1. THE FIRST FEATS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMPROVING OWNERSHIP THROUGH INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING PROCESSES: LESSONS FROM AFRICA GENEVA, 1 OCTOBER 2009 Presentation of the Main Findings of the First Phase Research By Rashid S. Kaukab Deputy Director and Research Coordinator, CUTS Geneva Resource Centre [email_address] www.cuts-grc.org

5. INTRODUCTION Main Economic and Social Indicators Nominal per capita (US$, 2007) Average Annual Growth Rate of Real Per Capita (2000-2005) Growth Rate of Real GDP Per Capita (2007) Percentage of Population Living below National Poverty Line (2006) Percentage of Population Living below US$1.25 a Day Percentage of Population living in Rural Areas Percentage of Labour Force in Informal Sector MALAWI 178 0.6 3.8 45 73.9 (2004-05) 82 73.6 ZAMBIA 945 2.8 3.5 64 64.3 (2004-05) 65 81 TANZANIA 386 6.9 7.0 35.6 (2000-01) 88.5 (2000-01) 75.36 16 (2000-2001) KENYA 813 0.8 3.3 56 (2003) 19.7 (2005-06) 79 78 UGANDA 401 6.1 6.5 31.1 51.5 (2004-05) 87.3 90 (as % of total non-agriculture employment in 1999)

6. TRADE POLICY MAKING: MAIN STAKEHOLDERS Features of an Inclusive Trade Policy Key Elements of Inclusive Trade Policy Making Process Relevant Stakeholders Based on national development policy Clear guidance/directions from national development policy makers National development policy makers (e.g., President’s Office, Ministry for Planning and Development, parliament, etc) Linked with other governmental policies Timely inputs and feedback from other government ministries/departments Other relevant government ministries/departments (e.g., those dealing with agriculture, employment and labour,, competition, etc.) Linked with international commitments (to implement the commitments as well as to guide the positions regarding future possible commitments) Timely inputs and feedback from relevant ministries and negotiators Relevant ministries (e.g., Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.) and negotiators (e.g., dealing with the WTO and EPA negotiations) Balancing the interests of all key stakeholders Regular inputs and feedback from key non-state stakeholders Key non-state actors (e.g., representatives of the private sector, farmers, consumers, and the civil society) Clear implementation plan with adequate resources Articulation of implementation plan and commitment of required resources Relevant government ministries (e.g., Ministries of Trade, Finance, Planning) and donors (multilateral and bilateral)

11. TRADE POLICY MAKING: CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS Country Consultative Mechanism Role/Mandate Kenya National Committee on the WTO (NCWTO) Joint Industrial and Commercial Consultative Committee (JICCC) Kenya-European Union Post-Lome Trade Negotiations (KELPOTRADE) Support Programme / National Development and Trade Policy Forum (NDTPF) Cabinet’s Sub-Committee on Trade Inter-Ministerial Committees (IMCs) Multi-stakeholder on WTO issues Public and private sectors only Multi-stakeholder on EPA negotiations Inter-ministerial on trade issues Inter-ministerial coordination on all issues Malawi Malawi National Working Group on Trade Policy National Development and Trade Policy Forum (MNDTPF) National Action Group (NAG)/Public-Private Sector Dialogue (PPD) Inter-Ministerial Committees (IMCs) Multi-stakeholder on all trade policy issues Multi-stakeholder on EPA negotiations only Only public and private sector on all issues Only governmental on all issues

12. TRADE POLICY MAKING: CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS Country Consultative Mechanism Role/Mandate Tanzania National Business Council (NBC) National EPA Technical Team (NETT) Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee (IMTC) Public and private sectors only, on all issues Multi-stakeholder on EPA negotiations Inter-ministerial coordination on all issues Uganda President’s Economic Council (PEC) / The National Forum Inter-Institutional Trade Committee (IITC) Uganda National Development and Trade Policy Forum (NDTPF) High level public and private sector on all issues Multi-stakeholder on all trade issues Multi-stakeholder on EPA negotiations only

13. TRADE POLICY MAKING: CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS Country Consultative Mechanism Role/Mandate Zambia National Working Group on Trade (NWGT) Agriculture Consultative Forum (ACF) Trade Expansion Working Group Steering Committee of Secretaries Multi-stakeholder on all trade issues Multi-stakeholder on agriculture issues Public and private sector on trade issues Inter-ministerial coordination on all issues

15. TRADE POLICY MAKING: CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS Mandate/Membership Multi-stakeholder Public-Private sectors Only governmental Multiple issues including trade Uganda ACF Kenya JICCC Malawi PPD Tanzania NBC Uganda PEC Kenya IMCs Malawi IMCs Tanzania IMTC, Zambia SCS All trade issues Malawi NWGTP Uganda IITC Zambia NWGT Zambia TEWG Kenya Cabinet sub-committee on trade Specific trade issues Kenya NCWTO Kenya NDTPF Malawi NDTPF Tanzania NETT Uganda NDTPF

25. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part I. Ministry responsible for Trade A. Identification of all key stakeholders 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.75 B. Creating awareness about the need for trade policy 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.75 C. Establishment of formal consultative mechanisms 0.75 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 D. Functioning of formal consultative mechanisms 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.75 E. Regular information flow to the stakeholders including on the content of trade policy 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.50 Part I Score 3.50/5.00 3.25/5.00 2.50/5.0 2.75/5.00 3.75/5.00

26. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part II. Other relevant government ministries/agencies F. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.75 0.75 G. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 H. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Part II Score 2.00/3.00 1.75/3.00 1.50/3.00 1.75/3.0 1.75/3.00 Part III. Private sector and business umbrella organizations I. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 1.00 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 J. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.50 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 K. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Part III Score 2.00/3.00 2.25/3.0 2.00/3.00 2.00/3.00 2.00/3.00

27. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part IV. Civil society organizations L. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 0.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 1.00 M. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 N. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.50 Part IV Score 2.00/3.00 1.25/3.00 1.50/3.00 1.75/3.00 2.00/3.00 ITPM Index Score 9.50/14.0 8.50/14.00 7.50/14.00 8.25/14.00 9.50/14.00