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Semelhante a Day 1 session 2: Global and regional evidence base on what works to prevent violence against women
Semelhante a Day 1 session 2: Global and regional evidence base on what works to prevent violence against women (20)
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Day 1 session 2: Global and regional evidence base on what works to prevent violence against women
- 1. Session 2: Global and regional evidence base on what works to prevent violence against women WORKSHOP On Second Five Years of National Action Plan on Prevention and Combatting of Violence against Women (2021 – 2025) Vientiane, Lao PDR 18-19 Dec 2019
- 2. Violence against women prevention • Violence against women is not inevitable. • Evidence and successful prevention projects, show that violence against women can be prevented.
- 3. What is primary prevention? • Actions and interventions to stop violence before it starts by addressing the different factors associated with it. • Primary prevention is about enhancement of protective factors and reduction and mitigation of risk factors • Actions may enhance factors that promote safety, gender equality, non-violence and peace, and/or influence factors that contribute to violence such as impunity and inequality. Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention Violent Event Occurs Past Future
- 4. How VAW exists…. Lori Heise 2011 / Lancet 2014
- 5. Partners for Prevention Study: Men and Violence There are different patterns of prevalence UNMulti-CountryStudyonMenandViolence inAsiaandthePacific,2013
- 6. Partners for Prevention Study: risk factors UNMulti-CountryStudyonMenandViolence inAsiaandthePacific,2013
- 7. Lack of economic rights & entitlements for women Discriminatory Family Law Women’s access to employment Acceptance of wife beating Male right to control female behaviour Stigma for divorced/ single women Male honour linked to female purity Lack of legal or moral sanctions for VAWG Experiencing or witnessing violence in childhood Accepts violence to solve problems Unequal decision making Poor communication High conflict Challenge to male authority Asserting female autonomy Failure to meet gender role expectations Child sexual abuse Witnessing mother beaten Tolerance of VAWG Woman’s employment** Participating in credit schemes** Asset ownership**
- 8. Prevention Approaches: Across Levels Lancet 2014
- 9. • Unifying ‘road map’ to maximize the success of combined efforts of coordinated and well-targeted approaches to prevention. • Shared understanding regarding the factors contributing to and protecting against VAW, and the role different sectors and disciplines can play to prevent this violence. • Benchmark current evidence and knowledge to provide a base on which to continue to build. UN Framework for Violence against Women Prevention Joint UN Framework for EVAW Prevention-2015
- 10. UN Framework, 2015 The ecological approach Joint UN Framework for EVAW Prevention-2015
- 11. Foundations for Prevention: • State’s commitment to gender equality, accountability for violence and prevention. • Awareness of VAW as a human rights violation and of the extent, consequences and causes of VAW • Adequate resources (budgets, human resources and capacity strengthening to address VAW). • Tools, knowledge and skills to support prevention. • Multi-sectoral planning and coordination mechanisms • Strong leadership by government, and increased funding and support to civil society Joint UN Framework for EVAW Prevention-2015
- 12. Evidence review: Effective/promising programming 12 Microfinance combined with gender transformative interventions Relationship-level interventions grounded in gender theory that engage in both single-sex and mixed-sex discussion groups Group education with community outreach including engaging men and boys Community mobilisation focusing on changing social norms Whole school interventions Parenting programmes
- 13. Evidence review: Ineffective/conflicting evidence programming 13 WASH interventions in schools Single component communication campaigns (e.g., awareness raising) Once off workshops not grounded in gender transformative approaches School curriculum-based interventions Bystander interventions
- 15. Prevention: Not just working with men, but transformation of social norms 15 Use gender transformative curricula, which promote a critical reflection about masculinities Include participation of girls and women Provide opportunities for modeling and reinforcing positive gender roles and relations Have frequent and sustained activities Address risk factors for violence Work across different levels of the ecological model
- 17. • Prevention actions often help women realize the violence in their own lives, and they will in turn ask for help and safety • We must ensure that sites chosen for prevention interventions have services available for survivors - and that women who need help know where to turn Prevention and response go hand in hand
- 18. • Critical to integrate response support services for survivors of VAWG, or referrals to services, within prevention programmes. • Talking about violence against women prompts survivors to seek help, and services need to be available to respond to their needs. Linking essential services and prevention
Notas do Editor
- Primary prevention – approaches that aim to prevent violence before it occurs/even begins; Directed at entire population, without knowing their abuse status; primary prevention interventions address the underlying causal factors or drivers of SIPV Secondary prevention – approaches that focus on the more immediate responses to violence; Reducing repeat violence among those previously victimised; Directed at those known to have been victims or perpetrators of abuse in order to prevent future violence Tertiary prevention – approaches that focus on long-term care in the wake of violence; Addressing needs of survivors; Reforming institutional responses RESPONSES Addressing needs of victims Improving response of institutions Holding perpetrators accountable “Risk” and “protective” factors– are embedded in policy, social norms, institutional structures, dynamics of social relations, individual attitudes and behaviors. “[The] public health approach to violence prevention seeks to improve the health and safety of all individuals by addressing underlying risk factors that increase the likelihood that an individual will become a victim or a perpetrator of violence.” (WHO) Provide the maximum benefit to the largest number of people .
- THIS IS FROM A WORKSHOP WE HAD IN FEB 2015 to DESIGN OUR SCHOOL BASED WORK WHERE IT ALL STARTS: THE CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (GLOBAL) Unequal distribution of power Support for inequality Behaviour and attitudes that support violence Culture that supports and uses violence as a means to settle disputes Cultural approval/acceptance of violence against women Support for privacy of family over safety and wellbeing
- Look at the light blue, versions the purple and green…this gives a visual of the variance.
- Weighted risk factors of combined data set This visual shows two sides of the coin in terms of men performance of masculinities, and the relationship to men’ use of violence
- Reviews of intervention evaluations and lessons from practice have found core principles for effective VAWG prevention programming. Prevention actions must occur across all spheres of the socioecological model (e.g., individual, interpersonal, community, and societal) engaging with entire communities to address manifestations of the causal and risk factors that will drive sustained social norm change. Overall, multi-component interventions that engage with multiple stakeholders are more effective than single-component interventions, and a gender transformative approach is essential within all programming types. Further, programmes that engage men only or women only are less effective than those that engage both men and women. The evidence also reveals that face-to-face, participatory engagement is necessary to achieve transformation. Programmes and interventions must address an intersectional gender and power analysis in accessible and meaningful ways grounded in feminist principles that make achievement of gender equality a key focus. Programming should be driven by sound theory of change models built from the existing evidence-base. Multisector interventions are necessary to reach across the socioecological model and this will require sustained investment and partnerships across sectors with a long-term commitment. Programming should be empowering and aspirational to promote personal and collective critical reflection and activism that will drive personal and collective transformation. Michau, L., Horn, J., Bank, A., Dutt, M. & Zimmerman, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: lessons from practice. The Lancet, 385 (9978): 1672–1684. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14) 61797-9. AND Fulu, E., & Kerr-Wilson, A., 2015. Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls. A summary of the Evidence. What Works to Prevent Violence.
- To tackle the Causes of Ending VAW Research tells us we need: A coordinated approach to developing, funding and implementing programs for ending violence Well funded and resourced justice responses Well funded and resourced early intervention and prevention Community action on, and support for, ending violence against women (Lancet 2014)
- Prevention Policy Framework When we think about laws and public policy that are geared toward the prevention of violence against women – we need to think more broadly than just specific laws that focus on violence – a lot more than criminalization, protection and response laws Laws on against use of violence and for protection of women - for example Domestic Violence laws and acts and CEDAW Rights and Empowerment – Laws to Protect Women’s Rights Inheritance laws, policies to promote women’s political and economic advancement Norms and Values – Media campaigns, Education policies, labour policies to promote more positive roles both for women and men Part of this diagram is recognizing your role – how you and your organization are best placed to advocate for certain policies
- International evidence has been consolidated in the UN Framework to Underpin Action to Prevention Violence Against Women to inform policies and programming planning on primary prevention of VAWG. This Framework displays the complexity of underlying causal and risk factors driving VAWG. The social norms, practices, and structures of gender inequality and violence acceptance perpetuate VAWG. Further, the intergenerational cycle of VAWG that creates a self-sustaining system of ongoing violence throughout the lifespan has been well established. Programmes and interventions must address these issues in order to prevention VAWG. http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2015/11/prevention-framework Michau, L., Horn, J., Bank, A., Dutt, M. & Zimmerman, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: lessons from practice. The Lancet, 385 (9978): 1672–1684. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14) 61797-9. AND Fulu, E., Warner, X., Miedema, S., Jewkes, R., Roselli, T. & Lang, J. (2013). Why do some men use violence against women and how can we prevent it? Quantitative findings from the United Nations multi-country study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and UNV. Accessed from: http://www.partners4prevention.org/node/515 Guedes, A., Bott, S., Garcia-Moreno, C., & Colombini, M. (2016). Bridging the gaps: a global review of intersectionsn of violence against women and violence against children. Global Health Action (9), 31516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.31516 AND Fulu, E. & Heise, L. (2015). State of the field of research on violence against women and girls. What Works: Pretoria, South Africa.
- Survivors can be triggered by prevention initiatives, or realized that they have been experiencing violence and need access to essential services such as health, social services, police and justice.