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Segment Routing Technology Deep Dive and Advanced Use Cases
1.
© 2016 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 Cisco Connect Segment Routing: Technology Deep-Dive and Advanced Use Cases Thierry Couture Consulting Systems Architect dax@cisco.com January 2018
2.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Agenda • Introduction • Quick Segment Routing Recap • SRv6 • SR Traffic Engineering (SR-TE) • Conclusion
3.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Ground Rules • Assumptions: • Working knowledge of networking • Working knowledge of IP • Working knowledge of MPLS • Working knowledge of Traffic Engineering • Working knowledge of IPv6 • Out of scope: • Segment Routing transition and migration mechanisms (SR/LDP Interop, SRMS, Inter- AS, vpnv4/rt5 stitching, etc.) • SR Configuration (RTFM) • Services Overlay (L3VPN, EVPN, etc.) 4
4.
Introduction
5.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Breaking News: The Internet is GROWING (and dad doesn’t want to pay for it anymore!) 6
6.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing is Really About Simplification Description “Classic” Network SR/EVPN Management Plane CLI, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, Syslog, NetFlow, BMP, RCMD, Netconf, E-OAM, MPLS-OAM, YANG (IETF/OpenConfig), gRPC, GPB, PCEP, etc. NC/YANG, SR- OAM, SR Traffic Matrix, Telemetry Service Plane L2VPN, L3VPN, BGP-VPLS, LDP-VPLS, EVPN, L2TPv3, GRE, PPP, OTV, LISP, NSH, etc. EVPN (+ L3VPN) Control Plane OSPFv2 (IPv4), OSPFv3 (IPv6), ISIS, LDP, T- LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP, Controller, etc. IGP (incl. FRR) BGP Forwarding Plane IP, MPLS, IPv6, VXLAN, PBB, LISP, GRE, MPLSoGRE, etc. SR MPLS/IPv6 7 Simplification is really about saving XYZ…
7.
8
8.
Segment Routing 101
9.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing • Source Routing • The source (?) chooses a path and encodes it in the packet header as an ordered list of segments • The rest of the network executes the encoded instructions • Reduce state, reduce lookups, reduce… • Segment: an identifier for any type of instruction • Segment identifies network points and/or vectors (forwarding) • Segment identifies services • Segments can be combined (“stacked”) 10
10.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing – Forwarding Plane • MPLS: an ordered list of segments is represented as a stack of labels • Segment ID → Label • Basic building blocks distributed by the IGP or BGP • Push, Continue, Next –> Push, Swap, Pop • IPv6: an ordered list of segments is encoded in a routing extension header • More details later… 11
11.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IGP Prefix Segment • Shortest-path to the IGP prefix • Equal Cost Multipath (ECMP)-aware • Global Segment • Label = 16000 + Index • Index of NodeX = X is used for illustrative purposes • Distributed by ISIS/OSPF • Prefix != Route Entry • NOT Dynamically allocated 12 DC (BGP-SR) 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 6 5 7 WAN (IGP-SR) 3 1 PEER 16005
12.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IGP Adjacency Segment • “Pop and Forward on the IGP adjacency” • Local Segment • Dynamically allocated • Value “30X0Y” used for illustration • X is the “from” • Y is the “to” • Advertised as a label value • Distributed by ISIS/OSPF 13 DC (BGP-SR) 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 6 5 7 WAN (IGP-SR) 3 1 PEER 30204
13.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing • Distributed routing protocol (IGP, BGP) used to compute shortest or best paths and advertise segments • Segments identify forwarding resources within the topology and are encoded as MPLS labels (or IPv6 SR extension headers). • Global segments: nodes / prefixes • Local segments: peers, output interfaces • Traffic that does not require path engineering – let IGP/BGP and ECMP decide • Traffic that does require path engineering – SDN controller chooses explicit paths (based on operator policy) and programs source (border router, VM, application) with forwarding policies • Example: match flow X → push segments / MPLS label stack / IPv6 EH • Downstream nodes switch based on label stack without carrying any per-flow state (reuses MPLS data plane) 14 4 5 3 6 7 AS2 2 1 AS1 BGP-LS PCEP pkt 16007 16003 16002 SR PCE
14.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing MPLS • Reuse MPLS dataplane while extending existing routing protocols • Enables traffic engineering (TE) and fast reroute (FRR) with much lower network complexity and state (e.g., RSVP-TE, LDP) • Enables unified / simplified forwarding plane between DC, Metro and WAN (no complex QinQ, MPLS, or IP tunnel stitching at network boundaries) • Enabler of controller based path engineering/programmability (SDN) • Delivers on the key tenets of SDN for Service Providers including: o Tight application interaction with the network → full path programmability → flow-based, e2e, inter-domain o Network optimization → improved capacity management and utilization o New revenue opportunities → BW on demand & calendaring, low latency, disjoint TE, scavenger 15 InternetDC Metro WAN ToR, vRouter or application SR PCE
15.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing - Control Plane • IGP • ISIS • TLV • OSPF • Opaque LSA (type 10) • BGP • BGP-LU • Controller Based • From closed loop automated control to “management-plane-ish” 16
16.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 MPLS Control and Forwarding Operation with Segment Routing PE1 PE2 IGPPE1 PE2 Services IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 VPN IPv6 VPN VPWS VPLS Packet Transport LDP MPLS Forwarding RSVP BGPStatic IS-IS OSPF No changes to control or forwarding plane IGP or BGP label distribution for IPv4 and IPv6. Forwarding plane remains the same MP-BGP
17.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public router ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 segment-routing mpls area 0 interface Loopback0 passive enable prefix-sid absolute 16001 ! ! ! OSPF Configuration Example Prefix-SID for loopback0 Enable SR on all areas SID index 1 1.1.1.11.1.1.2 1.1.1.5 1.1.1.3 DR 1.1.1.4 18
18.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS LFIB with Segment Routing • LFIB populated by IGP’s (ISIS / OSPF), BGP, Controller, etc. • Forwarding table remains constant (Nodes + Adjacencies) regardless of number of paths • Other protocols (LDP, RSVP, BGP) can still program LFIB 19 PE PE PE PE PE PE PE PE P In Label Out Label Out Interface L1 L1 Intf1 L2 L2 Intf1 … … … L8 L8 Intf4 L9 L9 Intf2 L10 Pop Intf2 … … … Ln Pop Intf5 Node-SID Adjacency-SID Forwarding table remains constant
19.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Multi-Domain Topology • SR Path Computation Element (PCE) • PCE collects via BGP- LS • IGP segments • BGP segments • Topology 20 DC (BGP-SR) 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 6 5 7 WAN (IGP-SR) 3 1 PEER Low Lat, Low BW BGP-LS BGP-LS BGP-LS SR PCE
20.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public End-to-End Policy, Unified Data Plane • Construct a path by combining segments to form an end-to-end path: • 16001 (Prefix-SID) • 16002 (Prefix-SID) • 30204 (Adj-SID) • 40407 (Peer-SID) • Per-application flow engineering • Millions of flows • No signaling • No midpoint state • No reclassification at boundaries 21 PCEP, Netconf, BGP SR PCE Low-Latency to 7 for application … DC (BGP-SR) 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 6 5 7 WAN (IGP-SR) 3 1 PEER Low Lat Low BW 50 Default ISIS cost metric: 10 16001 16001 16002 30204 40407 {16001, 16002, 30204, 40407 }
21.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 Industry at large backs up SR Strong customer adoption WEB, SP, Enterprise Standardization IETF Multi-vendor Consensus Interop testings De-Facto SDN Architecture
22.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing Standardization • IETF standardization in SPRING working group • Protocol extensions progressing in multiple groups • IS-IS • OSPF • PCE • IDR • 6MAN • BESS • Broad vendor support • Strong customer adoption • WEB, SP, Enterprise 23 Sample IETF Documents Problem Statement and Requirements (RFC 7855) Segment Routing Architecture (draft-ietf-spring-segment-routing) IPv6 SPRING Use Cases (draft-ietf-spring-ipv6-use-cases) Segment Routing with MPLS data plane (draft-ietf-spring-segment-routing-mpls) Topology Independent Fast Reroute using Segment Routing (draft-bashandy-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa) IS-IS Extensions for Segment Routing (draft-ietf-isis-segment-routing-extensions) OSPF Extensions for Segment Routing (draft-ietf-ospf-segment-routing-extensions) PCEP Extensions for Segment Routing (draft-ietf-pce-segment-routing) Close to 40 IETF drafts in progress
23.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing Product Support • Platforms: • IOS-XR (ASR9000, CRS-1/CRS-3, NCS5000, NCS5500, NCS6000) • IOS-XE (ASR1000, CSR1000v, ASR902, ASR903, ASR920, ISR4400) • NX-OS (N3K, N9K) • Open Source (FD.io/VPP, Linux Kernel, ODL, ONOS, OpenWRT) • PCE (WAN Automation Engine, XTC) 24
24.
SRv6
25.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26 IPv6 adoption is a reality % website reachability by country Source: 6lab.cisco.com – World maps – 11-June-2017 Global IPv6 traffic grew 243% in 2015 Globally IPv6 traffic will grow 16-fold from 2015 to 2020 IPv6 will be 34% of total Internet traffic in 2020
26.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 IPv6 Provides E2E Reachability Support 5G growth IPv6 addresses summarization 5G 5G 5G IoT services Support container adoption for micro-services Next-Gen Data Center Micro-services Source Address Destination Address IPv6 Metro/Core Network IP 4G xDSL FTTH Cable Legacy DC
27.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 Opportunity for further simplification • Multiplicity of protocols and states hinder network economics IPv6 for reach Additional Protocol just for tenant IDUDP+VxLAN Overlay Additional Protocol and StateNSH for NFV RSVP for FRR/TE States scaling problem (k*N^2)
28.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SRv6 – Segment Routing & IPv6 • Simplicity • Protocol elimination • SLA • FRR and TE • Overlay • NFV • SDN • SR is de-facto SDN architecture • 5G Slicing 29 IPv6 for reach SRv6 for anything else
29.
SR Header
30.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IPv6 Header • Next Header (NH) • Indicates what comes next 31
31.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 NH = IPv4 4
32.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33 NH = IPv6 41
33.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 NH = TCP 6
34.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 NH = UDP 17
35.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public NH = Routing Extension • Generic routing extension header • Defined in RFC 2460 • Next Header: UDP, TCP, IPv6… • Hdr Ext Len: Any IPv6 device can skip this header • Segments Left: Ignore extension header if equal to 0 • Routing Type field: • 0 Source Route (deprecated since 2007) • 1 Nimrod (deprecated since 2009) • 2 Mobility (RFC 6275) • 3 RPL Source Route (RFC 6554) • 4 Segment Routing 36 43
36.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public NH = SRv6 • NH = 43, Type = 4 37 4 RFC2460SRspecific 43 TAG
37.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SRH • SRH contains • the list of segments • Segments left (SL) • Flags • TLV • Active segment is in the IPv6 DA • Next segment is at index SL-1 • The last segment is at index 0 • Reversed order 38 4 43 Active Segment Last Segment See IETF draft-ietf-6man-segment-routing-header, currently revision -06 TAG
38.
SRH Processing
39.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Source Node • Source node is SR-capable • SR Header (SRH) is created with • Segment list in reversed order of the path • Segment List [ 0 ] is the LAST segment • Segment List [ " − 1 ] is the FIRST segment • Segments Left is set to " − 1 • First Segment is set to " − 1 • IP DA is set to the first segment • Packet is send according to the IP DA • Normal IPv6 forwarding Version Traffic Class Next = 43 Hop LimitPayload Length Source Address = A1:: Destination Address = A2:: Segment List [ 0 ] = A4:: Segment List [ 1 ] = A3:: Next Header Len= 6 Type = 4 SL = 2 First = 2 Flags TAG IPv6Hdr Segment List [ 2 ] = A2:: SRHdr Payload Flow LabelFlow Label 4 A4:: 1 A1:: SR Hdr IPv6 Hdr SA = A1::, DA = A2:: ( A4::, A3::, A2:: ) SL=2 Payload 2 A2:: 3 A3:: 40
40.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Non-SR Transit Node • Plain IPv6 forwarding • Solely based on IPv6 DA • No SRH inspection or update 41 SR Hdr IPv6 Hdr SA = A1::, DA = A2:: ( A4::, A3::, A2:: ) SL=2 Payload 4 A4:: 1 A1:: 2 A2:: 3 A3::
41.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR Segment Endpoints • SR Endpoints: SR-capable nodes whose address is in the IP DA • SR Endpoints inspect the SRH and do: • IF Segments Left > 0, THEN • Decrement Segments Left ( -1 ) • Update DA with Segment List [ Segments Left ] • Forward according to the new IP DA 42 SR Hdr IPv6 Hdr SA = A1::, DA = A3:: ( A4::, A3::, A2:: ) SL=1 Payload Version Traffic Class Next = 43 Hop LimitPayload Length Source Address = A1:: Destination Address = A3:: Segment List [ 0 ] = A4:: Segment List [ 1 ] = A3:: Next Header Len= 6 Type = 4 SL = 1 First = 2 Flags TAG IPv6Hdr Segment List [ 2 ] = A2:: SRHdr Payload Flow LabelFlow Label 4 A4:: A A1:: 2 A2:: 3 A3::
42.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR Segment Endpoints • SR Endpoints: SR-capable nodes whose address is in the IP DA • SR Endpoints inspect the SRH and do: • IF Segments Left > 0, THEN • Decrement Segments Left ( -1 ) • Update DA with Segment List [ Segments Left ] • Forward according to the new IP DA • ELSE (Segments Left = 0) • Remove the IP and SR header • Process the payload: • Inner IP: Lookup DA and forward • TCP / UDP: Send to socket • … 43 Standard IPv6 processing The final destination does not have to be SR-capable. SR Hdr IPv6 Hdr SA = A1::, DA = A4:: ( A4::, A3::, A2:: ) SL=0 Payload Version Traffic Class Next = 43 Hop LimitPayload Length Source Address = A1:: Destination Address = A4:: Segment List [ 0 ] = A4:: Segment List [ 1 ] = A3:: Next Header Len= 6 Type = 4 SL = 0 First = 2 Flags TAG IPv6Hdr Segment List [ 2 ] = A2:: SRHdr Payload Flow LabelFlow Label 4 A4:: 1 A1:: 2 A2:: 3 A3::
43.
SR for Anything Network
as a Computer (Network Programmability)
44.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Network instruction • 128-bit SRv6 SID • Locator: routed to the node performing the function • Function: any possible function (optional argument) either local to NPU or app in VM/Container • Flexible bit-length selection 45 Locator FunctionLocator Function(arg)
45.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Network Program Next Segment Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 3 Function 3 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 3 Function 3 46
46.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Network Program Next Segment Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 3 Function 3 Locator2 Function2 Locator 3 Function 3 47
47.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Network Program Next Segment Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 3 Function 3 Locator 3 Function 3 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 1 Function 1 48
48.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49 Argument shared between functions Locator1 Function1 Argument1 Locator2 Function2 Argument2 Locator3 Function3 Argument3 Metadata TLV “Global” Argument
49.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50 SR Header Metadata TLV Segments Left Locator 1 Function 1 Locator 2 Function 2 Locator 3 Function 3
50.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SID Function – Anything! • SID functions are locally defined on their parent node • They can do anything… • An SR header contains a network program 51 SRHdr Segment List [ 0 ] Segment List [ 1 ] Next Header Len= 6 Type = 4 SL = 2 First = 2 Flags TAG Segment List [ 2 ] TLVs Function 1 Function 2 Args Function 3 Args Global arguments
51.
Use-Cases
52.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Integrated NFV • A3::A32 means • App in Container 32 • @ node A3::/64 • Stateless • NSH creates per-chain state in the fabric • SR does not • App is SR aware or not 53 IPv6 ( A1::0, A3::A32 ) payload IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) SRH { A3::A32, A4::0, A5::A76, A2::C4 } 1 2 4 V/64 3 T/64 4 App 32 Container Server 3 5 App 76 VM Server 5 IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) payload App 32 Container3
53.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Integrated NFV • Integrated with underlay SLA 54 1 2 4 V/64 3 T/64 4 5 App 76 VM Server 5 3 App 32 Container Server 3 IPv6 ( A1::0, A4::0 ) payload IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) SRH { A3::A32, A4::0, A5::A76, A2::C4 }
54.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55 Integrated NFV • A5::A76 means – App in VM 76 – @ node A5::/64 • Stateless – NSH creates per-chain state in the fabric – SR does not • App is SR aware or not 1 2 4 V/64 3 T/64 4 5 App 76 VM Server 5 3 App 32 Container Server 3 IPv6 ( A1::0, A5::A76 ) payload IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) SRH { A3::A32, A4::0, A5::A76, A2::C4 }
55.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Integrated NFV • Integrated with Overlay 56 1 2 4 V/64 3 T/64 4 5 App 76 VM Server 5 3 App 32 Container Server 3 IPv6 ( A1::0, A2::C4 ) payload IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) SRH { A3::A32, A4::0, A5::A76, A2::C4 } IPv6 ( T1::0, V2::0 ) payload
56.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public More SRv6 Use-Cases • 6CN: Enhancing IP to search for Content • 6LB: Enhancing load-balancers (MAGLEV) • Video Pipeline (Media Services) • 5G Slicing • 5G Ultra-Low Latency (1ms) 57
57.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SRv6 status • Cisco HW • ASR9k – IOS/XR • ASR1k – IOS/XE • NCS55K – IOS/XR commited • Nexus9K – NX-OS in planning • Open-Source • Linux Kernel 4.10 (Feb. 2017) • FD.IO 58
58.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Network Programming • An SRv6 segment is a function at a node • An SRv6 segment list is a network program • The network acts as a large computer • Integrated use-cases well beyond underlay (TE, FRR) • NFV • Container networking • Efficient content management: Spray, 6CN, 6LB • Video pipeline • Simplification: IPv6+SRv6 only ! 59 SRHdr Segment List [ 0 ] Segment List [ 1 ] Next Header Len= 6 Type = 4 SL = 2 First = 2 Flags TAG Segment List [ 2 ] TLVs Function 1 Function 2 Args Function 3 Args Global arguments
59.
SR Traffic Engineering
60.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Motivations for SR-TE • RSVP-TE combined FRR and TE – aaarrgghhhhh… • Legacy solutions challenging at scale • Core states in k*n^2 • No inter-domain (or very difficult) • Legacy solutions feature complex configuration • Tunnel interfaces and/or per-device flow state • Legacy solutions offer complex and fragile steering • PBR, autoroute, per-flow state • Granularity tradeoffs with scale 61
61.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR-TE • In SR, FRR is taken care of via TI-LFA, it is not a TE function… • Simple, Automated and Scalable • No core state: state in the packet header • No tunnel interface: “SR Policy” • Prescriptive hop by hop, or use wormholes, your choice… • Static • Headend configuration • Dynamic • No headend a-priori configuration: on-demand policy instantiation • No headend a-priori steering: on-demand steering • Multi-Domain • XTC for compute • Binding SID (BSID) for scale • Lots of Functionality • Designed with lead operators along their use-cases 62
62.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63 IETF key document for SR-TE See IETF draft-filsfils-spring-segment-routing-policy, currently revision -00
63.
Traffic Protection BRKR ST-
64.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Topology Independent LFA (TI-LFA) – Benefits • Based on Loop Free Alternates • For every point in a forwarding graph, we pre-compute a loop-free option • Meant to cover the gap between failure and routing re-convergence • 100%-coverage 50-msec link, node, and SRLG protection • Simple to operate and understand • automatically computed by the IGP • Prevents transient congestion and suboptimal routing • leverages the post-convergence path, planned to carry the traffic • Incremental deployment • also protects LDP and unlabeled traffic 65 BRKR ST-
65.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public TI-LFA – Zero-Segment Example • TI-LFA for link R1R2 on R1 • Calculate post-convergence SPT • SPT with link R1R2 removed from topology • Derive SID-list to steer traffic on post-convergence path à empty SID-list • R1 will steer the traffic towards LFA R5 66 1000 Default metric: 10 A 55 4 Packet to Z Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) 1 2 Z 3 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z)
66.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public TI-LFA – Single-Segment Example • TI-LFA for link R1R2 on R1 • Calculate post-convergence SPT • Derive SID-list to steer traffic on post-convergence path à <Prefix-SID(R4)> • Also known as “PQ-node” • R1 will push the prefix-SID of R4 on the backup path 67 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) prefix-SID(R4) Default metric:10 5 21 A Z 3 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) Packet to Z 4 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) 4
67.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public TI-LFA – Double-Segment Example • TI-LFA for link R1R2 on R1 • Calculate post-convergence SPT • Derive SID-list to steer traffic on post-convergence path à <Prefix-SID(R4), Adj-SID(R4-R3) • Also known as “P- and Q-node” • R1 will push the prefix-SID of R4 and the adj-SID of R4-R3 link on the backup path 68 Default metric: 10 5 21 A Z R3R4 34 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) Packet to Z Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) adj-SID(R4-R3) prefix-SID(R4) Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z) adj-SID(R4-R3) 1000 Packet to Z prefix-SID(Z)
68.
SR TE Policy
69.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SRTE DB • A headend can learn an attached domain topology via its IGP or a BGP-LS session • A headend can learn a non-attached domain topology via a BGP-LS session • A headend collects all these topologies in the SR-TE database (SRTE-DB). • The SRTE-DB is multi-domain capable 70
70.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR Policy Identification • An SR Policy describes an optimization objective between a head end and an end-point • An SR Policy is uniquely identified by a tuple (head-end, color, end-point) Head-end: where the SR Policy is instantiated (implemented) Color: an arbitrary numerical value to differentiate multiple SRTE Policies between the same pair of nodes End-point: the destination of the SR Policy 2 3 7 6 4 1 5 SR Policy (1, green, 4) Head-end: 1 Color: green End-point: 4 71
71.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR Policy Color • Each SR Policy has a color • Color is used to indicate a certain treatment (policy) provided by an SR Policy • Only one SR Policy with a given color C can exist between a given node pair (head-end (H), end-point (E)) • In other words: each SR Policy triplet (H, C, E) is unique • Example: • High-BW=“blue”, Low-latency=“green” • steer traffic to 1.1.1.0/24 via Node4 into High-BW SR Policy (1, blue, 4) • steer traffic to 2.2.2.0/24 via Node4 into LL SR Policy (1, green, 4) 2 3 7 6 4 1 5 (1, green, 4) (1, blue, 4) 1.1.1.0/24 2.2.2.0/24 Low-latency High-BW 72
72.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR Policy – Candidate Paths • An SR Policy contains multiple candidate paths • An SR Policy instantiates one single path in RIB/FIB • i.e. the selected path among the candidate paths. • A candidate path is either dynamic or explicit • A candidate path may have one or more weighted SID-lists • Traffic steered onto an SR Policy Path is load-shared over all SID-lists of that path 73 SR Policy Cpathn Preferencen ... Cpath1 Binding-SIDn Preference1 Binding-SID1 SID-list1m ... Weight1m SID-list11 Weight11 SID-listnk ... Weightnk SID-listn1 Weightn1
73.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Candidate Paths (Cont.) • A head-end may be informed about a path for a policy <color, end- point> by various means including: local configuration (CLI), netconf, PCEP, or BGP netconfCLI PCEPBGP SRTE 74
74.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 75 Path’s source does not influence selection Provided by e.g. local configuration Provided by e.g. BGP SR-TE Selection depends on validity and best (highest preference value) SR Policy ( Head, Color, End ) SID-list11 <16003, 16004> Weight 1 SID-list12 <16004> Weight 4 Cpath1 Pref 110 SID-list21 <16004> Cpath2 Pref 100 VALIDVALIDVALID ✔ Cpath3 Pref 200 SID-list31 <16005, 16004>
75.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 76 Path’s source does not influence selection Provided by e.g. local configuration Provided by e.g. BGP SR-TE Selection depends on validity and best (highest preference value) SR Policy ( Head, Color, End ) SID-list11 <16003, 16004> Weight 1 SID-list12 <16004> Weight 4 Cpath1 Pref 110 SID-list21 <16004> Cpath2 Pref 100 VALIDVALIDINVALID ✔ Cpath3 Pref 200 SID-list31 <16005, 16004> BRKRST-3122
76.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BSID of a policy • The BSID of an SR Policy refers to its selected path 77 SR Policy Pathn Preferencen ... Path1 Binding-SIDn Best Pref Binding-SID SID-listm ... Weightm SID-list1 Weight1 SID-listk ... Weightk SID-list1 Weight1
77.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 78 Policy – FIB entry 2 3 6 5 41 20 Default link metric: 10 10GE 40GE SR Policy SID-list: {16003, 16004} Selected Path BSID: 40104 In Out Out_intf Fraction 40104 {16003, 16004} To Node2 100% Forwarding table on Node1
78.
Dynamic Path Headend Computation
79.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 80 Prefer SR-native Algorithm 2 4 1 5 3 6 7 8 9 Classic Circuit Algo is not optimum! SID List: {4, 5, 7, 3} Poor/no ECMP, big SR list ATM optimized SR-native is optimum Shortest SID list with Max ECMP SID List: {7, 3} IP-optimized 2 4 1 5 3 6 7 8 9
80.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public segment-routing traffic-eng policy POLICY1 color 20 end-point ipv4 1.1.1.3 binding-sid mpls 1000 candidate-paths preference 100 dynamic mpls metric type te margin absolute 5 sid-limit 6 81 Min-Metric with Margin and max SID list 2 3 4 1 T:15 6 5 T:15 T:5 I:30 T:8 Default IGP link metric: I:10 Default TE link metric: T:10 Min-Metric(1 to 3, TE) = SID-list <16005, 16004, 16003> Cumulated TE metric = 23 Min-Metric(1 to 3, TE, m=5, s<=6) = SID-list <16005, 16003> Max Cumulated TE metric = 25 < 23+ 5
81.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public segment-routing traffic-eng policy POLICY1 color 20 end-point ipv4 1.1.1.3 binding-sid mpls 1000 candidate-paths preference 100 dynamic mpls metric type latency Node1 2 3 4 1 Default IGP link metric: I:10 Default TE link metric: T:10 T:15 5 T:15 I:30 T:8SID-list: {16005, 16004, 16003} 6 Low-Latency • Min-metric on TE metric where propagation latency is encoded in TE metric • same with margin and Max-SID • same with latency metric automatically measured by a node for its attached links and distributed in the IGP 82
82.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public segment-routing traffic-eng affinity bit-map Plane1 0x00000001 Plane2 0x00000002 ! policy POLICY1 color 20 end-point ipv4 1.1.1.3 binding-sid mpls 1000 candidate-paths preference 100 affinity exclude-any Plane2 dynamic mpls metric type igp Node1 Plane Affinity • Min-Metric on IGP metric with exclusion of a TE-affinity “Plane2” • all the links part of plane 2 are set with TE-affinity “Plane2” 83 1 2 11 12 3 13 14 21 22 23 24 Plane1 Plane2 SID-list: { 16014, 16003 }
83.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public segment-routing traffic-eng policy POLICY1 color 20 end-point ipv4 1.1.1.7 candidate-paths preference 100 dynamic mpls metric type igp association group 1 type node policy POLICY2 color 30 end-point ipv4 1.1.1.7 candidate-paths preference 100 dynamic mpls metric type igp association group 1 type nodeNode1 2 3 5 6 4 71 I:100 Default IGP link metric: I:10 I:100 SID-list: {16002, 30203, 16007} SID-list: {16005, 16007} Service Disjointness from same headend • The headend computes two disjoint paths 84 I:20
84.
On-demand SR Policy Intra-Domain
85.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public On-Demand SR Policy • A service head-end automatically instantiates an SR Policy to a BGP next-hop when required (on-demand), automatically steering the BGP traffic into this SR Policy • Color community is used as SLA indicator • Reminder: an SR policy is defined (endpoint, color) 86 BGP Next-hop BGP Color Community
86.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 87 Different VPNs need different underlay SLA 2 6 1 CE 5 4 IGP: 50 Default IGP cost: 10 Default TE cost: 10 IGP cost 30 TE: 15 2 6 1 CE 5 4 TE cost 20 Basic VPN should use lowest cost underlay path Premium VPN should use lowest latency path IGP: 50 TE: 15 Objective: operationalize this service for simplicity, scale and performance
87.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 6 1 CE 5 4 I: 50 T: 15 On-demand SR Policy work-flow BGP: 20/8 via CE 20/8 RR BGP: 20/8 via PE4 VPN-LABEL: 99999 Low-latency (color 20) BGP: 20/8 via PE4 VPN-LABEL: 99999 Low-latency (color 20) router bgp 1 neighbor 1.1.1.10 address-family vpnv4 unicast ! segment-routing traffic-eng on-demand color 20 metric type te PE4 with Low- latency (color 20)? use template color 20 à SID-list <16002, 30204> animated Default IGP cost: I:10 Default TE cost: T:10 no route-policy required! SR Policy template Low-latency (color 20) 88
88.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Benefits • SLA-aware BGP service • No a-priori full-mesh of SR policy configuration • 3 to 4 common optimization templates are used throughout the network • color => optimization objective • No complex steering configuration • Automated steering of BGP routes on the right SLA path • Data plane performant • BGP PIC FRR data plane protection is preserved • BGP NHT fast control plane convergence is preserved 89
89.
XTC and SR
policy
90.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public XR Transport Controller (XTC) • XTC is an IOS XR multi-domain, stateful SR PCE* • IOS XR: XTC functionality is available on any physical or virtual IOS XR node, activated with a single configuration command • SR: Stateful with native SR-optimized computation algorithms – same as the head end! • Multi-domain: Real-time reactive feed via BGP-LS/ISIS/OSPF from multiple domains; computes inter-area/domain/AS paths • Stateful: takes control of SRTE Policies, updates them when required • XTC is fundamentally distributed • Not a single all-overseeing entity, but distributed across the network; RR-alike deployment * Path Computation Element 91
91.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public XTC consolidates the topologies • XTC combines the different topologies to compute paths across entire topology Domain1 Domain2 A BR1 BR3 BR2 BR4 Domain3 Z BR5 BR6 BGP-LSPeering links Domain1 Domain2 A BR1 BR3 BR2 BR4 Domain3 Z BR5 BR6 XTC 92
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© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public XTC – High Availability (HA) • XTC leverages the well-known standardized PCE HA • Head-end sends PCEP Report for its SR Policies to all connected XTC nodes • Head-end delegates control to its primary XTC • Delegate flag (D) is set in PCRept to primary XTC • Upon failure of the primary XTC, head-end re-delegates control to another XTC 93
93.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public SR TE • Simple, Automated and Scalable – No core state: state in the packet header – No tunnel interface: “SR Policy” – No headend a-priori configuration: on-demand policy instantiation – No headend a-priori steering: on-demand steering • Multi-Domain – XTC • Lots of Functionality – Designed with lead operators along their use-cases 94
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Real Conclusion
95.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Segment Routing is Really About Simplification Description “Classic” Network SR/EVPN Management Plane CLI, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, Syslog, NetFlow, BMP, RCMD, Netconf, E-OAM, MPLS-OAM, YANG (IETF/OpenConfig), gRPC, GPB, PCEP, etc. NC/YANG, SR- OAM, SR Traffic Matrix, Telemetry Service Plane L2VPN, L3VPN, BGP-VPLS, LDP-VPLS, EVPN, L2TPv3, GRE, PPP, OTV, LISP, NSH, etc. EVPN (+ L3VPN) Control Plane OSPFv2 (IPv4), OSPFv3 (IPv6), ISIS, LDP, T- LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP, Controller, etc. IGP (incl. FRR) BGP Forwarding Plane IP, MPLS, IPv6, VXLAN, PBB, LISP, GRE, MPLSoGRE, etc. SR MPLS/IPv6 96 Simplification is really about saving XYZ…
96.
© 2017 Cisco
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Stay Up-To-Date on SR http://www.segment-routing.net/ https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8266623 https://twitter.com/SegmentRouting https://www.facebook.com/SegmentRouting/ amzn.com/B01I58LSUO 97
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