4. Change in Social System and
Interaction
may effect Health System
General effect on health from changes in national
economic growth – link between ‘health and
wealth’
Environmental degradation (e.g. air, water
pollution)
Improved access to knowledge and technology
Marketing of harmful products & unhealthy
behaviours
Conflict & security
Cross-border transmission of disease
5. Change in Social System and
Interaction may effect
Specific Public Health Issues
Infectious disease control
Food safety
Tobacco
Environment
Access to drugs
Food security
Emerging issues (biotechnology….)
Health services
6. Essential Services of Public Health
นักการสาธารณสุขยุคศตวรรษที่ 21 ให้บริการ 10 เรื่อง
1. Monitor health status to identify and
solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health
problems and health hazards in the
community
3. Inform, educate, and empower people
about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships to
identify and solve health problems
5. Develop policies and plans that
support individual and community healthที่มา Institute of Medicine report 1988 - The Future of Public Health.
7. Essential Services of Public Health
นักการสาธารณสุขยุคศตวรรษที่ 21 ให้บริการ 10 เรื่อง
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect
health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed services / assure the
provision of health care when otherwise
unavailable
8. Assure a competent public and personal health
care workforce
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality
of personal and population-based health services
10.Research for new insights and innovative
solutions to health problems
ที่มา Institute of Medicine report 1988 - The Future of Public Health.
9. เป้ าหมายการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืนภายหลังปี ค.ศ. 2015
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages
UN Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda
การประชุมสมัชชาสหประชาชาติ (UNGA) สมัยสามัญ ครั้งที่ 70 ณ นครนิวยอร์กสหรัฐอเมริกา
ระหว่างวันที่ 23 กันยายน -1 ตุลาคม 2558
10. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages
3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality
ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns
and children under 5 years of age, with all
countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to
at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and
under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per
1,000 live births
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical
diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne
diseases and other communicable diseases
11. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality
from non-communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and promote mental
health and well-being
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of
substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse
and harmful use of alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents
3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services, including for
family planning, information and education, and the
integration of reproductive health into national
strategies and programmes
12. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature
mortality from non-communicable diseases
through prevention and treatment and
promote mental health and well-being
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of
substance abuse, including narcotic drug
abuse and harmful use of alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths
and injuries from road traffic accidents
13. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages
3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including
financial risk protection, access to quality
essential health-care services and access to
safe, effective, quality and affordable essential
medicines and vaccines for all
14. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of
deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and
contamination
33. ปัจจัยเสี่ยงสาคัญที่เป็ นสาเหตุของการสูญเสียปี สุขภาวะ
เปรียบเทียบระหว่างปี 2004 และ 2009
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco smoking
High blood pressure
High BMI
Not wearing helmet
Unsafe sex
High cholesterol
Low intake of fruit and vegetable
Physical inactivity
Water, sanitation and hygiene
Air pollution
Illicit drugs use
Not wearing seatbelt
Malnutrition
DALYs('000)
2009
2004
33
“การสาธารณสุข” หรือ “การแพทย์”
39. INSTITUTIONAL
POWER
Corporations &
businesses
Government
agencies
Schools
Laws &
regulations
Not-for-profit
organizations
RISK
BEHAVIORS
Risk Behaviors
Smoking
Poor nutrition
Low physical
activity
Violence
Alcohol & other
Drugs
Sexual behavior
LIVING CONDITIONS
Physical environment
Land use
Transportation
Housing
Residential segregation
Exposure to toxins
Social environment
Experience of class,
racism, gender,
immigration
Culture, incl. media
Violence
Economic & Work
Environment
Employment
Income
Retail businesses
Occupational hazards
Service environment
Health care
Education
Social services
DISEASE
& INJURY
Communicable
disease
Chronic
disease
Injury
(intentional &
&unintentional)
MORTALITY
Infant
mortality
Life
expectancy
SOCIAL
INEQUITIES
Class
Race/ethnicity
Immigration
status
Gender
Sexual
orientation
UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
Community capacity
building
Community organizing
Civic engagement
Strategic
partnerships
Advocacy
Individual health
education
Health care
Emerging Public Health
Practice
Current Public Health
Practice
POLICY
Case
management
SDH: A PUBLIC HEALTH FRAMEWORK
•Teenage pregnancy, substance
abuse, and violence
•NCD
40. New kinds of practitioners
Family physicians
Formal training (3 years)
In-service training (3 years)
80
83
Family Practice Learning (1 year)
53. SWOT Analysis
Threat ? Or Opportunity ?
Range of services
provided outside tradition
: Ambulatory care
programs, home care,
long-term care, community
health centers, etc.
Growing involvement with
the community to address
underlying health issues
54. SWOT Analysis
Threat ? Or Opportunity ?
Involvement in community to address
underlying health issues : ความหมายใหม่ที่กว้างขวางของ
“ชุมชนมีส่วนร่วม” สมรสกับชาวต่างชาติ
Increasing regulatory pressures : กฎหมายที่เกี่ยวกับ
สุขภาพและการสาธารณสุข
55. SWOT Analysis
Threat ? Or Opportunity ?
Changing
reimbursement
systems : ระบบการเงินการคลัง
และ “เงินแห้ง”
Expanding private sector
involvement
Involvement of
professions, physicians,
and other health
professionals in strategic
planning
External standards for
56. SWOT Analysis
Threat ? Or Opportunity ?
Demand for
accountability and value
Focus safety and quality
Rapidly developing
technologies
Information demands ,
Development of
information systems ,
Artificial intelligence
57. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Greater emphasis
on teamwork
Social contract
accountability for
governance
Corporatization of
health services
organizations
Demands to
improve the quality
of care
58. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Demands to control costs, efficiency,
productivity, and value : ต้นทุน ประสิทธิผล ผลิตภาพ
คุณค่าที่ได้รับ
Comprehensive and integrated clinical and
financial information systems : ข้อมูลผลลัพธ์ทางคลินิก
ข้อมูลการเงิ
Constrained financial resources : การบริหารงบประมาณ
และแหล่งเงินทุน
59. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Changing working
relationships
Increasing knowledge,
Gen Y workers : หน่วยงานด้าน
สาธารณสุข และบริการสุขภาพปัจจุบัน
แตกต่างจากเมื่อ 20 ปีที่แล้วอย่างสิ้นเชิง
Coordinate activities
internally
Increasing use of information technology in the workplace Increasing need to
coordinate activities internally and to manage conflict creatively Increasing
recognition of the need for inter-organizational collaboration among public and private
organizations to more effectively deal with preventable diseases. Examples: SARS,
influenza and AIDS.
61. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Managing conflict
creatively
Collaboration
among public
and private
organizations to
address
preventable
diseases
62. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Patient satisfaction
surveys to modify
practices
Broad sets of
performance indicators
Community-based care
Focus on "customer" and people-centered
คาที่ใช ้บ่อยแต่ปฏิบัติไม่บ่อย
63. SWOT Analysis
Weakness ? Or Strength ?
Value of
nonhierarchical
leaders who can
lead change
processes
Emphasis on teamwork
and collaboration with
nontraditional partners
Integrating functions and processes, Promoting ethical work
practices , Trust development : ความไว ้เนื้อเชื่อใจซึ่งกันและกัน
Emphasis on horizontal teams and collaborative practices
66. Building blocks :
Integration of building blocks
Leadership/
stewardship
Human
Resources
Pharmaceuticals
Planning
and M&E
Health Care
Financing
Health
Services
67. Service delivery
“Service delivery” building block
integration of programmes at the point of service
delivery
Integrated packages of services (i.e., FP/HIV,
HIV/TB etc.);
Definition of roles of primary and other levels of
care in delivering the packages;
Development of referral system
Establishment of service standards;
Continuity of care
68. Service delivery
Health Extension Workers provide
integrated promotive, preventive and basic
curative services at community level
Health Extension Package include
prevention of HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB; malaria prevention
and control; first aid emergency measures; maternal,
newborn and child health; family planning; immunization;
nutrition; adolescent reproductive health;excreta
disposal; solid and liquid waste disposal; water supply;
food hygiene and safety measures; healthy home
environment; control of insects and rodents; personal
hygiene; health education and communication.
69. Health workforce
“Health workforce” building block
Intersectoral collaboration;
Public-private partnership;
Quality assurance in training;
Geographic distribution of HWs;
Regulatory system; and
Cost-effectiveness in staff retention and
mechanisms.
72. Information
Community-based information system
based on an integrated Family Folder
(FF)
• FF designed as an integrated and
comprehensive data collection and
documentation tool to be used by Health
Extension Workers;
• To meet the information needs in order to
manage family-centered services at community
level;
73. Medical products, vaccines and
technologies
“Medical products, vaccines and
technologies” building block
Integration of pharmaceutical supply and
services;
Local production of pharmaceutical supply and
services;
Increased efficiency with lower prices for clients;
Drug and therapeutic committees in facilities;
Integrated pharmaceutical logistic system
74. Financing
Health care financing reform
Revenue retention and utilization
Facility governance
Health insurance
Social health insurance (UCS, SSS, CSMBS)
Community-based health insurance
Financial/expenditure management and
control
Integrated Financial Management Information
System
77. The strategic triangle
A new approach to strategic management in the public
sector:
Political management
Political support as “… an axiomatic
principle of public sector
management.”
Cooperation management
Collaboration,
coproduction and networking
between social actors
Operations Management
Maximizing efficiency
and effectiveness
(Managing up)
(Managing outward) (Managing down)
Key person:
Head of department
responsible for all three
dimensions of strategic
management
Key persons:
Middle management
main responsibility for cooperation and operations management
Key persons:
Staff
main responsibility for operations
การขับเคลื่อน
ยุทธศาสตร์
การสาธารณสุขชุมชน
(adapted from Moore, 1995)