The picture implies the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise and avoiding smoking to prevent lifestyle diseases. The picture shows a person engaging in physical activity and eating healthy foods while avoiding a cigarette, suggesting these behaviors can help one stay fit and reduce health risks.

1.  Smoking
 Poor Dietary Habits
 Sedentary Lifestyle
Modifiable Risk Factors of Lifestyle
Diseases

2. Poor Dietary Habits
Dietary Habits
- Are the usual choices of food that people
make. Diet affects health condition. For a
person to grow and develop, he/she
needs a healthy and balanced diet that
provides energy for everyday activities.
Having a healthy and balanced diet early
reduces the chance of developing
diseases like cancer, osteoporosis, and
diabetes in the future.

3. Poor dietary habits defined
 Poor dietary habits occur when the person does
not follow the principle of good nutrition –
adequacy, balance and variety. Adequacy refers to
moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal
body function. Balance refers to correct
combination of nutrients, and variety refers to
consumption of different types of food product.
 Poor dietary habit is about not eating enough
healthy food. Underconsumption and
overconsumption of unhealthy food and drinks and
intake of low – fiber, high – fat, high – salt, and
high – sugar are all part of poor dietary habits that
affect the amount of essential nutrients in the body

4. Poor Dietary habits add up the risk of
developing diseases and health problems such
as:
 Obesity
 Tooth decay
 High blood pressure
 Heart disease and stroke
 Type – 2 diabetes
 Osteoporosis
 Certain types of cancer
 Depression
 Eating disorder

5. Sedentary Lifestyle
 Sedentary lifestyle occurs when an
individual lacks the recommended level
of regular physical activity or physical
inactivity.
 Physical inactivity is the leading risk
factor of death worldwide. According to
WHO, 60 – 80% of the world’s
population does not have enough
physical activity. In the Philippines, the
7th National Nutrition Survey in 2008
reveals that 9 out of 10 Filipinos do not

7. What does lack of physical activity
causes you?
 Increase risk of certain cancer
 Contribute to anxiety and depression
 Risk factor to certain cardiovascular
diseases
 Increase risk of having a coronary heart
disease and obesity
 Decrease in skeletal muscle mass due
to excessive sitting
 High blood pressure and increased
cholesterol levels

8. Disease associated with unhealthy
lifestyle
1. Cardiovascular Disease
 Arteriosclerosis – a condition causing the
arteries to harden and thicken
 Atherosclerosis – type of arteriosclerosis where
deposited fat hardens and becomes plaque on
arterial walls.
 Coronary Heart Disease – coronary arteries
(pathway of blood to the heart muscles) are
narrowed or blocked
 Heart Attack – cardiac muscle failure due to lack
of blood flow to the heart. Signs include painful
pressure in the center of the chest spreading to

9.  Angina Pectoris – chest pain from narrowed
coronary arteries due to inadequate oxygen for
the heart.
 Rheumatic fever – the immune system attacks the
heart and can cause fever, weakness and
damage to its valves.
 Arrythmia – irregular heart rhythm brought about
by faulty electrical conduction system that is
worsened by uncontrolled stress levels and high
caffeine intake.
 Congestive Heart Failure – the heart is not able or
below its normal capacity to pump blood, causing
liquid to accumulate in the lungs and other areas
of the body.

10. 2. Cancer
– a disease where cells divide in an
uncontrolled pace. These cells can form a
tumor, which can be identified benign or
malignant through a biopsy procedure
- Cancer is not contagious or caused by
injuries or accidents. One of the risk factor
associated with cancer is unhealthy lifestyle.
The most common type of cancer in terms of
incidence is breast cancer, lung cancer,
prostate cancer, and colon cancer.

11. Malignant vs. Benign
 Malignant is
cancerous. The
tumor can spread
to invade and
destroy nearby
tissues and body
parts. This
process is called
metastasis
 Benign is not
cancerous.
Benign tumors
may increase in
size but do not
invade other body
parts. It is
typically harmless
unless it obstructs
normal tissues or
organs

13. Four Major Categories of
CANCER
Carcinoma – the most common;
an invasive malignant tumor
from epithelial tissue that tends
to spread to other body parts.
Cancers of the skin, breast,
uterus, prostate, lung, stomach,
colon, and rectum are examples
of carcinoma

15. Four Major Categories of
CANCER
 Sarcoma – a connective or supportive
cancer, which include muscle, bone, fat,
blood vessels, and cartilage cancers.
 Lymphoma – arises in cells of the
lymphatic or the immune system tissues
characterized by abnormal production of
white cells and decreases in resistance.
 Leukemia – the cancer of the blood or
bone marrow characterized by an
abnormal production of blood cells, usually
leukocytes or white blood cells.

19. 3. Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus
- Disease resulting from a condition of the
body wherein the body is not able to produce
of effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone
that is produced in the pancreas, which
regulates the utilization of glucose. The
presence of insulin instruct the cell to uptake
glucose that is in the blood. Low insulin
production can impair glucose uptake, which
elevates glucose level in the blood.

20. Types of DIABETES
 Type 1 Diabetes is insulin reliant
diabetes because the body produce little
or no insulin at all. The immune system
destroys the cells producing insulin,
which causes the build up sugar in the
blood and loss of sugar in the urine. Its
symptoms include increased thirst,
frequent urination, continuous hunger,
weight loss blurred vision, and tiredness.
This type of diabetes relies on daily
insulin injections and follows a special

21. Types of DIABETES
 Type 2 Diabetes is non – insulin
dependent. This occurs when the body
produces insulin but it cannot be used
by the cells. This type of diabetes is
manageable through oral medication
and a lifestyle based on diet and
exercise programs. Symptoms are
usually not very obvious and may go
undetected for many years.

22. Types of DIABETES
 Gestational Diabetes occurs in certain
pregnant individuals. The hormones
cause the body not to respond to the
insulin produced by the body. This is not
harmful to the baby and can be treated
only wit proper diet. Gestational
diabetes usually regresses after
childbirth but has higher chances of
developing into Type 2 diabetes.

23. 4. Chronic Respiratory disease
- Commonly called obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD);
- Occurs in the air paths and other parts of the
lungs. Symptoms include breathlessness, chronic
cough, and excessive mucus production. COPD
can be life – threatening and may lead to death if
not detected and cured early.
Major risk of COPD include:
 Tobacco smoking
 Indoor air pollution
 Outdoor air pollution
 Occupational dust and chemicals like vapors,

24. Ways to prevent lifestyle
diseases
 Eat healthy food
 Do daily routines of physical activity
 Do not smoke
 Drink moderate amounts of alcohol only
 Manage stress

25. ACTIVITY
1. What does the
picture on the
right imply?
(Write your answer on a ¼
sheet of paper)