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Sensor Technology
- 1. Understanding and Applying Sensor Technology Boadu A. Charles Jnr
- 2. …a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Sensors
- 3. Where we can find them • Cars (60-100 sensors) • Phones (6-10 sensors) • ATMs • Homes and offices • Airports
- 5. Sensors Force Sensors How it works Changes resistance when a force or pressure is applied. Resistance is inversely proportional to the force applied. Applications • Pressure sensor (someone standing/ sitting) • Impact testing
- 6. Sensors Flex Sensor How it works Detects when something is bent and measure the degree of bend. Resistance is increase proportional to the degree of bend. Application • Sign language translator.
- 7. Sensors Current Sensor How it works Detects the amount of current passing through a conductor by measuring the magnetic field generated around it. Applications • Battery supplied applications. • Circuit protection and control. • For metering.
- 8. Sensors IR Range Finder How it works Uses how long it takes transmitted IR to be reflected back into the receiver to approximate its distance from an obstacle. Has detection range of 20 cm to 150 cm. Applications • Measure presence or absence of an obstacle. • Measure how far an object is.
- 9. Sensors Ultrasonic Range Finders How it works Uses how long it takes sound to be reflected back to approximate its distance from an obstacle. Very accurate and quite expensive. Has detection range of 2 cm to 400 cm. Applications • Measure presence or absence of an obstacle. • Measure how further away an object is.
- 10. Sensors Passive IR Sensor How it works Used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensor’s range. Senses motion Response time and sensitivity van be tuned. Applications • Engaging and disengaging door locks. • Implement power management strategy by putting of lights when room is no longer in use.
- 11. Sensors Humidity Sensor Temperature Sensors How it works Measures atmospheric conditions. Application • Used in home heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems, offices, cars, industrial spaces and greenhouses.
- 12. Barometric Sensor Sensors How it works Conducts electricity at a certain rate therefore leading to a specific level of charge flow that is associated with a specific level of pressure. Applications • Used in aircrafts, rockets, satellites and weather balloons to measure altitude.
- 13. Sensors Alcohol Gas Sensor Carbon Monoxide Sensor Liquid Level Sensor Soil Moisture Sensor
- 14. Vibration Sensor Sensors Gyroscope Accelerometer Compass Hall Effect Sensor Tilt Sensor
- 15. Sensors Geo Phone Light Sensor Pulse/Heart Rate Sensor Line Sensor
- 16. Voltage Divider and Sensor Technology
- 18. Voltage Divider 5 Ohm 5 Ohm 2V 4V 3 Ohm 5 Ohm 2.5V 4V 8 Ohm 5 Ohm 1.54V 4V
- 21. Pinout Classification • 3-pin Sensors • 2-pin Sensors
- 22. 3-pin Sensors • Vin, Vout, GND • +, Vout, - Sensors that have 3 pinouts by which one can connect them to any circuit or to the micro controller. Pinout Labelling Vin + GND -
- 24. 3-pin Sensors 3V3 GND A0, A1, A2, A3, A4
- 26. const int motionSensor = A3; const int threshold = 100; int sensorReading = 0; void setup() { } void loop() { sensorReading = analogRead(motionSensor); if (sensorReading > threshold) { // do something } else { // do something else } } 3-pin Sensors
- 27. 2-pin Sensors Most sensors that have 2 pinouts. Sensors with 2 pin out need to be connected to a resistor. Vin Vout GND
- 29. Good Sensors, Bad Sensors
- 30. Good Sensors • Sensitive to only the measured property. • The sensor itself doesn’t influence the measured property. • The output should a simple function of the measured value.
- 31. Bad Sensors • Drift • Noise • Power draining
- 33. Thank You