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Semelhante a 03-ROCK-and-MINERALS.pptx.pdf
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03-ROCK-and-MINERALS.pptx.pdf
- 1. ROCKS
- 2. Earth is composed of rocks and minerals as part of the geosphere
- 3. Why do Geologist needs to study Rocks and its composition?
- 4. Some types of things that rocks can tell us about our planet as well as other planets are: 1. Was there a lake or a volcano present where the rock was found? 2. Was there a mountain range or a sea? 3. Was it hot or cold? 4. Was the atmosphere thick or thin?
- 5. ROCK is a naturally occurring aggregate or combination of minerals and mineraloids
- 6. PETROLOGY the branch of science concerned with the origin, small-scale structure, and composition of rocks.
- 8. TYPES OF ROCKS IGNEOUS -Are formed through the cooling of magma. -either below (plutonic) or above (volcanic) the surface of the earth.
- 14. TYPES OF ROCKS SEDIMENTARY -Accumulate on Earth’s surface in a process called deposition. -Combination of the products of weathering and erosion and organic materials.
- 20. TYPES OF ROCKS METAMORPHIC -Are formed from the exposure of sedimentary or igneous rocks to a high pressure, high temperature or both within Earth’s surface -Have distinct foliation
- 21. TYPES OF ROCKS METAMORPHIC -Protolith – “original rock” which can either be igneous or sedimentary rocks -Undergo metamorphism alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency.
- 27. ROCK CYCLE involves processes that destroy, generate and transform one rock form into another.
- 31. MINERALS
- 32. MINERALS – each mineral is unique but they generally exhibit the following characteristic: - Naturally occurring chemical compounds. - They are mostly inorganic - Homogeneous solids - Definite chemical compositions which can be describe by a chemical formula. - Structures arranges atoms in crystalline pattern.
- 33. MINERALOGY – is the study of minerals, crystal structure and their physical and optical properties. Ores are concentrations of minerals in rock that are high enough to be economically extracted for use.
- 35. COLOR – is caused by the absorption, or lack thereof,of visible light by their crystallization structure.
- 37. STREAK – is the color of the powdered mineral produced when it dragged across unweathered surface.
- 39. HARDNESS – minerals ability to resist scratching or abrasion.
- 41. MOH SCALE OF HARDNESS INDEX MINERAL SCALE Diamond 10 Corundum 9 Topaz 8 Quartz 7 Orthoclase 6 Apatite 5 Flourite 4 Calcite 3 Gypsum 2 Talc 1 The Mohs' hardness scale was developed in 1822 by Frederich Mohs. This scale is a chart of relative hardness of the various minerals (1 - softest to 10 - hardest).
- 42. The Girl Came From An Old Quiet Town Called Dagupan.
- 43. NATURAL DIAMOND
- 44. CORUNDUM
- 45. TOPAZ
- 46. QUARTZ
- 47. ORTHOCLASE
- 48. APATITE
- 49. FLOURITE
- 50. CALCITE
- 51. GYPSUM
- 52. TALC
- 53. CLEAVAGE – tendency of a mineral to split or cleave, along planes of weakness.
- 55. PARTINGS – also occurs in a plane of weakness in the crystal structure, but it is along planes that are weakened by some applied force.
- 56. PARTINGS
- 57. FRACTURE – If the mineral contains no planes of weakness, it will break along random directions called fracture.
- 59. TYPES OF FRACTURE Fibrous And Splintery
- 62. LUSTER – quality of light on the surface of rock, crystal or mineral. -A mineral is very reflective
- 63. TYPES OF LUSTER Metallic Luster is for minerals that are opaque and reflective and have the look of polished metal.
- 64. TYPES OF LUSTER Nonmetallic Luster is the type of luster for minerals that do not look metallic. a. Dull luster - is also known as 'earthy' and is used to describe minerals that have poor reflectivity. The surface of minerals with dull luster is coarse and porous. b. Adamantine - Minerals that have remarkable shine and brilliance and have the hard look of a diamond are called adamantine. c. Vitreous - reflective property of minerals with vitreous luster is similar to that of glass. d. Greasy type of luster can be found in minerals that look like they were coated with oil or grease.
- 65. SPECIFIC GRAVITY – measure for relative density of a mineral. It is determined by comparing its relative mass to water.
- 67. SPECIFIC GRAVITY SG = Mass of mineral____________ mass of equal volume of water