14. 3. Bone marrow test
(a) BM aspiration (fluid)
(b) BM biopsy (tissue)
4. Antibody test
5. Other test
a) Vitamin B12 & folate test
b) Liver test & viral test
c) X-ray, CT scan
d) ultrasound imaging test
Figure 6: BM Biopsy
16. PREVENTION
Avoid exposure to:
a) Insecticide
b) Herbicides
c) Organic solvents
d) Toxic chemical
Figure 8: Exposure to herbicides
17. CONCLUSION
Aplastic anemia - blood disorder that can be inherited or acquired
Serious problem - no enough oxygen supply in body
- infection
Treatment - medications, stem cell transplant & blood transfusion
Patients are advised to:
a)Take good rest when needed
b)Avoid contact sports
c)Be hygienic
18. CASE STUDY
1. Patient’s Detail
46 years old male
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
Combination treatment of PEG-IFN-a 2a (180 μg, weekly) and
ribavirin (1200 mg/day) was commenced for a period of 48 weeks
2. Symptoms
Bleeding tendency
Unexplained fatigue of recent onset
19. 3. Physical Examination
Generalized purpura and bruising, pallor of the skin and mucous
membranes
The patient’s liver, spleen and lymph nodes- not enlarged
20. Figure 9: A bone marrow biopsy showing the absence of hematopoietic tissue
and its replacement with fat.
21. 4. TREATMENT
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after completing two
courses of immunosuppressive.
Therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A.
22. REFERENCES
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2013, http://www.bodyandhealth.canada.com
Anonymous, (2005), Causes of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
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http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aplastic/
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http://www.aamds.org/about/blood-and-bone-marrow-basics/CBC
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http://www.aamds.org/about/aplastic-anemia
Ioannou, S., Hatzis, G., Vlahadami, I., Voulgarelis, M.(2010),Aplastic
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hepatitis C virus infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 4(268)