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SSuurrffaaccee BBoonneess ooff 
tthhee FFaaccee
NNaassaall BBoonneess ((22)) 
 LLooccaattiioonn 
 DDiirreeccttllyy iinnffeerriioorr ttoo tthhee 
nnaassaall ccaavviittyy 
 TThhee bbrriiddggee ooff tthhee nnoossee 
iiss ffoorrmmeedd bbyy tthhee 
aarrttiiccuullaattiioonn ooff tthhee ttwwoo 
nnaassaall bboonneess 
 SSeeee ffiigguurree 88,, ppaaggee 4466 ttoo 
nnoottee llooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee 
vvoommeerr aanndd tthhee 
ppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarr ppllaattee ooff 
tthhee eetthhmmooiidd bboonnee 
 TThhee nnaassaall ccaavviittyy iiss 
llooccaatteedd bbeellooww tthhee nnaassaall 
bboonneess aanndd iiss sseeppaarraatteedd 
bbyy tthhee sseeppttuumm
ZZyyggoommaattiicc BBoonneess ((22)) 
 LLooccaattiioonn 
 FFoorrmmss tthhee cchheeeekkbboonneess;; 
tthhee mmaajjoorr ppoorrttiioonnss ooff tthhee 
iinnffeerriioorr aanndd llaatteerraall 
mmaarrggiinnss ooff tthhee eeyyee 
ssoocckkeettss 
 CCrreeaatteess tthhee ggrreeaatteesstt 
wwiiddtthh ooff tthhee aanntteerriioorr 
ppllaannee ooff tthhee ffaaccee 
 SSuurrffaaccee iiss ccoonnvveexx iinn bbootthh 
ddiirreeccttiioonnss aanndd lliieess oonn 
bbootthh ffrroonntt aanndd ssiiddee ooff tthhee 
cchheeeekk 
 LLooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee zzyyggoommaattiicc 
bboonneess nneecceessssaarryy ffoorr 
cchheeeekk rroouuggiinngg 
 SSeeee ffiigguurree 66,, ppgg.. 4444
MMaaxxiillllaa ((22)) 
 LLooccaattiioonn 
 CCoonnssiiddeerreedd tthhee uuppppeerr jjaaww;; 
aarrttiiccuullaatteess aatt tthhee mmeeddiiaall 
lliinnee bbeellooww tthhee nnaassaall ccaavviittyy 
 EEmmiinneenncceess ((sseeee ffiigguurree 1100,, 
ppgg.. 4499)) 
 NNaassaall ssppiinnee ((ssmmaallll,, sshhaarrpp 
ssppuurr)) 
 AAllvveeoollaarr pprroocceessss ((ccoonnttaaiinnss 
ssoocckkeettss ffoorr tthhee tteeeetthh)) 
 FFrroonnttaall pprroocceessss ooff tthhee 
mmaaxxiillllaa ((iinnfflluueenncceess tthhee 
llaatteerraall wwaallll ooff tthhee nnoossee))
MMaannddiibbllee ((11)) 
 LLooccaattiioonn -- tthhee lloowweerr jjaaww 
 DDiivviissiioonnss ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee 
 BBooddyy ((hhoorriizzoonnttaall ppoorrttiioonn)) ooff tthhee 
mmaannddiibbllee ((ffiigg.. 1122,, ppgg.. 5533)) 
 MMeennttaall eemmiinneennccee ((sslliigghhtt 
vveerrttiiccaall rriiddggee oonn tthhee mmeeddiiaall 
ssuurrffaaccee)) 
 IInncciissiivvee ffoossssaa ((sslliigghhtt cceennttrraall 
ddeepprreessssiioonn bbeettwweeeenn tthhee 
lloowweerr iinntteegguummeennttaarryy lliipp ttoo 
tthhee ttoopp ooff tthhee cchhiinn 
 AAllvveeoollaarr pprroocceessss ((hhoollddss tthhee 
bboottttoomm tteeeetthh)) 
 RRaammuuss ((vveerrttiiccaall ppoorrttiioonn)) 
 CCoorroonnooiidd pprroocceessss -- mmoosstt 
ssuuppeerriioorr,, aanntteerriioorr ppoorrttiioonn ooff 
tthhee rraammuuss 
 CCoonnddyyllee –– mmoosstt ssuuppeerriioorr,, 
ppoosstteerriioorr ppoorrttiioonn;; rreessttss iinn tthhee 
mmaannddiibbuullaarr ffoossssaa
MMaannddiibbllee ((ccoonn’’tt)) 
 AAnnggllee ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee 
 WWiiddeesstt ppaarrtt ooff tthhee jjaaww 
 IInnfflluueenncceess tthhee 
ggeeoommeettrriicc ffoorrmm ooff tthhee 
hheeaadd ffrroomm tthhee ffrroonnttaall 
vviieeww 
 MMeeaassuurreemmeenntt ooff tthhee 
aannggllee ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee 
iiss ssiimmiillaarr ttoo tthhee 
ddiissttaannccee bbeettwweeeenn tthhee 
zzyyggoommaattiicc bboonneess 
ddeeppeennddiinngg oonn tthhee 
ggeeoommeettrriicc ffoorrmm ooff tthhee 
hheeaadd
PPrrooggnnaatthhiissmm 
 PPrroojjeeccttiioonn ooff tthhee jjaawwss 
bbeeyyoonndd uuppppeerr ppaarrtt ooff tthhee 
ffaaccee 
 VVaarriioouuss ffoorrmmss 
 MMaaxxiillllaarryy 
 MMaannddiibbuullaarr 
 AAllvveeoollaarr 
 DDeennttaall 
 IInnffrraannaassaall 
 BBuucckk tteeeetthh ((lliippss ddoo nnoott 
mmeeeett aatt lliinnee ooff cclloossuurree ssoo 
tthhee tteeeetthh sshhooww)) 
 PPrrooggnnaatthhiissmm aanndd bbuucckk 
tteeeetthh aarree nnoott 
ssyynnoonnyymmoouuss

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Ra lecture - face

  • 2. NNaassaall BBoonneess ((22))  LLooccaattiioonn  DDiirreeccttllyy iinnffeerriioorr ttoo tthhee nnaassaall ccaavviittyy  TThhee bbrriiddggee ooff tthhee nnoossee iiss ffoorrmmeedd bbyy tthhee aarrttiiccuullaattiioonn ooff tthhee ttwwoo nnaassaall bboonneess  SSeeee ffiigguurree 88,, ppaaggee 4466 ttoo nnoottee llooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee vvoommeerr aanndd tthhee ppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarr ppllaattee ooff tthhee eetthhmmooiidd bboonnee  TThhee nnaassaall ccaavviittyy iiss llooccaatteedd bbeellooww tthhee nnaassaall bboonneess aanndd iiss sseeppaarraatteedd bbyy tthhee sseeppttuumm
  • 3. ZZyyggoommaattiicc BBoonneess ((22))  LLooccaattiioonn  FFoorrmmss tthhee cchheeeekkbboonneess;; tthhee mmaajjoorr ppoorrttiioonnss ooff tthhee iinnffeerriioorr aanndd llaatteerraall mmaarrggiinnss ooff tthhee eeyyee ssoocckkeettss  CCrreeaatteess tthhee ggrreeaatteesstt wwiiddtthh ooff tthhee aanntteerriioorr ppllaannee ooff tthhee ffaaccee  SSuurrffaaccee iiss ccoonnvveexx iinn bbootthh ddiirreeccttiioonnss aanndd lliieess oonn bbootthh ffrroonntt aanndd ssiiddee ooff tthhee cchheeeekk  LLooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee zzyyggoommaattiicc bboonneess nneecceessssaarryy ffoorr cchheeeekk rroouuggiinngg  SSeeee ffiigguurree 66,, ppgg.. 4444
  • 4. MMaaxxiillllaa ((22))  LLooccaattiioonn  CCoonnssiiddeerreedd tthhee uuppppeerr jjaaww;; aarrttiiccuullaatteess aatt tthhee mmeeddiiaall lliinnee bbeellooww tthhee nnaassaall ccaavviittyy  EEmmiinneenncceess ((sseeee ffiigguurree 1100,, ppgg.. 4499))  NNaassaall ssppiinnee ((ssmmaallll,, sshhaarrpp ssppuurr))  AAllvveeoollaarr pprroocceessss ((ccoonnttaaiinnss ssoocckkeettss ffoorr tthhee tteeeetthh))  FFrroonnttaall pprroocceessss ooff tthhee mmaaxxiillllaa ((iinnfflluueenncceess tthhee llaatteerraall wwaallll ooff tthhee nnoossee))
  • 5. MMaannddiibbllee ((11))  LLooccaattiioonn -- tthhee lloowweerr jjaaww  DDiivviissiioonnss ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee  BBooddyy ((hhoorriizzoonnttaall ppoorrttiioonn)) ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee ((ffiigg.. 1122,, ppgg.. 5533))  MMeennttaall eemmiinneennccee ((sslliigghhtt vveerrttiiccaall rriiddggee oonn tthhee mmeeddiiaall ssuurrffaaccee))  IInncciissiivvee ffoossssaa ((sslliigghhtt cceennttrraall ddeepprreessssiioonn bbeettwweeeenn tthhee lloowweerr iinntteegguummeennttaarryy lliipp ttoo tthhee ttoopp ooff tthhee cchhiinn  AAllvveeoollaarr pprroocceessss ((hhoollddss tthhee bboottttoomm tteeeetthh))  RRaammuuss ((vveerrttiiccaall ppoorrttiioonn))  CCoorroonnooiidd pprroocceessss -- mmoosstt ssuuppeerriioorr,, aanntteerriioorr ppoorrttiioonn ooff tthhee rraammuuss  CCoonnddyyllee –– mmoosstt ssuuppeerriioorr,, ppoosstteerriioorr ppoorrttiioonn;; rreessttss iinn tthhee mmaannddiibbuullaarr ffoossssaa
  • 6. MMaannddiibbllee ((ccoonn’’tt))  AAnnggllee ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee  WWiiddeesstt ppaarrtt ooff tthhee jjaaww  IInnfflluueenncceess tthhee ggeeoommeettrriicc ffoorrmm ooff tthhee hheeaadd ffrroomm tthhee ffrroonnttaall vviieeww  MMeeaassuurreemmeenntt ooff tthhee aannggllee ooff tthhee mmaannddiibbllee iiss ssiimmiillaarr ttoo tthhee ddiissttaannccee bbeettwweeeenn tthhee zzyyggoommaattiicc bboonneess ddeeppeennddiinngg oonn tthhee ggeeoommeettrriicc ffoorrmm ooff tthhee hheeaadd
  • 7. PPrrooggnnaatthhiissmm  PPrroojjeeccttiioonn ooff tthhee jjaawwss bbeeyyoonndd uuppppeerr ppaarrtt ooff tthhee ffaaccee  VVaarriioouuss ffoorrmmss  MMaaxxiillllaarryy  MMaannddiibbuullaarr  AAllvveeoollaarr  DDeennttaall  IInnffrraannaassaall  BBuucckk tteeeetthh ((lliippss ddoo nnoott mmeeeett aatt lliinnee ooff cclloossuurree ssoo tthhee tteeeetthh sshhooww))  PPrrooggnnaatthhiissmm aanndd bbuucckk tteeeetthh aarree nnoott ssyynnoonnyymmoouuss