management.
Specific objectives
The course seeks to enable Humanitarian Management practitioners to be able to:
 Identify the core components of the humanitarian management cycle;
 Identify the benefits of using a “whole community” approach to humanitarian
emergency response;
 Understand the UN Global Compact for Refugees within the Global Compact for Safe,
Orderly and Regular Migration
 List specified and implied tasks given in a senior leader’s intent;
 Develop a plan mission statement
 Employ the SMART method to write objectives based on a humanitarian scenario;
 Prepare information Analysis Brief (IAB) /Progress Brief based on a scenario to
determine if humanitarian planning efforts should be continued or suspended3
.
1.4 Expected Outcomes
On completion of the course, participants should be able to;
 Define Disaster risk and Humanitarian Action;
 Understand emergency preparedness and the international coordination and response
mechanism;
 Describe the initial steps of the Planning Cycle that support plan Preparation within
the Spheres Standards;
 Apply plan development concepts covered in the planning cycle using a humanitarian
scenario;
 Determine when plans should be reviewed and updated.
2. How does PAID fit in the above paradigm
To mission of PAID is to support the economic, social and cultural development of African
countries through action-research, support-consultancy, and the training of African staff to
enable them to assume responsibilities at various levels with the participation of the
population, in order to achieve self-development and improve their living conditions. This
gives premise to the mandate or vision of PAID which is centered on the precept of concerted,
decent and sustainable development of the African continent without distinction of race,
nationality, religious origin or belief.
A variety of opportunities are opening up for the strengthening of civil society engagement
with inter-state bodies and regional organisations.
 The AU has created the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) to
provide an interface between the Union and African civil society. The launching of
3
KAMDEM Emmanuel and EKONGWE Daniel, (2019) The Management Approach to Humanitarian Response.
Training Manual for Intensive Professional Training in Humanitarian Management.

5. ECOSOCC should be completed as soon as possible to enable adequate consultation
and partnership.
 NEPAD has created a civil society desk and promotes information sharing with CSOs.
 SADC has created an NGO liaison desk and the recent restructuring of SADC presents
new opportunities for CSO engagement, particularly through the creation of national
SADC committees.
 SACU does not have a well-developed policy on civil society. Non-southern African
civil society organisations that are abreast with customs and excise issues could
initiate meaningful dialogue with SACU.
 COMESA acknowledges the need for engagement with CSOs as a means to enhance
its weak structures and poor policy-making capacities. This suggests that civil society
organizations may have an enormous scope to become partners and influence its
processes.
The new African agenda represents a break with the traditional model of inter-state relations
or state-dominated and elite-driven development by calling for concertation, community
participation and people-centred and participatory approaches. We can argue that such a new
participatory paradigm can only be achieved if both governments and civil society adopt a
deliberative approach to governance and policy-making in Africa. Deliberative policy-making
requires that civil society actors take steps to:
 Engage in critical dialogue: dialogue should be carried out on a regular basis on issues
affecting the new Pan-African agenda such as poverty, environmental hazards, risk
management and security, trade, governance, human rights and conflict and
humanitarian response;
 Encourage public participation in public policy processes: this involves moving away
from processes that are dominated by government and elites and calls for greater
accessibility, openness and representation;
 Play an oversight and representative role: civil society should engage and influence
government decision-making to ensure that marginalised and poor sectors of society
have access and can participate;
 Engage with the executive and organs of decision-making: civil society needs to be
effective, not only in the implementation of projects or policy, but also in the creation,
evaluation, monitoring and institutionalisation of projects and policy;
 Create participatory spaces for new actors and voices: CSOs must campaign for
inclusive policy-making and convince governments that participation leads to effective
policies and gives legitimacy to governance processes.
3. PAID‘s Professional Training in Disaster Risk and Humanitarian Management
The collection of training modules in disaster risk and humanitarian management is a part of
PAID’s Peace, Security and Development program and is the first of PAID’s capacity
building program in disaster risk and humanitarian management which was launched in
March 2019 as part of a collaborative effort/platform with the African Union Permanent
Representation in Cameroon, the Cameroon Red Cross, the National Commission on Human
Rights and Freedoms and the Ministry of Employment and Vocational Training. The program
in its second series has moved up the agenda of the new pan Africanism by entering to
partnership with the United Nations University for Peace (UPEACE). By this partnership
venture we accept the logic that there can be no peace without development and no
development without peace;

6. Mindful of the fact that UPEACE by virtue of United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
Resolution No A/RES/35/55 has over Forty years of experience and expertise in peace studies
and mindful of the fact that PAID has over Fifty five years of experience and expertise in
development training and study, the program involves the intensive professional training of
practitioners, students and prospective practitioners from different backgrounds with the aim
of enhancing their capacity and management skills through methodology, lecture, practical
knowledge and training workshops. The partnership with UPEAC is laced to its mission by as
approved by Article of UN General Assembly on December 5 1980. It states that the
University for peace was established ‘to provide humanity with an international institution of
higher education for peace, with the aim of promoting among all human beings a spirit of
understanding, tolerance and peaceful coexistence, to stimulate cooperation among peoples,
and help lessen obstacles and threats to world peace and progress in keeping with the noble
aspiration proclaimed in the charter of the United Nations’.
4. The Position of the African Union on Disaster Risk and Humanitarian
Management
When disaster strikes and there is humanitarian crisis the result is that the community or
country is faced with a refugee crises or problems of internally displaced persons which can
last for many months or years. In 1969, the 6th
session of the OAU adopted its own Protocol
for refugees. The OAU Protocol incorporated the 1951 UN Convention on refugees, but
expanded the definition of who is a refugee holding that a refugee is anyone who through
aggression, occupation, foreign domination, or events gravely disturbing public order in part,
or in all of his country of origin, or the country of which he has nationality, is obliged to leave
his usual place of residence to seek refuge outside this country (OAU 1969, Article 1)4
. This
provision has been brought to the fore by the African Union charter which holds that:
a. The Constitutive Act of the African Union takes cognizance of the fact that the
scourge of conflicts in Africa constitutes a major impediment to the socio-economic
development of the continent. It also recognizes the need to promote peace, security
and stability as prerequisites for the implementation of Africa’s long-term
development and integration agenda.
b. The African Union Humanitarian Policy Framework (The Framework) complements
the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), the African Governance
Architecture and various relevant international initiatives on humanitarian activities in
Africa. The Framework recognizes extant international norms and standards on the
various aspects and scope of humanitarian action. It further recognizes the linkages
between humanitarian assistance, peace and security, natural and human-induced
disasters and development issues.
c. The Framework provides an overarching framework and a broad intent of the African
Union. The policy does not address process and procedural issues. Accordingly, the
Framework establishes a strategic approach and guidelines in support of the core aims
of humanitarian action: to preserve, protect and save lives, alleviate suffering and
enhance physical security and human dignity. The Framework also complements and
supports the policies of AU Member States, Regional Economic Communities
(RECs), the international community, United Nations (UN) agencies, International
Civil Defense Organization (ICDO), the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement,
national and international NGOs and other humanitarian actors and stakeholders.
4
African Union, Popular Version (2016) Agenda 2063, The Africa we want

7. d. Africa hosts large numbers of displaced populations and other categories of affected
persons as a result of conflicts, natural and man-made disasters, and displacement
propelled by development projects are also evident. The AU therefore undertakes,
through this framework and in accordance with relevant AU and international
Instruments on protection and assistance to:
i. support the efforts of the Member States to protect and assist displaced
populations;
ii. strengthen its institutional framework and capacity with respect to protection and
assistance to displaced populations and affected populations and other categories
of
affected populations;
iii. collaborate with, and encourage Member States to collaborate with each other and
with international organizations and humanitarian agencies, civil society
organizations and other relevant actors in accordance with their mandates;
iv. support measures taken by Member States and RECs to protect and assist
displaced and affected populations;
v. encourage Member States and RECs to share information with the African Union
and its relevant Organs on humanitarian situations in their countries especially on
the
situation of displaced persons in Africa;
vi. urge Member States to sign, ratify and enact necessary laws and policies to
implement relevant AU protection instruments;
vii. encourage Member States to cooperate with and support the Special Rapporteur of
the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights for Refugees, Returnees,
IDPs and Asylum Seekers in addressing issues of displaced persons;
viii.encourage all relevant partners to honor their obligations with respect to
humanitarian support to refugees, asylum seekers, returnees, stateless persons and
IDPs;
ix. Promote special measures for the protection of women, vulnerable groups
especially
children, youth, the elderly and people with disabilities in humanitarian situations.
By the above measure the African Union has developed a framework outlining the structural
dynamics and specific actions envisaged by the program AU Agenda 2063 especially in its
Aspiration 6 which specifically acclaims the need for Africa to rely on the potential of its
people and driven by participatory decision making process and the empowerment of its
women and youths in its role as the forbearer of the new pan Africanism and enabler of
Africa’s transformation in relation to emergency and disaster risk and humanitarian
management. The objectives of the AU Framework are to:
 Protect and assist with full respect to national legislations, and support in cases of
conflict, development projects and natural and human-induced disasters, persons in
need of humanitarian assistance; taking into consideration the special needs of women
and vulnerable groups especially, children, youth, the elderly and people with special
needs;
 support and promote, the prevention and alleviation of abuses and its effects, and the
restoration of dignified conditions of life;
 support the capacity of RECs based on their respective responsibilities and mandates
in accordance with international law to build resilience according to particular context
of communities against conflicts in a way that does not alter the legal status of those

8. communities, development projects, natural and human-induced disasters, especially
those that undermine human security and sustainable development;
 promote dialogue and create enabling space for coordinated humanitarian action and
exchange of good practices;
 enhance humanitarian coordination, where appropriate, including AU Member State
civil-military humanitarian coordination and with traditional leaders, women groups,
faith based organizations and host communities that will create appropriate interaction
on peace, security and transition programs to address root causes of insecurity and
vulnerability;
 promote the protection of stateless persons or persons at risk of statelessness, and
promote the resolution of statelessness and right to nationality, in accordance with
1954 International Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness; relevant AU
Instruments and national laws;
 strengthen planning through research and reliable data; and humanitarian information
management and exchange in support of Member States and RECs;
 promote strategies and measures to support host communities to cope with the impact
of hosting displaced populations; including specific measures for protection and
restoration of the environment in affected areas;
 enhance partnerships and resource mobilization
5. The context and rationale of relating a new Pan Africanism to the logic of civil
society action through professional training in disaster and humanitarian
management
Historically, Africa has been seized with disaster and humanitarian crises leaving the
continent as one of the most affected continent with refugee problems (Africa remains a
region where 75% of humanitarian activity is undertaken)5
. The Convention Governing the
Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems which was anchored on the African culture of
hospitality and solidarity (community and participatory models of development) as a Pan-
African solution to the humanitarian crisis of refugees.
The 1979 Arusha Conference and the two international conferences on Refugees in Africa
(1991 and 1994) reinforced the basic principles elaborated in the OAU Convention on
Refugees. Since the Arusha conference, the OAU/AU has convened more than five high level
meetings including those in Addis Ababa in 1994, Khartoum in 1998, Banjul - the Gambia
and Ouagadougou in 2006 and Kampala in October 2009. These conferences extensively
deliberated and produced key position documents and declarations on humanitarian crises in
Africa. Since then, Africa in particular and the world in general have been facing a rapidly
changing disaster and humanitarian landscape exacerbated by the increased effects of climate
change.
The core aims of AU’s humanitarian action are to preserve, protect and save lives,
alleviate suffering and enhance physical and human security and dignity of affected
populations as a core pan African approach to sustainable peace and development. The thrust
of this policy therefore, is to strengthen Africa’s humanitarian governance by enhancing the
AU's leadership role and mandate through providing strategic approaches and guidelines for
African Union led efforts in conformity with African Shared Values, and norms and standards
for humanitarian action on the African continent; in full respect of international law; and on
5
Ekongwe Daniel (2016) Migration, Multi-culturalism and Clash of Cultures. See also Aderanti Adepoju (2008).
Migration in sub Saharan Africa. The Nordic African Institute No. 37

9. the other hand in strengthening the primary responsibility of Member States by strengthening
their predictive, preventive, response and adaptive capabilities.
The overall disaster and humanitarian situation and response in Africa remains a challenging
and major concern unless effective training and mechanisms are put in place. It is projected
that by 2015/25 persons affected by disasters each year will double from 250million per year
to over 375million. By 2030, the world’s population growth will be in urban areas of low
income countries, the urban population will peak 5billion in 2050, from 3.5billion today 737
million in 1950, Africa with 4% urban population in 1950 will have 15% in 2030, 1.3 billion
in 20501. These mega trends pose serious threats to human security and will lead to disasters
and humanitarian crises that could erode social economic gains the continent could have
registered.
In spite of all these challenges and efforts, Africa still lacks a comprehensive and
overarching disaster and humanitarian community or policy framework. The existing
humanitarian and disaster management mechanisms are weak and insufficient – case in point
is the lack of effective response to the flooding that hit Madagascar and Mozambique in 2019.
Humanitarian challenges in Africa are exacerbated by the erosion of respect for the core
humanitarian principles, which exist in conflict situations, in implementation of
development projects, in natural and human-induced disasters. This professional training
therefore aims to support and reinforce respect for and compliance with humanitarian
principles and the full respect of international law.
As a result, one of the specific purposes of the training is to get trainees and participants
acquaint themselves with the strategic approach and guidelines for
coordinating and supporting the AU’s involvement in its early waning and prevention efforts,
in addressing root causes and durable solutions.
Conclusion
The alterations that have characterized the experimentation of pan Africanism over the years
is now the subject of great intellectual focus by peoples of African descent and other genuine
intellectuals of the changing paradigm of pan Africanism. The contribution fits in the
discourse, activities and the role of civil society organizations like Pan African Institute for
Development to be the forbearers of the logic and application of new pan Africanism. This
has been shown in the arguments presented in this paper and shown to be of significance for
an African way of doing things.
The patterns of pessimism that characterized the literature on pan Africanism have given way
to optimism and African renaissance and this has been made evident in the pedagogic
approach by the Pan African Institute for Development and its partners whose vision
accommodate the same appreciation for positive and constructive peace as a prerequisite for
sustainable development. This way relating the paradigm of new pan Africanism to the logic
of civil society activities through professional training in disaster risk and humanitarian
management resonate the academic effort to bring innovation in academic work through
partnership.
By extending its activities in training and research through its professional training in disaster
risk and humanitarian management as part of its Peace, Security and Development program
The Pan African Institute for Development has demonstrated the role civil society
organizations can play in extending and facilitating governance and policy through people
centred activities as propounded by the African Union in its Agenda 2063 program.

10. It was only right that to fit the discourse of peace, security and development within the
framework of the literature on new pan Africanism through this paper, the author had to relate
the paradigm of the new pan Africanism as logic of civil society activities through
professional training in disaster risk and humanitarian management. The purpose has been to
float the idea and program to a wider audience including its partners.
With specific reference to the partnership between the Pan African Institute for Development
and the African Union and the United Nations University for Peace, the professional training
program on disaster risk and humanitarian management exposes the application of their
mandate and vision of all three organizations in encouraging the role civil society
organizations can play in building positive and constructive peace and sustainable
development through a pedagogy that support and encourages participatory action and
professional training.
Done: 10 July 2019