The report shows a brief explaanation of an intelligent building, its criteria, advantages and diadvantages with a case study explaining about the use of of an intelligent building in pacticality. Link to download: https://dimpstrail.gumroad.com/l/yknap

1. ABCM
Smart building
Dimple Poddar
Sem 10 | Roll no: 19 | Date: 22 Feb 2021
Smt. K. L. Tiwari college of architecture

2. INTELLIGENT BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
 An Intelligent building is the one which provides a productive and cost-effective
environment through optimization of four basic elements: structure, systems, services
and management, and the interrelationship between them.
 It is a type of building that uses both technology and process to create an environment
that is safe, healthy, and comfortable to everyone.
 The building will supply services for its inhabitants, its administration and operation
& maintenance. The intelligent building will accomplish transparent 'intelligent'
behavior, have state memory, support human and installation systems communication,
and be equipped with sensors and actuators.
 Shutters, lighting, HVAC collaborate to reach global optimization : increase of more
than 10% global energy efficiency Sensors provide information of air quality
(pollution, microbes, …) and smart ventilation insure health.
Figure 1: An illustration of related systems in Buildings (Adapted from a source picture on Internet:
https://blog.ecOnocom.com/en/blog/smartbuilding-and-bms-a-little-glossary/)
NEED OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

3.  Technology is changing how we design and construct buildings and the building
fabrics themselves.
 Intelligent buildings are the new Era in the field of construction throughout the world.
 It is Environment Friendly.
 It is cost Effective.
 It has many social benefits.
Figure 2: Intelligent Buildings Criteria Selection with Main Factors
CHARATERISTICS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
 Be flexible and responsive to different usage and environmental contexts such as
office, home, hotel, and industry invoking different kinds of loads from nature,
people, and building systems,
 Be able to change states (clearly defined) with respect to functions and user demands
over time and building spaces (easy to program and re-program during use)
 Support human communication (between individuals and groups)
 Provide transparent intelligence and be simple and understandable to the users
(support ubiquitous computers and networks)
 Accomplish 'intelligent' behavior (self diagnosis, trigger actions on certain events and
even learn from use)
 Have a distributed long term and short term memory Contain tenant, O&M, and
administration service systems
 Be equipped with sensors (stationary and mobile) for direct or indirect input and
manipulation of signals from users, systems and the building structure

4.  Be equipped with actuators for direct or indirect manipulation installations and the
building structure
 Provide canalization (information roads) that shall house 'wires' carrying new services
 Be able to handle high band width information transfer.
Figure 3: Intelligent Buildingd selection criteria

5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDING AND INTELLIGENT
BUILDING
 Intelligent building: Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such as
lighting, ventilation, fire-fighting, air- conditioning, etc. automatically with the
changes in environmental conditions controlled by computer.
 the security system , communication system, etc. are coordinated and automatically
controlled by computer work station.
 Ordinary building: Ordinary building there will be different room conditions
depending on the changes in the environmental conditions.
 The security system, communication system, etc. are not coordinated and
automatically controlled by computer work station.
Figure 4: Intelligent building network
COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION
 Fly ash Based concrete walls should be used.
 Intelligent buildings are more energy efficient.
 These buildings use less water.
 Materials efficiency.
 Intelligent building should be constructed so that it can take advantages of renewable
resources.
 Reduces operating cost.
 Solar cells should be used.

6. COMPONENTS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
 Provide good Landscaping.
 Ratio of built form to open spacing.
 Location of water bodies should be at proper place.
 There should be proper orientation of the building.
 Use of materials with low embodied energy.
Figure 5: Components of an energy efficient building
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
 An intelligent building starts with an environmentally friendly design.
 They maintains a comfortable, safe and secure environment.
 The use of carbon is minimum which reduces pollution.
 Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems.
 Improve air and water quality.
 Reduce waste streams.
 Optimum Use of Day Light.

7. FEATURES OF AN INTELLIGENT BUILDING
ACCESS CONTROL
 Access control restricts how and when people enter and exit an area.
 It can be done by many methods:
1. Finger Print Lock
2. Voice and Video Intercom
3. Code Based Access System
4. Swipe Card Access System
5. Biometric Access System
6. Surveillance through CCTVs

8. Figure 6: Access control
SAFETY
 Life safety systems, often called “fire systems”, are typically driven by code
considerations.
 Early warning systems like smoke detection systems, detects the fire at a very early
stage and pinpoint to the caretaker where exactly it is occurring, so that the fire is
extinguished locally through manual fire extinguishers.
 Fire protection system pumps water to the areas where the fire occurs, so as to douse
it automatically through sprinkler bulbs and also manually through the fire brigade.
Figure 7: Fire alarm systems

9. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
 Energy Management
 HVAC systems
 Lighting systems
 Lift and Escalator systems
 Alarm Monitoring
 Water Management systems
Figure 8: Building management systems
WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 Rain Water Harvesting should be done
 Water Efficient Plumbing and Fixtures should be used
 Water Treatment, Recycling & Minimal Disposal
 Gray Water Handling
 Solid Waste Control Strategies
 Proper water drainage system should be provided

10. Figure 9: Water management systems
HVAC SYSTEMS
 HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as High rise buildings and
Intelligent buildings.
 It refers to Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning of the buildings.
 Heaters can be used to generate heat if required.
 Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of
air within the building.
 Unpleasant smells and excessive moisture are reduced.

11. Figure 10: HVAC systems
ADVANTAGES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
 Provides Air quality control
 Higher level of security and safety
 Reduced administration costs
 Provides good comfort
 Environment friendly
 Proper control over the entire structure
 Focus on eliminating CO2 emissions
DISADVANTAGES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
 The initial cost of an installed system is high.
 Repairing problems.
 Requires special super vision over all configuration.
 Small life of the electronic equipment.
 Serviceability would be an issue unless users have a trained technician on the staff.
 Technological limitations.

12. CONCLUSION
 The intelligent building is clearly the building of the future.
 The benefits of these buildings include cost saving from reduced energy, water and
waste, lower operation and maintenance cost.
 To minimize the energy consumption to a greater scale and to increase the
equipment’s efficiency are the objectives of these buildings.
 Therefore an emphasis should be on Intelligent construction.
Figure 11: The future of intelligent building

13. CASE STUDY - CHICAGO’S 151 NORTH FRANKLIN
Figure 12: 151 North Franklin
Introduction
The 151 North Franklin building in Chicago is a 35-story, 807,000-sq-ft office tower that is
technically advanced, sustainable, and forward-looking. Designed by John Ronan Architects,
151 North Franklin is a pioneering place for new ways of working. Its clean and elegant
design merges inspiration and business, delivering innovation at every corner. Seamlessly
flowing from outside to inside, tenants benefit from a rooftop sky garden, landscaped 2nd-
floor terrace, and other inspiring amenities, fulfilling the promise that great design is great for
business.
Integrating the many engineered systems within a building is a complex process, often
handled by controls experts. This article will look at integration among all the building
systems in 151 North Franklin (mechanical, electrical, plumbing, lighting, fire protection,
etc.), and will provide suggested best practices for engineers to follow when integrating
these systems into an intelligent building.
Building overview
There are many ways to organize and present an intelligent building’s amenities and features.
Table 1 summarizes 16 solutions, subsystems, and capabilities that are included in the 151
North Franklin building. Most of these solutions are provided by the landlord, The John Buck
Co., as part of the base building design and construction. Within the tenant spaces of the
building, the tenants will provide the systems specific to their business operations.
The building has been designed and constructed to maximize the opportunities for tenants to
take full advantage of the base building amenities and features without having to replicate
these systems within their own space.
User-centric design

14. The 151 North Franklin building has been designed with end users and occupants in mind.
Some of the key characteristics of this design include:
 High-performance architecture featuring glass curtain wall and solid stone base.
 Floor-to-ceiling glass and 9-ft 6-in. ceilings provide optimized sunlight for increased
productivity.
 Rooftop sky garden, 2nd-floor terrace, and 4-story covered plaza, providing a wide
variety of “third-space” options for work beyond the desk.
 Industry-leading efficiency provided by column-free lease spans and columnless
corners.
Technology to drive connectivity:
The building’s technology systems have been specifically designed to drive connectivity and
support a comprehensive digital experience for all visitors, tenants, building management
staff, brokers, and operators. These systems include:
 A cutting-edge communications platform, including uninterrupted cellular and Wi-Fi
coverage from the garage to the rooftop.
 A web-enabled, integrated building system platform for easy control of access,
security, temperature, HVAC, and lighting.
 HVAC with demand-based control, which provides greater flexibility and lower cost.
 Redundant electrical capacity for flexible and expandable power delivery; backup
generator space is available.
 A supplemental solar electrical system.
 Destination dispatch elevators for best-in-class performance.
Figure 13: Design systems in the buildigns

15. Strategic design:
The design of 151 North Franklin takes full advantage of Chicago’s views from its location.
Design features include:
 Panoramic, unobstructed vistas including Chicago’s famous skyline and Lake
Michigan.
 Ample set-back distances allow for high levels of light and air even on the lower
floors of the building.
 Minimal obstructions to neighboring properties provide light and air.
Sustainability features and industry certifications:
151 North Franklin is seeking U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED-CS Gold certification
and has already achieved WiredScore Platinum status because of the developer’s
commitment to optimal energy use and high tenant satisfaction and retention. Specific
measures that were taken include:
 Tenant-monitored and tenant-controlled energy usage.
 WiredScore Pre-Certified Platinum.
 Four-story covered plaza designed to leverage adjacent green space, creating a vibrant
community space.
The digital experience:
Technology is continuously changing the way people work and connect, what’s possible in
high-performance buildings, and notions about what constitutes a workplace. Information is
expected to be accessible anytime and anywhere, seamlessly and securely. An organization’s
ability to understand, embrace, and align technology with its corporate culture can provide a
competitive edge that sets it apart to enrich branding, enhance productivity, and attract and
retain the best employees. This makes it even more important that the information technology
and corporate real estate teams be well aligned to reduce risks and gaps in strategy and
implementation. Given the abundance of technologies available, how do we align possibility
with practicality early on, then develop a clear path from strategy to execution?
John Buck Co. has equipped 151 North Franklin with a mobile smartphone application and a
web-based tenant portal software. This software consolidates many different building
services along with helpful information. It provides each tenant with an immediate self-
service option for common tasks like enrolling new users with the security system, entering
service requests, and adding visitors for building access.
The technical details
Building systems features:

16.  Demand-based real-time data
 Greater flexibility and lower cost
 Unlimited supplemental chilled-water capacity
 Dual feeds with an automatic throw-over switch.
 Flexible and expandable power delivery.
 Supplemental solar electrical system.
 Backup generator space and additional riser capacity available
 Solar-heated domestic water supply and solar electrical source in common area
 Floor-by-floor HVAC system (tenant comfort control)
 Base building/life safety pathway for tenant backup generators (G1, G2)
 Electrical supply/dual feeds/dual risers
 Dedicated outside air/ventilation riser (indoor-air quality)
 Base building and tenant supplemental cooling riser.
The building design’s technical specifications
Excerpts from the mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), communications, security,
and sustainable design specification sections for 151 North Franklin are provided below.
Figure 14: Rooftop sky garden
Mechanical
Chilled water
The building’s cooling will be provided by offsite district chilled-water production plants via
pipe connections from street distribution to the energy-transfer room located at the lower
level.

17. Heating systems
 Electric-resistance heating coils will be provided with each dedicated outside air
handling unit, as well as each amenity and lobby air handling unit.
 Electric-resistance baseboard heaters will be provided along perimeter windows and
walls for the ground-floor lobby and at all floors with perimeter glazing higher than 9-
ft 6-in.
 Baseboard heaters will be interlocked with the fan-powered box serving the respective
perimeter area.
 Electric-resistance baseboard heaters along perimeter windows and walls for ground-
floor retail areas will be provided by the tenants. Baseboard heaters shall be
interlocked with the respective air conditioning units provided by the tenants.
Air conditioning
 Four factory-packaged dedicated outside-air units will be provided in the Level 20
mechanical room to provide minimum code-required ventilation air to all of the
typical office floors.
 Conference center and fitness area: Variable-volume factory package units will be
provided in the mezzanine space above the Level 2 locker room and toilet space to
serve the conference center and fitness areas.
 Ground-floor lobby: A variable-volume factory package unit will be provided in the
basement level to serve the entrance lobby and lounge.
Duct distribution systems
Perimeter offices and interior offices will be supplied from separate variable air volume
series flow-fan-powered boxes, system pressure-independent direct digital control (DDC) by
the building automation system (BAS), low leakage and low-pressure drop for space-
temperature control. Perimeter fan-powered boxes will include electric heating coils for
envelope heat.
Building automation system
Control and monitoring
 Control and monitoring of the building mechanical systems, and monitoring of other
building equipment, will be provided by DDCs specified under CSI Division 230923,
using instrumentation specified under 230913, to control/monitor points and execute
sequences of operation as indicated on temperature control drawings.
DDC/BAS network, communication, and software
 The DDCs and BAS shall provide central control and monitoring of major HVAC
equipment. The DDC/BAS will consist of two tiers or levels of networks.
 The first-tier network shall provide connectivity between all DDC network controllers
(B-BC), the BAS server, and dedicated BAS operator workstations. It shall be
Ethernet-based and shall serve as a backbone for all base building technology

18. systems. A virtual local area network (VLAN) may be portioned by the owner and
dedicated for BAS communications.
 The second-tier networks shall provide communications from each DDC network
controller (B-BC) to all DDC controllers, variable-speed drives, equipment-mounted
controllers, and other smart field devices.
 Second-tier communications shall be ASHRAE Standard 135: BACnet-A Data
Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks on EIA-485
physical layer in a daisy-chain wiring scheme and have a minimum communication
speed of 76.8K bps.
 The BAS shall have custom graphical displays to monitor the operation of HVAC
equipment connected to the BAS. User displays shall also include floor plans.
Graphical displays shall be submitted electronically to the client and the engineer for
review.
 Each DDC shall connect to a communication network for central monitoring, remote
override, setpoint adjustment, history collection to archive, and alarm annunciation.
The BAS shall be capable of generating both advisory and critical alarm-notification
messages via email to the designated recipients as determined by the client. Each
DDC shall monitor and control the associated HVAC unit in a stand-alone
configuration, independent of any other DDC.
BAS hardware features
 All BAS network communications shall use a physical layer of Ethernet and EIA-485.
Ethernet cabling will be provided by structured cabling. EIA-485/twisted pair cabling
shall be provided by the DDC contractor.
 Network Controllers will be Tridium JACE-8000 (or OEM-equivalent) B-BC
controllers, with or without input/output (I/O) depending on application, and will run
Tridium’s Niagara 4 middleware software platform.
Figure 15: View form office suits
Electrical systems

19. Electric service
 Primary distribution: Commonwealth Edison Co. (ComEd) shall provide 12,470 V
service feeders, originating from separate networks, to the project via underground
concrete-encased duct banks. These duct banks shall enter into a utility-owned main-
line switching station and transformer vault located in the basement level.
 Secondary distribution: The building shall be provided with service entrance
switchboard rooms and vertically aligned branch electrical closets strategically
located to provide an efficient and economical distribution of wiring systems
throughout the facility.
Lighting
 Provide lighting systems for base building lobbies; electrical, telephone, mechanical,
and elevator equipment rooms; parking; service areas; corridors; stairways; toilets;
storage rooms; dock area; elevator pits; supply and recirculation fan plenums; roof
hatches; exit signs; etc. The lighting system shall be complete with fixtures, ballasts,
drivers, lamps, branch circuits, and controls to interface with BAS and accessories.
 Daylighting and shade controls.
 The owner shall provide conduit pathway infrastructure from core to curtain wall to
support the installation of future tenants’ motorized shades during their fit-out.
Plumbing
Domestic cold water
 Provide dual 12-in. domestic water services connected to the water main in the street
per the local water department’s requirements and route into the building’s dedicated
pump room.
 Provide and install an 8-in. domestic-water service, water meters, and all associated
valves on the water services as required by the City of Chicago, and a branch with an
8-in. water line with a double-detector check-valve assembly for continuation by the
fire protection contractor.
Stormwater system
 Furnish and install roof drains at all roofs (as noted on the architect’s drawings) along
with the interior drainage system and downspouts for a complete operable stormwater
system.
 All storm/waste piping, above grade level, shall be connected to a gravity storm
sewer. Collect all storm piping and route to the storm detention structure included
with overflow. The civil engineer will continue the sewer from that point.
Fire protection
Standpipe system
 A standpipe system shall be provided for the new proposed high-rise building.

20.  The water supply for the combination sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be
hydraulically calculated to supply a residual pressure of 65 psi at the topmost outlet,
with a flow rate equal to 250 gpm plus actual sprinkler system demand but not less
than 500 gpm.
Automatic sprinkler system
 A supervised automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire
premises, except in ComEd vaults, dedicated electrical transformer rooms, dedicated
main-building switchboard rooms, dedicated electrical closets or rooms where voltage
exceeds 600 V, base building life safety emergency generator rooms, elevator shafts,
and elevator machine rooms.
Communications
Spaces and Pathways
 Spaces—TEF: Two separate telecommunications entrance facilities will be located on
the B1 basement level. These are small rooms where the telecommunications service
providers will transition their outside-plant cabling to indoor-rated cabling and shall
bond the cable sheaths. Multiple service providers may enter the building via the same
TEF. They will each be given proportioned wall space to place their splice equipment.
 Pathways—incoming services: Eight 4-in. conduits from the property line are
specified for incoming serve to each of the two TEF rooms.
Base building structured cabling
Backbone
 Vertical fiber backbone: One 12-strand OM4 multimode fiber-optic cable will be
provided from NetPOP A to telecommunications room A (TR A) on every 5 floors as
well as the basement TR and SatPOP.
 This backbone is for the building’s network and other systems the building wishes to
deploy. It will allow the IP devices (BAS controllers, lighting controllers, security-
access control panels, security cameras, etc.) on each group of three floors to connect
to the building LAN access switch.
 There may be a consideration for additional single-mode fiber-optic cabling if it is
required to support a distributed antenna system (DAS) implementation.

21. Figure 16: Solar rooftop
Data network
The data network provides the delivery of information services throughout the building. The
data network is a single, unified physical network that is comprised of several independent
logical networks. A wide variety of network-enabled devices use the data network utility to
send and receive information. A device’s ability to communicate with other devices is
governed by the security policies that are implemented throughout the data network. By
designing and implementing the data network to be flexible and adaptive, this reduces the
management and operational expense of reconfiguration once the network is installed.
The systems/devices that will use the unified data network include the following:
 Security (access control, video surveillance, visitor management, intercom).
 Building control systems (integrated automation system (IAS), BAS, lighting/shade
controls, elevator controls).
 Audio/video (digital signage, background music, control system).
 Wireless.
 User devices (PCs, phones, printers, multifunction devices).
 Servers.
Voice system
The main voice system will be completely Voice over Internet Protocol, with voice servers
residing in the NetPOP or hosted offsite. The voice system shall have a redundant voice
server with automatic failover capabilities.
Distributed antenna system

22. The building will deploy a DAS that will provide cellular enhancement for multiple wireless
carriers over a common infrastructure. It also will allow for two-way radios used by building
operations staff to utilize the same infrastructure.
Security system
General description
 System purpose: The security system is designed to control authorized access and
prohibit unauthorized access to private or restricted spaces and to record access events
for later investigation or audit purposes. The security system will consist of card-
reader access control, visitor management, intercom, and security camera subsystems.
Duress- or panic-alarm systems and intrusion-alarm systems are not included.
Access control system (ACS)
 The purpose of the ACS is to control authorized access and prohibit unauthorized
access to private or restricted spaces and to record access activity for later
investigation or audit purposes. The ACS will consist of card readers, data-gathering
panels, door controls/sensors, and door alarms.
Visitor management system (VMS)
 The purpose of the VMS is to register and log visitors, print badges, track visitors, and
provide reports.
 The VMS will consist of a standard PC with a camera and badge printer for lobby
reception desk use and a stand-alone kiosk for visitor self-registration.
 The system will be able to register and log visitor information.
 The VMS shall issue visitor credentials (“digital credentials”) to mobile devices to
allow those devices to allow access via turnstiles and at elevators based on specific
access-authorization rights per tenant.
Video surveillance system (VSS)
The purpose of the security camera system is to augment the ACS by providing a means to
remotely assess activity at access points and to record video images of activity at those
locations for later investigation or audit purposes. The security camera system will consist of
IP cameras and a network video recorder (NVR).
 NVRs will have a TCP/IP network interface for control and operation.
 All camera monitoring, playback, and control will be via standard web browser
interface.
 Personnel with proper system authorization will be able to access live and/or recorded
video from desktop PCs.
 The cameras will be high-resolution color cameras. Additional camera features, such
as low-light capability and wide dynamic range, will be provided with specific
cameras where those features will be necessary to provide a quality image.

23. Figure 17: Mobile app for digital support
Sustainable design
LEED certification and goals
 The project will be certified under the LEED-CS v2009 rating system.
 The project’s LEED certification goal is Gold.
Water efficiency
 Water-use reduction 20%.
 Water fixtures’ flow and flush rates must exceed the efficiency requirements of the
Energy Policy Act of 1992/2005 and the International Plumbing Code by 20%.
Minimum energy performance and optimized energy performance
 This project is proceeding with Option 1: ASHRAE Whole Building Energy
Simulation. As a prerequisite, the proposed design must demonstrate a 10%
improvement in energy cost when compared with a baseline building modeled
against ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings, Appendix G (Performance Rating Method).
 The project can earn one point for each additional 2%-point improvement in annual
energy-cost reduction under U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED Energy and
Atmosphere credit 1 (EAc1)—Optimized Energy Performance.
 A baseline and proposed model was created using IES-VE Pro energy-modeling
software.

24. REFERENCES
 https://www.slideshare.net/Insta7120/smart-building-96284740
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016818300887
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326633723_Project_report_new_generation_int
elligent_building_platform_techniques/link/5b59fe220f7e9bc79a66838b/download
 https://www.mazza-hvac.com/service/building-controls
 https://www.greenroofs.com/2020/05/14/managing-stormwater-through-site-planning-
and-architecture/
 https://urvil.wordpress.com/bms-building-management-system/
 https://realpars.com/fire-alarm-system/
 https://idoincorporated.com/2050-a-future-where-american-cities-are-thriving-with-
ethnic-diversity-intelligent-buildings/
 https://www.csemag.com/articles/case-study-system-integration-intelligent-buildings/