Jt

1. Viability of EPR for e-waste in
Argentina?
The Belgian case +
feasibility in Argentina
Steve ClausSteve Claus
Independent vigorous inspriring EPR consultant
Business developer & Advisory manager at Green Crossroads
Buenos Aires, Argentina
November 27-28, 2017
(Nov 28, am)

2. What is EPR?
“Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote
the integration of environmental costs associated with goods throughout
their life cycles into the market price of the products” (OECD, 2001, EPR – A
guidance manual for governments)
The essence of EPR:
- bridge between production and waste management phase and
- includes recycling and support/information about design for environment
2/45

3. European policy evolution: From waste
to sustainable materials management
1994
Packaging
waste Directive
1999 Landfill
Directive
2008 Waste
Framework
Directive: Waste
hierachy
Directives on
WEEE, batteries,
end-of-life
vehicles, etc.
2011 Roadmap
on Resource
efficiency
2015: 7th EAP
(Environmental
Action Program)
vision: Circular
economy and
low-carbon
society
3/45

4. Europe’s municipal waste treatment -
Less landfilling and more recycling
Eurostat: kg/capita
4/45

5. Implementation of the Packaging
Directive in Europe
3 countries without any
compliance scheme =>
Taxes
Denmark, Hungary,
Croatia
Tax versus EPR
continuous discussion
Ukraine ?
36 European
countries
Trading of certificates
UK, (Poland)
30 with Producer Responsibility
Austria, Belgium, France, Spain, Germany, Ireland, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Portugal,
Sweden, Greece, Latvia, Malta, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Italy,
Slovenia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Norway, Finland, Serbia, Israel, Netherlands,
Poland, Macedonia, Bosnia
1 country with Fund
Scheme
Iceland
countries
5/45

6. Several ways of EPR-implementation and
no silver bullet
6/45

7. E-waste flows
7/45

8. (1) Belgium – Where, what,…?
8/45

9. WEEE
WEEE) is one the fastest growing waste streams in the EU
+/- 9 million tonnes generated in 2005
Expected tonnage 2020: 12 million
WEEE is complex mixture of materials and components
WEEE contains hazardous content, and if not properly managed, can cause major
environmental and health problemsenvironmental and health problems
The production of modern electronics requires the use of scarce and expensive
resources (e.g. around 10% of total gold worldwide is used for their production).
Improve environmental mgmt of WEEE:
- Contribute to a circular economy and enhance resource efficiency
- Improve collection, treatment and recycling of electronics at the end of their life
9/45

10. Transposing EU’s PPWD into Belgian laws
EU WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC and EU RoHS in EEE Directive
2002/95/EC
Collection, Recycling &
Recovery Targets for e-
waste
Collection, Recycling &
Recovery Targets for e-
waste
Restriction of the use
of certain hazardous
substances in EEE
Restriction of the use
of certain hazardous
substances in EEE
First WEEE Dir
into force in 2003
=> create
collection
schemes for
consumers =>
increase
recycling and/or
re-use)
10/45
waste
Till 31.1218: 4kg/h/y
From 2019: 65% of PoM
waste
Till 31.1218: 4kg/h/y
From 2019: 65% of PoM
•Regional competency
substances in EEE
Some heavy metals
Some flame retardants
substances in EEE
Some heavy metals
Some flame retardants
•Federal competency
(Basel convention on movementof hazardous waste between nations (1992))
First RoHS Dir
into force in 2003
=> substitute
certain heavy
metals and
certain flame
retardants by
safer alternatives

11. Take into accountmanagement fields
Actor
Producersand
ImportersofEEE
Nationalauthorities
Localauthorities
(municipalities&
Retailers/shops
Citizens
Wastecollectors
Transporters
Recyclers
Otherstakeholders
Scope of the
11/45
Managementfield
Scope of the
legislation
X X X
Mission →
objectives →
strategy
X X X X X X X X X
Operations X X X X X X
Marketing &
Communication
X X X X
Data
management &
ICT
X X X X X X X
Financing X X X X X X
Management
organization
X

12. The Belgian case – Recupel - Life of
appliances
12/45

13. Mission and objectives of Recupel
13/45

14. The financial flow
14/45

15. Recupel at home
https://www.recupel.be/en/what-does-recupel-recycle/search-for-an-
appliance/search-for-an-appliance-alphabetically/
15/45

16. All-in fee for home appliances
Finances all costs (collection, sorting, transport and treatment)
Part of this contribution finances Recupel’s coordination and communication
actions (administration, reporting, audits,…).
Amount calculated per category, based on
- the average weight of the product group,
- the components of the various electrical and electronic appliances,- the components of the various electrical and electronic appliances,
- the collection percentage,
- the treatment technique,
- the lifetime and
- other parameters
16/45

17. Collection points for HH e-waste
Droppoints
receive a
distribution
fee (for
covering
space costs)
+
optimzation
17/45
optimzation
fee (if full
truck loads
transport is
possible)

18. Recupel at work
18/45

19. Administrative fee for professional
appliances
Administrative fee for professional equipment (covers reporting and
administrative costs only
The other costs (for collection, sorting, transport and treatment) areThe other costs (for collection, sorting, transport and treatment) are
calculated seperately (when the products are discarted)
Tailormade
19/45

20. Certification of WEEE treatment
activities - WEEELABEX
WEEELABEX:
- 25 WEEE compliance schemes joined forces to set up a the organisation
- Non-profit legal entity:
(1) to train auditors in the WEEELABEX standards and
(2) to promote the adoption of these standards by operators and member(2) to promote the adoption of these standards by operators and member
states to improve WEEE management practices in Europe
Design a set of standards with respect to the collection, sorting, storage,
transportation, preparation for re-use, treatment, processing and disposal of
all kinds of WEEE.
Put in place a process of monitoring of companies through audits conducted
by auditors trained by its office.
20/45

21. Key success factors Belgian case
Realistic, feasible and flexible legislation
Obliged industry (fillers) to act as onE
Public Private Partnership (PPP)
Optimized and standardized collection scenario, which was
implemented progressively
Competition on the right level
21/45
Competition on the right level
Quality and control management
Support for appropriate communication to meet the needs of
all the target groups
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
DESIGNATED ROLES FOR ALL PARTIES INVOLVED +
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

22. 1. Legal framework
a) Definition
b) Take back obligation
c) Roles & responsibilities
2. Priorities & objectives
a) Product scope
b) Collection & treatment model
c) Targets for collection and recycling
3. Collection and treatment infrastructure
Key elements of an e-waste strategy
3. Collection and treatment infrastructure
a) Infrastructure design
b) Economic modelling
4. Implement an advance recycling fee (ARF)
a) Detailed fee calculation
5. Design & implement a PRO structure
a) Legal
b) Governance
c) Organogram
d) Roles & responsibilities
e) Management contract
22/45

23. 47%
10%
5%
7%
12%
6%
9%
4%1% 0%
Forecast per district 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Port Louis
Pamplemousses
Riviere du Rempart
Flacq
Grand Port
Savanne
Plaines Wilhems
Moka
Example: Forecast till 2025
E-waste inventory
Moka 7%
Black River 6%
Island of Rodrigues 3%
Total EEE put on the market 100%
Total e-waste 69%
Forecast per categorie Avg growth 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1. Large Household Appliances 4%
2. Small Household Appliances 3%
3. IT and Telecommunication Equipment 9%
4. Consumer Equipment -1%
5. Lighting Equipment 2%
6. Electrical and Electronic Tool 3%
7. Toys , Leisure and Sports Equipment 6%
8. Medical Devices 3%
9. Monitoring and Control Instruments 3%
10. Automatic Dispensers
Total EEE put on the market
Total e-waste
23/45

24. Designing a national strategy
24
23/45

25. • Targets (example)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total EEE put on the market (kg)
Total e-waste (kg)
EEE put on the market (kg/inhabitant)
E-waste (kg/inhabitant)
Setting targets/objectives
E-waste (kg/inhabitant)
Target to collect per year (% of kg put on the market) 20% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Target growth forecast for collection 10% 10% 5% 5% 5%
Target annuel collection (kg/inhabitant)
Target yearly collection (tonnes)
25/45

26. Designing collection infrastructure
E-WASTE
COLLECTION POINT
RD Congo
26/45

27. E-WASTE
RECYCLING FACILITY
RD Congo
Designing treatment infrastructure
27/45

28. Designing treatment infrastructure
28
27/45

29. Calculation method (example)
Calculating the recycling fee
29/45

30. Proposed gouverance structure (example)
Board
E-waste Steering committee
Association of
importers
Association of
distributors
Representative of
steering comittee
MCCI
Representative of
consumers
Parnership agreement:
Ministry of Environment
Designing a PRO
PRO
Boardimporters
Management
services
agreement: MCCI
MCCI
General
Manager
Collection
service providers
Transport
service providers
Recycling
service providers
Sector ad hoc
input & advisory
President
30/45

31. BoardBoard
General
manager
General
manager
Assembling the team (example)
Designing a PRO
CommercialCommercial
Operations,
reporting, audit
Operations,
reporting, audit
Communication
& sensitization
Communication
& sensitization
Dedicated
communication
Agency
Dedicated
communication
Agency
FinanceFinance LegalLegal
Humain
Resources
Humain
Resources
Administration
& IT
Administration
& IT
31/45

32. Who to involve when aiming for success?
Legislator – with a key role to ensure balanced legislation
Industry / EPR schemes – with a key role to take financial and coordination
responsibility + optimize EEE
Municipalities - with an obligation to cooperate with the EPR schemeMunicipalities - with an obligation to cooperate with the EPR scheme
Retailers/shops – with an obligation to (physically) take-back the e-waste
Operators (for collection, sorting or recycling) - with a key role to provide
qualitative services and to come up with innovative ideas
Citizens - with a key role to collect, separate and recycle
32/45
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
DESIGNATED ROLES/RESPONSIBILITIES + PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

33. A real need to manage e-waste
Warnings
- No copy paste
- No silver bullet
- Take into account local circumstances (e.g. level of public waste mgmt, of
formal waste recycling infrastructure, of informal collection and treatment,
of popular economy workers, …)of popular economy workers, …)
Design take-back system (EPR PRO)
- Legal framework
- Operational activities
- Financing (costs, revenues => fees)
- Enforcement, control, audit, monitoring
- PRO Vision Mission Strategy (incl. public service & non-for-profit)
- Awareness creation
33/45

34. E-waste recycling in action
COLLECTION DEPOLLUTION AUTOMATED PRE-PROCESSING
34/45
COLLECTION DEPOLLUTION AUTOMATED PRE-PROCESSING
SEPARATION OF
HAZARDOUS FRACTIONS
TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT INTERNATIONAL TREATMENT
BEST AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGIES

35. Country specific challenges
35/45
Proper pre-
processing
FACILITIES
needed
CAPACITY
BUILDING
share knowledge
& expertise
Quid recycling of
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS,
esp. non-valuables
REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
development of
EPR in LATAM

36. Lessons learnt:
Solid legal framework is prerequisite
Purpose
- Get government involved
- Scalability : moving beyond a pilot
- Financing the recycling of non valuable materials
- Licensing of recyclers, enforcement of standards & regulations
36/45
Approach
- Multi-stakeholder approach needed:
Local government
Advising governments
International organizations
OEMs (original equipement manufacturers)

37. Lessons learnt:
For project selection
Bottom-up initiative needed, govmt endorsement & strong local network
Favourable legal framework is important (EPR, waste management, recycler
requirements)
Clear perspective towards self-sufficiency needed:
- track record, network, other sponsors & partners- track record, network, other sponsors & partners
Solid business plan needed:
- collection strategy, scalable approach, sound financial plan
Transparency & openness to think & work together
A motivated entrepreneur makes a big difference
Set-up: projects can be public, private, NGO: all have pros & cons
37/45

38. Lessons learnt:
For collection
Collection is the main challenge to ensure self-sufficiency
Reuse & recycling go hand in hand:
- Reuse adds more value, however
- high standards & additional services needed: maintenance, repair, guarantee, etc.
Sources of collectionSources of collection
- B2B:private, government, NGOs, international organizations
Pro: high quality equipment (reuse)
Con: time intensive
- B2C:
Pro: high volume
Con: lots of awareness raising, low quality (except mobiles)
- Informal:
Pro: huge volume potential, environmental focus area
Con: requires network and specific, flexible strategies
38/45

39. (2) Argentina: A window of opportunities,
however there is no silver bullet
No copy paste of other existing models in the world
No one size fits all
Always take into account the local circumstances and particularities of the country
What already exists?
What already works?What already works?
What are authorities’ ambitions?
What is obliged industry’s willingness to take up its responsibility?
What are waste operators doing and how?
What’s the current recycling market and how is it maturing?
Status of incorporation of informal sector?
Quid with regard to other recovery/re-use possibilities ?
39/45

40. Waste pickers, collectors, sorters and
recyclers are doing a good job, however…
A lack of e-waste data
What are the e-waste products, volumes, … put on the market?
What are the tendancies?
What is collected today and by whom?
What is happening with the collected e-waste?What is happening with the collected e-waste?
What is the financial model?
Are the waste pickers, popular economy workers, collectors and sorters receiving
correct amounts of money for their services?
What about the risks waste pickers, popular economy workers, collectors, sorters
are taking (health, insurance, work conditions,…)?
40/45

41. Argentina today
Waste pickers: some of them belong to associations; others work stand-alone:
mainly in HH and small shops
Private companies: mainly collect from malls, industry (high volumes, clean
material, higher prices)
NGO’s collecting: what type of materials + from whom?
Utility companies: do they exist, what do they collect and how?Utility companies: do they exist, what do they collect and how?
Where to take to material to?
- specialized shops?
- sorters
- repair shops?
- recyclers
- landfill?
41/45

42. Problems today
Waste pickers/popular economy workers: informal/formalized? (quid health,
security, …?)
Losing material because of no seperation at source
No education to sort at source
Collection of materials is price driven (depending on demand at the end of
the chain)the chain)
Transparency with regards to costs and tariffs
42/45

43. What are real potential scenarios?
EPR should include waste pickers/ popular economy workers
Not exclude store houses
Should obliged industry work or not work with excisting scheme or create new
parallel collection/sorting system?
Role of municipalities?
How manage the financial flows? (cf. tariffs, …): Obliged industry to play anHow manage the financial flows? (cf. tariffs, …): Obliged industry to play an
intermediate role or leave it like it is today, being waste pickers, popular
economy workers, private companies,… receiving the money from the
stores/industry?
43/45

44. 8. Lessons learnt - General
No one-size-fits-all, no silver bullet
Take into account the local circumstances, incl. informal sector
Legal framework & enforce it
Designated responsabilities
CollaborationCollaboration
Quality assurence
Awareness raising campains
Step-by-step, learn by doing
START!
44/45
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
DESIGNATED ROLES FOR ALL PARTIES INVOLVED +
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

45. Any questions?
Thank you for your attention!
45/45
Steve Claus
Vigorous inspriring EPR consultant
steve.claus247@gmail.com
steve@green-crossroads.com