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CVA A&P - Chapter 6c: Muscle Movements and Major Muscles
1.
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by
Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART C 6 The Muscular System
2.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity Table 6.2
3.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles and Body Movements Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone Muscles are attached to at least two points Origin Attachment to a moveable bone Insertion Attachment to an immovable bone
4.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles and Body Movements Figure 6.12
5.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Flexion Decreases the angle of the joint Brings two bones closer together Typical of hinge joints like knee and elbow Extension Opposite of flexion Increases angle between two bones
6.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Figure 6.13a
7.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Figure 6.13b
8.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Rotation Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis Common in ball-and-socket joints Example is when you move atlas around the dens of axis (shake your head “no”)
9.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Humerus RotationPLAY Figure 6.13c
10.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Abduction Movement of a limb away from the midline Adduction Opposite of abduction Movement of a limb toward the midline
11.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Figure 6.13d Humerus Adduction/AbductionPLAY
12.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Circumduction Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction Common in ball-and-socket joints
13.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Ordinary Body Movements Wrist CircumductionPLAY Humerus CircumductionPLAY Figure 6.13d
14.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Dorsiflexion Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin Plantar flexion Depressing the foot (pointing the toes)
15.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Figure 6.13e Ankle Dorsiflexion/Plantar FlexionPLAY
16.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Inversion Turn sole of foot medially Eversion Turn sole of foot laterally
17.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Ankle Inversion/EversionPLAY Figure 6.13f
18.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Supination Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly Pronation Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
19.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Figure 6.13g Elbow Pronation/SupinationPLAY
20.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Opposition Move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand
21.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Special Movements Hand OppositionPLAY Figure 6.13h
22.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Muscles Prime mover—muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation Fixator—stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
23.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naming Skeletal Muscles By direction of muscle fibers Example: Rectus (straight) By relative size of the muscle Example: Maximus (largest)
24.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naming Skeletal Muscles By location of the muscle Example: Temporalis (temporal bone) By number of origins Example: Triceps (three heads)
25.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naming Skeletal Muscles By location of the muscle’s origin and insertion Example: Sterno (on the sternum) By shape of the muscle Example: Deltoid (triangular) By action of the muscle Example: Flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)
26.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Head and Neck Muscles Facial muscles Frontalis—raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth Chewing muscles Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw
27.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Head and Neck Muscles Neck muscles Platysma—pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly Sternocleidomastoid—flexes the neck, rotates the head
28.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.15
29.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Anterior muscles Pectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerus Intercostal muscles External intercostals—raise rib cage during inhalation Internal intercostals—depress the rib cage to move air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly
30.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16a
31.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Muscles of the abdominal girdle Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing) External and internal obliques—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally Transversus abdominis—compresses abdominal contents
32.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16b
33.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Posterior muscles Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus Deltoid—arm abduction
34.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm Figure 6.17a
35.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Upper Limb Biceps brachii—supinates forearm, flexes elbow Brachialis—elbow flexion Brachioradialis—weak muscle Triceps brachii—elbow extension (antagonist to biceps brachii)
36.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16a
37.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm Figure 6.17a
38.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Limb Gluteus maximus—hip extension Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when walking Iliopsoas—hip flexion, keeps the upper body from falling backward when standing erect Adductor muscles—adduct the thighs
39.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh Figure 6.19a
40.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh Figure 6.19c
41.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Limb Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee flexion Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
42.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh Figure 6.19a
43.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Limb Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Sartorius—flexes the thigh Quadriceps group—extends the knee Rectus femoris Vastus muscles (three)
44.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh Figure 6.19c
45.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Limb Muscles causing movement at ankle and foot Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion and foot inversion Extensor digitorum longus—toe extension and dorsiflexion of the foot Fibularis muscles—plantar flexion, everts the foot Soleus—plantar flexion
46.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Leg Figure 6.20a
47.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles of the Lower Leg Figure 6.20b
48.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Superficial Muscles: Anterior Figure 6.21
49.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Superficial Muscles: Posterior Figure 6.22
50.
Copyright © 2009
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intramuscular Injection Sites Figure 6.18, 6.19b, d
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