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Aseptic technique
it is necessary to sterilize and keep
sterile all instruments,
material supplies that come in contact
with the surgical site.
Every item handled by the surgeon and
the surgeon’s assistants must be sterile
• The patient’s skin and
the hands of the
members of the
surgical team must be
thoroughly scrubbed,
prepared, and kept as
aseptic as possible.
Donning of glove
Instruments used in Maxillofacial
Surgery
• Instruments for wash down (Disinfection)
• Instruments for surgical draping (isolation of surgical field)
• Instruments for cutting
• Instruments for retraction
• Instruments for hemostasis
• Instruments for tissue holding
• Instruments for scraping (curettage)
• Instruments for bone surgery
• Instruments for suturing
• Instruments for dressing
• Instruments for cleft surgery
• Instruments for exodontia
• Instruments for anesthesia
Instruments for wash down
(Disinfection)
• Sponge forcep or holder
• Gallipot a small glazed pot used by apothecaries for
medicines,
• Kidney tray
• After the patient is anesthetized and positioned on the operating
room table, the preoperative skin prep is done by the surgeon,
assistant surgeon, or circulator.
• This means the skin of the operative site and an extensive area
round the site is mechanically cleansed again with an antiseptic
solution prior to draping.
• A sterile skin prep tray is opened on the prep table.
• Usually, the prep tray is disposable, but the prep tray always
contains two or more towels, small basin for solutions, sponges
(these sponges must not be confused with the counted sponges on
the instrument tray), and applicators.
Sponge Holder
Kidney
Tray
Gallipot
Scrubs with a circular, ever-
widening motion
Sponge Holder
Instruments for surgical draping
• Towel clips
– Spring type
– Lock type
– Surgical Towels
– square towel
– split towel
– draw sheets
Towel Clips
Spring Type Lock Type
Suction Tip
Sterile Draping secured with tower clips
Adson’s Tissue Forceps ( Tooth & Non-tooth )
Instruments for cutting
• Scapel A knife used in surgical dissection.
• Blade holder (Bard Parker Handle )
• Detachable surgical blade
• Disposable or Single Use Scapel
• Lancet A surgical knife with a short, wide, sharp-
pointed, two-edged blade.
Bard-Parker Blade Holder
No. 7
No. 3
Surgical Blades
10 11 12 15
Blade Holder and Scapels
Instruments for cutting
• Scissors
Tissue scissors
Suture scissors
Dressing scissors
Serrated scissors
Heavy scissors
Pointed
Round
Curved
straight
Mc Indoe’s Tissue Scissors
Mc Indoe’s
Tissue
Scissors
Suture Scissors
Dressing
Scissors
Flat on End Serrated Gum Scissors
Instruments for retraction
• Retractors
– An instrument for drawing aside the edges of a wound or for
holding back structures adjacent to the operative field.
Skin Hook
Retractors
Hernia
Retractor
Prong
Retractor
Austin’s
Retractor
Tongue
Depressor
Austin’s Retractor
Periosteal Elevator
Langenbeck’s Retractors
Skin Hook Nasal Hook
Tissue Holding Instruments
• Forceps An instrument for seizing a structure, and
making compression or traction. Cf. clamp.
• Tissue Forceps
• Dissecting Forceps
• Tweezers
• An instrument with pincers that are squeezed
together to grasp or extract fine structures.
Gillie’s Dissecting Forceps (Tooth & Non-tooth)
Allis’s Tissue Forcep
Instruments for hemostasis
• Artery forceps
– straight
– curved
– Mosquito
• a small hemostat, straight or curved, with or without
teeth; used to hold delicate tissue or for hemostasis.
mosquito forceps. Also known as mosquito clamp
Artery Forcep
• Serration = artery
forcep
• Rasp like surface
• Groove
• Needle holder
Bone Instruments
• Periosteal Elevator & Raspatory
• Bone Cutter
• Bone Holder
• Bone Curette
• Bone File
• Bone Chisel
• Osteotome
• Bone saw
Periosteal Elevator
Howarth
Periosteal
Elevator
Raspatory
Plastic
Instrument
Periosteal elevator
Chisel, Mallet & Osteotome
Chisel Osteotome
Curved Chisel
Bone Gouge
Rongeur
Strong biting forceps for
nipping away bone
Bone-holding Forceps
Bone Holding
Gigli’s Saw
Bone
File
Alveolectomy
File
Williger’s
Curette
Hemingway’s Curette
Molt’s Curette
Special Instruments
• Instruments for circumferential wiring
• Instruments for nasal bone fracture
• Instruments for Malar complex fracture
Wire
Cutter
Wire
Twister
(Spancer
Well
Artery
Forcep)
Tongue Depressor
Wire
Twister
Wire
Cutter
Bone Awl
Ash
Forcep
Walsham
Forcep
Bristol’s Elevator
• Rowe’s elevator
• Howarth’s raspatory
• Artery forcep
• 15 blade and handle
Bristol’s Elevator
Gillies Temporal Approach
Instruments for I&D
• Sinus forcep
• Blade (# 11 - # 12 )and Blade holder
• Curette
• Drainage tubes
• Kidney tray
Sinus
Forcep
Sinus Forcep
Instruments for suturing
• Needle holders
• Dissecting forcep
• Suture scissors
Mayo Halsted’s
Needle Holder
Gillie’s
Needle Holder
Gillie’s Dissecting Forceps (Tooth & Non-tooth)
Root elevators
• Straight
• Curved
• Apex elevator
• Root tip pick
Coupland’s Elevator Bein’s Elevator
Winter’s Exolever
Warwick Jame’s
Elevator
Irrigation Syringe
Instruments for cleft surgery
• Calibrator
• Marking ink and pencil
• Dingmann mouth gag
• Fine skin hook
Calibrator
Dingman’s Mouth Gag
Dingmann’s Mouth Gag
Instruments for anesthesia
• Anesthetic face masks
• Laryngoscope
• Laryngeal forcep
• Endotracheal tubes
• Guedel airways
• Nasopharyngeal airways
• Throat packs
• Mouth gags and props
Laryngoscope
Face Mask
Orotracheal
Tube
RAE tube
Plain Cuffed
Nasotracheal Tube
Endotracheal tube intubation:Endotracheal tube intubation:
Vocal cordVocal cord
Lift forward & upwardLift forward & upward
Sellick maneuverSellick maneuver
Length: 19~23cmLength: 19~23cm
CuffCuff
Check position: stethoscope, CXRCheck position: stethoscope, CXR
Laryngoscope and Orotracheal tube
Orotracheal Intubation
Plain Cuffed
Magill’s
Forcep
Fergusson’s Mouth Gag
Mouth Gag
Mushin’s Mouth Prop
Oxygen therapy:Oxygen therapy:
Nasal cannulaNasal cannula SimpleSimple
maskmask
VentriVentri
maskmask
Non-Non-
rebreathingrebreathing
maskmask
FiOFiO22
24%24% 100%100%
Airways:Airways:
OropharyngealOropharyngeal
airwayairway
NasopharyngealNasopharyngeal
airwayairway

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