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Etude des Séries Temporelles
avec Stata
1
Données sur le PIB Américain
2
• Série: PIB Américain à prix courants, en milliards de dollars
. tsline GDPconstant
• La tendance est la caractéristique visuelle la plus dominante
• D’après le graphique la croissance du PIB semble exponentielle
3
• Pour modéliser la tendance, il est utile de trouver une transformation
qui représente la série comme fonction linéaire du temps.
• Une transformation logarithmique peut-être appropriée
. gen lnGDP=ln( GDPconstant)
. tsline lnGDP
4
_cons 29.36914 .0144353 2034.53 0.000 29.34012 29.39816
Year .0273101 .0004927 55.43 0.000 .0263195 .0283007
lnGDP Coefficient Std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval]
Total 7.8873725 49 .160966786 Root MSE = .05027
Adj R-squared = 0.9843
Residual .121313661 48 .002527368 R-squared = 0.9846
Model 7.76605884 1 7.76605884 Prob > F = 0.0000
F(1, 48) = 3072.79
Source SS df MS Number of obs = 50
. reg lnGDP Year
Estimation de la tendance de croissance annuelle du PIB
De 1972 à 2021, l’économie américaine a connu une croissance
annuelle de 2,7% en moyenne
5
Lissage de la série du PIB
. predict tendance
(option xb assumed; fitted values)
. predict residus, residual
(3 missing values generated)
. replace residus=-residus
(50 real changes made)
. tssmooth hwinters hw= lnGDP, forecast(3)
. gen hwR=hw- lnGDP
(3 missing values generated)
6
. tsline tendance hw
7
Comparaison des deux méthodes de lissage
Comparaison des Résidus
8
Prévisons
9
L’approche de Box et
Jenkins
10
Etapes de la Méthode
• C’est une méthode itérative à 4 étapes:
1. Identification:
Détermination de l’ordre p et q du processus ARMA
2. Estimation
Estimation des paramètres 𝑎0,, 𝐴 𝐿 , 𝛽 𝐿 𝑒𝑡 𝜎𝜀
²
3. Diagnostic
Tests statistiques pour juger de l’adéquation du modèle
4. Prévision
11
Etape 1: Identification
• Série non stationnaire.. ARMA?
• Stationnariser la série:
– Éliminer la composante tendancielle
– Faire la différence première (ou seconde) sur la
série: ARMA(p,q)  ARIMA(p,d,q)
d étant le nombre de fois que la série a été différenciée afin d’atteindre la
stationnarité
12
Détermination de l’ordre d’intégration
13
. ac lnGDP, lag(15)
Intégration d’odre 1
14
. gen growth= lnGDP-L.lnGDP
. ac growth , lag(15)
Fonction d’autocorrélation partielle
15
. pac growth , lag(15)
Etape 2: Estimation
16
arima growth, arima(1,0,0)
arima lnGDP, arima(1,1,0)
/sigma .0203486 .0021211 9.59 0.000 .0161914 .0245059
L1. .1538497 .1300135 1.18 0.237 -.1009721 .4086714
ar
ARMA
_cons .0265499 .0038209 6.95 0.000 .0190612 .0340387
lnGDP
D.lnGDP Coefficient std. err. z P>|z| [95% conf. interval]
OPG
Log likelihood = 121.3023 Prob > chi2 = 0.2367
Wald chi2(1) = 1.40
Sample: 2 thru 50 Number of obs = 49
ARIMA regression

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Stata- Séries Temp..pptx

  • 1. Etude des Séries Temporelles avec Stata 1
  • 2. Données sur le PIB Américain 2
  • 3. • Série: PIB Américain à prix courants, en milliards de dollars . tsline GDPconstant • La tendance est la caractéristique visuelle la plus dominante • D’après le graphique la croissance du PIB semble exponentielle 3
  • 4. • Pour modéliser la tendance, il est utile de trouver une transformation qui représente la série comme fonction linéaire du temps. • Une transformation logarithmique peut-être appropriée . gen lnGDP=ln( GDPconstant) . tsline lnGDP 4
  • 5. _cons 29.36914 .0144353 2034.53 0.000 29.34012 29.39816 Year .0273101 .0004927 55.43 0.000 .0263195 .0283007 lnGDP Coefficient Std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval] Total 7.8873725 49 .160966786 Root MSE = .05027 Adj R-squared = 0.9843 Residual .121313661 48 .002527368 R-squared = 0.9846 Model 7.76605884 1 7.76605884 Prob > F = 0.0000 F(1, 48) = 3072.79 Source SS df MS Number of obs = 50 . reg lnGDP Year Estimation de la tendance de croissance annuelle du PIB De 1972 à 2021, l’économie américaine a connu une croissance annuelle de 2,7% en moyenne 5
  • 6. Lissage de la série du PIB . predict tendance (option xb assumed; fitted values) . predict residus, residual (3 missing values generated) . replace residus=-residus (50 real changes made) . tssmooth hwinters hw= lnGDP, forecast(3) . gen hwR=hw- lnGDP (3 missing values generated) 6
  • 7. . tsline tendance hw 7 Comparaison des deux méthodes de lissage
  • 10. L’approche de Box et Jenkins 10
  • 11. Etapes de la Méthode • C’est une méthode itérative à 4 étapes: 1. Identification: Détermination de l’ordre p et q du processus ARMA 2. Estimation Estimation des paramètres 𝑎0,, 𝐴 𝐿 , 𝛽 𝐿 𝑒𝑡 𝜎𝜀 ² 3. Diagnostic Tests statistiques pour juger de l’adéquation du modèle 4. Prévision 11
  • 12. Etape 1: Identification • Série non stationnaire.. ARMA? • Stationnariser la série: – Éliminer la composante tendancielle – Faire la différence première (ou seconde) sur la série: ARMA(p,q)  ARIMA(p,d,q) d étant le nombre de fois que la série a été différenciée afin d’atteindre la stationnarité 12
  • 13. Détermination de l’ordre d’intégration 13 . ac lnGDP, lag(15)
  • 14. Intégration d’odre 1 14 . gen growth= lnGDP-L.lnGDP . ac growth , lag(15)
  • 16. Etape 2: Estimation 16 arima growth, arima(1,0,0) arima lnGDP, arima(1,1,0) /sigma .0203486 .0021211 9.59 0.000 .0161914 .0245059 L1. .1538497 .1300135 1.18 0.237 -.1009721 .4086714 ar ARMA _cons .0265499 .0038209 6.95 0.000 .0190612 .0340387 lnGDP D.lnGDP Coefficient std. err. z P>|z| [95% conf. interval] OPG Log likelihood = 121.3023 Prob > chi2 = 0.2367 Wald chi2(1) = 1.40 Sample: 2 thru 50 Number of obs = 49 ARIMA regression