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CVA A&P - Chapter 3a Cell Parts
1.
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by
Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART A 3 Cells and Tissues
2.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
3.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of the Cell Cells are not all the same All cells share general structures All cells have three main regions Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Figure 3.1a
4.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains genetic material (DNA) Three regions Nuclear envelope (membrane) Nucleolus Chromatin
5.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nucleus Figure 3.1b
6.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nucleus Nuclear envelope (membrane) Barrier of the nucleus Consists of a double membrane Contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell
7.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nucleus Nucleoli Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli Sites of ribosome assembly Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
8.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nucleus Chromatin Composed of DNA and protein Present when the cell is not dividing Scattered throughout the nucleus Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides
9.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma Membrane Barrier for cell contents Double phospholipid layer Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins
10.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma Membrane Figure 3.2 Membrane StructurePLAY
11.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma Membrane Specializations Microvilli Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption
12.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
13.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasm Contains three major elements Cytosol Fluid that suspends other elements Organelles Metabolic machinery of the cell “Little organs” that perform functions for the cell Inclusions Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products
14.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Figure 3.4
15.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondria “Powerhouses” of the cell Change shape continuously Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food Provides ATP for cellular energy
16.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes Made of protein and RNA Sites of protein synthesis Found at two locations Free in the cytoplasm As part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
17.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances Two types of ER Rough endoplasmic reticulum Studded with ribosomes Synthesizes proteins Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
18.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 3.5 Ribosome Protein Protein inside transport vesicle Transport vesicle buds off mRNA Rough ER As the protein is synthesized on the ribosome, it migrates into the rough ER cistern. In the cistern, the protein folds into its functional shape. Short sugar chains may be attached to the protein (forming a glycoprotein). The protein is packaged in a tiny membranous sac called a transport vesicle. The transport vesicle buds from the rough ER and travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing or goes directly to the plasma membrane where its contents are secreted.
19.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi apparatus Modifies and packages proteins Produces different types of packages Secretory vesicles Cell membrane components Lysosomes
20.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.6 Extracellular fluid Plasma membrane Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome Proteins in cisterna Lysosome fuses with ingested substances Membrane Transport vesicle Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Pathway 1 Golgi apparatus Golgi vesicle containing proteins to be secreted becomes a secretory vesicle Cisterna Rough ER Proteins Secretion by exocytosis
21.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or nonusable materials within the cell
22.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Peroxisomes Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) Replicate by pinching in half
23.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm Provides the cell with an internal framework Figure 3.7a
24.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7b–d Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Three different types of elements Microfilaments (largest) Intermediate filaments Microtubules (smallest)
25.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cytoplasmic Organelles Centrioles Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
26.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular Projections Not found in all cells Used for movement Cilia move materials across the cell surface Located in the respiratory system to move mucus Flagella propel the cell The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm
27.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a
28.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8b
29.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8c
30.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8d
31.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8e
32.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8f
33.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Diversity Figure 3.8g
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