Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste: Dyestuffs or pigment. Wetting agents. Thickener. Solvents dispersing agents. Defoaming agents. Oxidizing and reducing agents. Catalyst and oxygen carrier. Acid and alkali. Career and swelling agent. Miscellaneous agent

1. BRANCH: TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT: TEXTILE PROCESSING – II
TOPIC: PRINTING INGREDIENTS
GROUP NO: 1
SEMESTER: 4th

2. PREPARED BY:
CHIRAG BANSAL (160420129003)
CHAUDHARY VIKESH (160420129002)
CHANDARANA SMIT (150420129002)
GUIDED BY:
PROF. JAVED S. KHAN
PROF. AMIT V. HALBE

3.  Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric
according to design. For printing it is required to produce
printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is
made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A
good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing
effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste.
There are different types of ingredients are used to make
printing paste

4. INGREDIENTS:
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
 Dyestuffs or pigment.
 Wetting agents.
 Thickener.
 Solvents dispersing agents.
 Defoaming agents.
 Oxidizing and reducing agents.
 Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
 Acid and alkali.
 Career and swelling agent.
 Miscellaneous agent

5. DYE OR PIGMENT:
Functions:
 Attraction of dyestuff to the fiber due to presence of
auxochrome.
 To achieve color effect on the fabric.
 To produce required shade.
Example: Vat, Azoic, Reactive, Direct dye etc.

6. WETTING AGENT:
Functions:
 To wet the fabric as well as dyestuff.
 To reduce surface tension of water allowing the dyestuff
for easy penetration into fiber.
 To obtain smooth paste.
 To dissolve the dyestuff in the paste.
Example: Olive oil, T.R oil, Caster oil, Lissapol N, Animal oil,
Glycerine.

7. SOLVENTS
( D ISPER SIN G A GEN TS/SOLU TION A C ID S) :
Functions:
 To get bright designs.
 To assist dye penetration as well as dye fixation.
 To spread dye molecules evenly in the paste
 To prevent aggregation of dye molecules in the highly
concentrated of the dye.
 To prevent precipitation.
 To increase solubility of the dyes.
 To make proper printing shade.
Example: Urea, Glycerine, Desirable, Alcohol, Acetone, etc.

8. THICKENERS:
Functions:
 To give required viscosity to the printing paste
 To prevent premature reactions between the chemicals
contained in the print paste.
 To hold the ingredients of the print paste on the fabric.
Example: Na-alginate, Fine gum, British gum, CMC.

9. DEFOAMING AGENTS:
Functions:
 To prevent the foam generation during printing.
Example: Silicone, Defoamers, Sulphated oil, Perminol
KB, Emulsified pine oil.

10. OXIDIZING AGENTS:
Functions:
 To develop the final color during steaming or in the
subsequent after treatment.
 Assists to dye fixation.
Example: Sodium chlorate, Potasium chlorate, Sodium
nitrate, Resist salt, Ammonium chlorite, Ludigol, Na or K
dichromate

11. REDUCING AGENTS:
Functions:
 Used for reduction of different dyes.
 Used for mainly in discharge printing.
 To destroy color from the ground of fabric.
 To make the insoluble dyes to soluble.
Example: Sodium hydrosulphite, Stanus chloride etc.
Rongolite-C.

12. CATALYST AND OXYGEN
CARRIER:
Functions:
 To prevent fiber damage during steaming.
 Accelerate the final color development by oxidation.
 Reduce the risk of oxidation.
Example: Copper sulphide, Ammonium vanadate,
Potassium ferrocyanide.

13. ACIDS/ALKALIS:
Functions:
 To maintain pH.
 To develop the color or printed fabric.
 To fix dye on the fabric permanently.
Example: Organic acid, Alkali KOH, NaOH, Na2CO3,
Potassium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium
acetate.

14. SWELLING AGENTS:
Functions:
 To create the big size holes of the fibers.
 Helps to swell the fiber structure.
 To reduce crystallinity.
 Help the easy penetration of dye molecule inside the fiber
polymer.
Example: Polyethylene glycol, Phenols, DEGDA (Di-ethylene
glycol diacetate)

15. CARRIER:
Functions:
 Used for fixing disperse dyes on polyester or polyester
wool blends at temperature below 105ºC.
Example: Diphenol, Ortho-phenol, Tri-chloro benzene

16. MISCELLANEOUS
AGENT:
Functions:
 Assist fixation of dyes.
 Absorb moisture from air.
 Facilitates subsequent washing off.
Example: Urea, Glycerine etc.

17. MILD OXIDIZING AGENT:
Functions:
 During steaming of ago color, the partial color can be
destroyed by the effect of reducing. To secure of this
condition, mild agent is used.
Example: Ludigol, Resist salt.

18. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND
REFERENCES:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_printing#Preparation_of_colours
 http://www.textilestudent.com/the-functions-of-ingredients-are-used-in-
printing-paste/
 https://textileapex.blogspot.in/2015/04/basic-ingredients-of-printing.html
 http://fashion2apparel.blogspot.com/2017/08/printing-paste-ingredients-
functions.html

19. THANK
YOU