Towards fluency: helping students become better speakers - 1st BRAZ-TESOL TD SIG SEMINAR
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The importance... Speaking seems intuitively to be the most important skill (Ur, 1996) Speaking provides rehearsal opportunities Important source of feedback for both teachers and students Opportunity to activate the various sources of elements they have stored in their brains (Harmer, 2007)
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Towards fluency: helping students become better speakers - 1st BRAZ-TESOL TD SIG SEMINAR
- 1. Towards fluency: helping students become better speakers Bruna Caltabiano September 25th, 2015 1st BRAZ-TESOL TD SIG SEMINAR São Paulo, Brazil
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- 6. The importance... Speaking seems intuitively to be the most important skill (Ur, 1996) Speaking provides rehearsal opportunities Important source of feedback for both teachers and students Opportunity to activate the various sources of elements they have stored in their brains (Harmer, 2007)
- 7. Discuss Recall a successful activity in the classroom that you have either organized or participated in as student. What are the characteristics of this activity that make you judge it ‘successful’?
- 8. Characterists of a successful speaking activity Learners talk a lot Participation is even Motivation is high Language is of an acceptable level (Ur, 1996)
- 9. Discuss Think back to your experiences as either a learner or a teacher. What are some of the problems in getting learners to talk in the classroom?
- 10. Common problems Inhibition Nothing to say Low or uneven participation Mother-tongue use (Ur, 1996)
- 11. How to overcome these problems • Use group work • Base the activity on easy language • Make a careful choice of topic and task to stimulate interest • Give some instruction or training in discussion skills • Keep students speaking the target language (Ur, 1996)
- 12. Fluency and Confidence Put learners in ‘safe’ situations in class where they are inspired and encouraged to try using language they already know (Scrivener, 2005)
- 13. Fluency or Accuracy? (Scrivener, 2005) FluencyAccuracy
- 14. 1. Telling Stories – Sequence of Pictures
- 15. 2.. Telling Stories – Humans of New York
- 17. Why do you think this picture received a ‘like by Mark Zuckerberg and a ‘comment’ by Barack Obama?
- 20. 3. Telling stories - words It was a cold Saturday night... • brother • neighbor • TV • scream • street • crowd • police
- 21. 4. Moral Dilemmas “In a department store a woman (Perdita) is seen taking some bread and cheese without paying for it. It is known that she is very poor and that if she is charged and taken to court, she will probably get sent to prision and her children will be taken into care. In the department store a meeting has been quickly arranged to decide what to do about Security guard manager Perdita cashier
- 22. 5. Information Gap Activity Person's Name From Occupation Weekends Movies 1. Jill (female) doctor romance 2. professor go fishing 3. Jared (male) Cincinnati action 4. Cleveland banker play cards 5. Janet (female) Dayton Person's Name From Occupation Weekends Movies 1. Toledo relax at home 2. Jason (male) Columbus horror 3. mechanic play baseball 4. Jenny (female) drama 5. lawyer read novels comedy Student A Student B
- 23. 6. Guessing Games * Job Do you work indoors or outdoors? Do you work with your hands? Do you wear a uniform? * Who am I? Are you alive? Are you a man or a woman? (Thornbury, 2005)
- 24. The Akinator
- 25. Welcome to _________. May I see your passport? Where are you coming from? What is the purpose of your visit? How long are you planning to stay? Where will you be staying? Is this your first time to ________? Enjoy your stay. Mark France Tourism 7 days Hilton Hotel 1st time Lucy Greece Business 12 days Holiday Inn 3rd time 7. Role-Play
- 26. 8. Role Cards Role Card 1 Your company has designed a range of revolutionary new products, completely different from your usual ones. You are having a meeting with one of your best customers. Describe the new products to him/her. Role Card 2 You are having a meeting to hear about some amazing new products from an important supplier. Ask lots of questions and find out as much as you can about the products. (Scrivener, 2004)
- 27. 9. Surveys o Crime is increasing because of violence on television. o The police should be more heavily armed. o Everybody is a potential murderer. o Prisions are ‘schools of crime’ Example: Which of these statements do you agree with? The main cause of crime is: ( ) violence on TV ( ) poverty ( ) lack of discipline (Thornbury, 2005)
- 28. Trending Topics
- 30. BIBLIOGRAPHY o Harmer, Jeremy. How to teach English. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2007. o Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2007. o Scrivener, Jim. Learning Teaching. Oxford: Macmillan Education, 2005. o Thornbury, Scott. How to Teach Speaking. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2005. o Ur, Penny. A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge: o Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- 31. BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES • http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com • www.eflsensei.com • www.gloogle.com/trends • http://www.theguardian.com
Notas do Editor
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- People who know a language are referred as speakers of that language – most foreign learners are primarly interested in speaking 2. They might try to use any of the language they know 3. The more those elements are used, the more automatic they become
- 1. The activity is in fact occupied by learner talk, not teacher talk or pauses 2. Classroom discussion is not dominated by a minority of talkative participants 3. Learners interested in the topic because they have something to say about it 4. Learners express themselves in a way it is comprehensible to each other and the level of accuracy is acceptable
- Unlike reading, writing and listening activities, speaking requires some degree of real-time exposure to an audience. Learners are often inhibited about trying to say things in a foreign language – worried about making mistakes, fearful of criticism, simply shy Even if they are not inhibited, it’s common to hear learners complain they cannot think of anything to say Some learners dominate In classes where the learners share the same mother tongue, they may tend to use it, because it is easier, more natural and they feel less exposed.
- 1. 2. The level should be a little lower than that used in intensive language-learning activities, for it should be easily recalled and produced by the participants, so that they can speak fluently with the minimum of hesitation. 3. 4. Tell learners to make sure everybody contributes, appoint a chairperson to each group who will regulate participation 5. You might appoint one of the group as monitor, but monitoring yourself is the best
- They will feel less worried about speaking, less under pressure, less nervous about trying things out.
- ** (7) this is the beginning of the story.. You choose one participant to start, then I’ll project the first word. When I project the second, you’ll go clockwise and continue the story using the word projected..
- They offer students opportunities to practice specific pieces of language (grammar, vocabulary, chunks) and work as a ‘rehearsal moment’ so that when they encounter this situation in real life, they might be more prepared. This activity would work well with business students.
- Students ask and answer questions in order to complete a questionnaire or survey, based on the topic which occurs on the textbook. T provides the ‘controversial statements’, or the topic, or the questions, depending on the level. Then st’s make the questionnaire and interview people in their groups. Then they report their findings to the rest of the class.