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HARITHA ANIL KUMAR
HARITHA ANIL KUMAR

economic geology

Educação
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Submitted To, Suraj Sir Submitted By, Jeenu Jose
COAL FORMATION
RANK OF COAL
STAGES IN COAL FORMATION • BIOCHEMICAL STAGE • GEOCHEMICAL STAGE
PERIOD OF COAL FORMATION • CARBONIFEROUS to QUATERNARY PERIOD • JURASSIC to CRETACEOUS PERIOD • TERTIARY PERIOD
THEORIES RELATED TO ORIGIN OF COAL SEAMS • INSITU THEORY • DRIFT THEORY
RANK V/S GRADE
GRADE OF COAL MINERALS IN COAL • MOST COMMON MINERALS • Clay-Kaolinite • Quartz • Carbonate minerals- Calcite, Dolomite, Siderite • Pyrite • LESS COMMON MINERALS • Apatite • Zircon • Rutile
GRADE OF COKING COAL GRADES ASH CONTENT STEEL I <15% STEEL II 15-18% WASHERY GRADE I 18-21% WASHERY GRADEII 21-24% WASHERY GRADE III 24-28% WASHERY GRADE IV 28-35% SEMI COKING I <19% SEMI COKING II 19-24% HARD COKE BY PRODUCT PREMIUM <25% ORDINARY 25-30% BECHIVE PREMIUM <27% BECHIVE SUPERIOR 27-31% BECHIVE ORDINARY 32-36%
GRADING OF NON COKING COAL GRADE USEFUL HEAT VALUE (Kcal/Kg) A >6200 B 5601-6200 C 4941-5600 D 4201-4940 E 3361-4200 F 2401-3360 G 1301-2400 USEFUL HEAT VALUE =8900 - 138 * [ ASH % + MOISTURE % ]
FUEL RATIO • FUEL RATIO = FIXED CARBON VOLATILE MATTER P FRAZER (1887) COAL CLASSIFICATION COAL FUEL RATIO DRY COAL 100-12 SEMI ANTHRACITE 12-8 SUB BITUMINOUS 8-5 BITUMINOUS 5-0
FUEL RATIO • CAMPBELL COAL CLASSIFICATION COAL FUEL RATIO ANTHRACITE 10-50 SEMI ANTHRACITE 5-10 SEMI BITUMINOUS 2.5-5 BITUMINOUS < 2.5
MICROSCOPIC CONSTITUENTS OF COAL • MACERALS – 3 • HUMINITE/ VITRINITE • EXINITE/ LIPTINITE • INERTINITE
ORGANIC MATTER IN COAL VITRINITE INERTINITE (Fusinite-inert ) INERTINITE (Semi- Fusinite)
FORMATION OF LIPTINITE
VITRINITE REFLECTANCE
KEROGEN • Type I Kerogen (Alginite) • Type II Kerogen(Exinite) • Type III Kerogen (Sulfurous/Vitrinite) • Type IV Kerogen (Inertinite)
QUALITY OF ORGANIC MATTER KEROGEN TYPE KEROGEN COMPOSITION ORIGIN HYDROGEN CONTENT MAIN PRODUCT EXPELLED AT PEAK MATURITY I Amorphous/ Alginite Luccustrine algae Hydrogen rich Oil II Exinite Spores, planktonic debris Hydrogen rich Oil III Vitrinite Land plants Hydrogen poor Gas IV Inertinite Fossil Charcoal Fungal remains Hydrogen poor Gas
VAN KREVELEN DIAGRAM
Thank you

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Coal

  • 2.
  • 5.
  • 6. STAGES IN COAL FORMATION • BIOCHEMICAL STAGE • GEOCHEMICAL STAGE
  • 7. PERIOD OF COAL FORMATION • CARBONIFEROUS to QUATERNARY PERIOD • JURASSIC to CRETACEOUS PERIOD • TERTIARY PERIOD
  • 8. THEORIES RELATED TO ORIGIN OF COAL SEAMS • INSITU THEORY • DRIFT THEORY
  • 10. GRADE OF COAL MINERALS IN COAL • MOST COMMON MINERALS • Clay-Kaolinite • Quartz • Carbonate minerals- Calcite, Dolomite, Siderite • Pyrite • LESS COMMON MINERALS • Apatite • Zircon • Rutile
  • 11. GRADE OF COKING COAL GRADES ASH CONTENT STEEL I <15% STEEL II 15-18% WASHERY GRADE I 18-21% WASHERY GRADEII 21-24% WASHERY GRADE III 24-28% WASHERY GRADE IV 28-35% SEMI COKING I <19% SEMI COKING II 19-24% HARD COKE BY PRODUCT PREMIUM <25% ORDINARY 25-30% BECHIVE PREMIUM <27% BECHIVE SUPERIOR 27-31% BECHIVE ORDINARY 32-36%
  • 12. GRADING OF NON COKING COAL GRADE USEFUL HEAT VALUE (Kcal/Kg) A >6200 B 5601-6200 C 4941-5600 D 4201-4940 E 3361-4200 F 2401-3360 G 1301-2400 USEFUL HEAT VALUE =8900 - 138 * [ ASH % + MOISTURE % ]
  • 13. FUEL RATIO • FUEL RATIO = FIXED CARBON VOLATILE MATTER P FRAZER (1887) COAL CLASSIFICATION COAL FUEL RATIO DRY COAL 100-12 SEMI ANTHRACITE 12-8 SUB BITUMINOUS 8-5 BITUMINOUS 5-0
  • 14. FUEL RATIO • CAMPBELL COAL CLASSIFICATION COAL FUEL RATIO ANTHRACITE 10-50 SEMI ANTHRACITE 5-10 SEMI BITUMINOUS 2.5-5 BITUMINOUS < 2.5
  • 15. MICROSCOPIC CONSTITUENTS OF COAL • MACERALS – 3 • HUMINITE/ VITRINITE • EXINITE/ LIPTINITE • INERTINITE
  • 16.
  • 17. ORGANIC MATTER IN COAL VITRINITE INERTINITE (Fusinite-inert ) INERTINITE (Semi- Fusinite)
  • 19.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. KEROGEN • Type I Kerogen (Alginite) • Type II Kerogen(Exinite) • Type III Kerogen (Sulfurous/Vitrinite) • Type IV Kerogen (Inertinite)
  • 24. QUALITY OF ORGANIC MATTER KEROGEN TYPE KEROGEN COMPOSITION ORIGIN HYDROGEN CONTENT MAIN PRODUCT EXPELLED AT PEAK MATURITY I Amorphous/ Alginite Luccustrine algae Hydrogen rich Oil II Exinite Spores, planktonic debris Hydrogen rich Oil III Vitrinite Land plants Hydrogen poor Gas IV Inertinite Fossil Charcoal Fungal remains Hydrogen poor Gas