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1. BIOL 101 General Biology I
Chapter 5
The Structure & Function
of Large Biological
Molecules
Rob Swatski
Associate Professor of Biology
HACC – York Campus1
3. 3
Bonds with
variety of
elements
Diverse sizes
& shapes
Carbon-based
Many
covalent
bonds
More
insoluble in
water
Monomers
Polymers
Properties of Organic Molecules
54. 60 m
Collagen
Connective
tissue
Structural proteins
Function: Support
Examples: Keratin is the protein of hair, horns,
feathers, and other skin appendages. Insects and
spiders use silk fibers to make their cocoons and webs,
respectively. Collagen and elastin proteins provide a
fibrous framework in animal connective tissues.
54
58. Muscle tissue
Actin Myosin
100 m
Contractile and motor proteins
Function: Movement
Examples: Motor proteins are responsible for the
undulations of cilia and flagella. Actin and myosin
proteins are responsible for the contraction of
muscles.
58
66. Side chain
Glycine
(Gly or G)
Alanine
(Ala or A)
Valine
(Val or V)
Leucine
(Leu or L)
Isoleucine
(Ile or I)
Methionine
(Met or M)
Phenylalanine
(Phe or F)
Tryptophan
(Trp or W)
Proline
(Pro or P)
Nonpolar Amino Acids (hydrophobic)
66
67. Serine
(Ser or S)
Threonine
(Thr or T)
Cysteine
(Cys or C)
Tyrosine
(Tyr or Y)
Asparagine
(Asn or N)
Glutamine
(Gln or Q)
Polar Amino Acids (hydrophilic)
67
68. Acidic (negatively charged)
Basic (positively charged)
Aspartic acid
(Asp or D)
Glutamic acid
(Glu or E)
Lysine
(Lys or K)
Arginine
(Arg or R)
Histidine
(His or H)
Electrically Charged Amino Acids (hydrophilic)
68
69. Peptide bond
New peptide
bond forming
Side
chains
Back-
bone
Amino end
(N-terminus)
Peptide
bond
Carboxyl end
(C-terminus) 69
93. The cap attaches, causing
the cylinder to change
shape in such a way that
it creates a hydrophilic
environment for the
folding of the polypeptide.
Polypeptide
Correctly
folded
protein
Steps of Chaperonin
Action:
An unfolded poly-
peptide enters the
cylinder from
one end.
The cap comes
off, and the
properly folded
protein is
released.
32
1
Steps of Chaperonin Action
93
101. 101
C, H, O, N, P
Polymer of
nucleotides
DNA and RNA
Molecular
biology
Regulates cell
activities
Guides protein
synthesis
Nucleic Acids
102. 102
mRNA
1. Synthesis of
mRNA in the
nucleus
DNA
NUCLEUS
mRNA
CYTOPLASM
2. mRNA moves
into cytoplasm
via nuclear
pore
Ribosome
Amino
acidsPolypeptide
3. Synthesis
of protein