CPWF - 9 years of R&D for water & food security
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Presentation made to SDC in Bern on 27 Sep 2012 on CPWF's 9 years of research for development
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CPWF - 9 years of R&D for water & food security
- 1. 9 years of research for development to improve water & food security of the rural poor Alain Vidal, Director CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food
- 2. Indus Floods
- 3. Ganges: 500 million facing disaster
- 6. Overcoming the « perfect storm » of demand, scarcity and change 9+ billion people More food and water crises Global systems approaching ‘tipping points’ Uncertainties of climate change…
- 8. CPWF aims to increase the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production Through its broad partnerships, it conducts research that leads to impact on the poor and to policy change
- 9. Water, food and poverty analyzed in 10 basins 1.5 billion people 50% of the poorest < 1€/j Niger
- 10. Poverty and water… Is it the resources scarcity? 5,000 4,000 Bangladesh Bolivia Brazil 3,000 GNI ($US/cap) Burkina Faso China Colombia 2,000 Egypt, Arab Rep. Ethiopia India 1,000 Thailand Vietnam World 0 0.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.00E-05 6.00E-05 8.00E-05 1.00E-04 Water availability (km3/cap)
- 11. Water productivity remains very low over most areas WP (estimated potential / typically 1-2 kg/m3) YR IGB Mekong Nile Limpopo Volta Niger
- 12. There is enough water to meet our needs, it’s how we manage it ! Sustainable intensification Beyond a focus on productivity Equitable sharing of benefits and risks Finding a balance and ‘win-win’ solutions Institutional water management A holistic approach to avoid fragmentation among actors
- 14. Research programs on BDCs Focus on a “basin development challenge” In a basin Coherent, integrated research program Technologies, policies, institutions, governance Whole basin consequences of change Spatial targeting of innovations Multiple partners Scientific evidence to inform dialogue and innovation platforms
- 15. Andes: Benefit-sharing mechanisms and their low hanging fruits Trust funds and local dialogues established Upstream ecosystems restored Benefits downstream through improved pastures supporting community dairy production Consolidating Andes experience as a world-laboratory on BSMs Scaling out in Uganda and Nepal
- 16. Ganges: Freshwater storage for improved livelihoods in polders Well managed short duration aman rice varieties double yield Improving local institutions to ensure hardware maintenance and improvement Key to use stored water to stabilize rainy season production intensify and diversify dry season production
- 17. Limpopo: Rainwater management and value chains Strengthen agricultural value chains where market-related failures contribute to poverty Success of community innovation platforms depends on trust among the actors and sufficient incentives Appropriate technologies must fit existing livelihood systems and include socially acceptable incentives
- 18. Mekong: Hydropower and livelihoods Techniques, land and water uses identified that can increase benefits available to riparian communities Fish-rice systems Artificial wetlands in reservoirs Add value for both dam builders and communities Dialogue processes identified institutional weaknesses in the ways regulations are implemented
- 19. Nile: Rainwater management and landscapes Rainwater management interventions to target landscapes, linking bio-physical drivers with socio-economic factors Suitability maps considering key limiting factors: erosion, rainfall regimes, soil fertility and enterprise choices Development of innovation platforms in 3 different landscapes
- 20. Volta: Rainwater and small reservoirs Identified successes (soil-water conservation, small reservoirs, and small pumps) and failures (culture and gender-sensitivity) Integration of maintenance costs in project budgets and capacity building of actors (mostly farmers) Resilience analysis helps evaluate common threads driving or limiting innovations
- 21. The goat… …that saves water, people and nature
- 22. Innovation platforms in Zimbabwe create local markets for goats Established around local specific production and marketing systems, connected to larger commercialization networks Markets helped raise the value of one goat from US$10 to $60 Virtuous circle where more money flows to the producer - an incentive for growing stock feed and improving rangeland management
- 23. A virtuous circle that triggers change to a more resilient state Local markets Producers self-esteem Improved rangeland production replacing US$15 / goat of stock S feed value Improved livestock: US$ 60 per goat Goat mortality Recurrent droughts, down to 10% S increasing climate variability, poor connection to markets Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha Livestock: US$10 per goat
- 24. Sustainable intensification and ecosystem services in the Andes
- 25. Downstream – where the concern for ecosystem services emerged High altitude wetland (paramo) degraded by potato cropping and overgrazing Eutrophication and shrinking of Fuquene Lake (downstream)
- 26. Restoring upstream and downstream ecosystem services Water quality and downstream ecosystem Paramo restored services from Fuquene through conservation Lake improved tillage and oat/potato rotation 26
- 27. Triggers for change between alternate resilient states Annual net income: Conservation 2,183/ha agriculture and paramo restoration Revolving fund credit: Farmers‘ supported by +180 farmers /year insufficient gain and risk revolving fund aversion Potato S cropping, grazing pressure, degradation of paramo Annual net income: US$ 1,870/ha
- 28. Hydro-literacy to support rights to access information and partake in decision making Conversatorios promoting dialogue, facilitat Emerging inclusive ed by benefit-sharing stakeholders’ mechanisms “hydro-literacy” S Conflicts on water and land resources
- 29. How do such interventions increase water and food security ? Enhanced resilience Combined technical and institutional innovations prevent the system from moving to undesired system configuration when shocked Water and food security Looking beyond the « yield gap » enables diversify food production (crops, fish and livestock) and ecosystem services Additional income alleviates poverty Empowerment Enhanced people’s rights and institutional governance
- 30. Thank you a.vidal@cgiar.org www.waterandfood.org www.slideshare.net/cpwf
Notas do Editor
- Climate change and increased disaster risks being mostly felt through alterations in the hydrological cycle, impacting on water availability, communities access to water and sanitation, and ultimately affecting people’s health, nutrition and food security.
- The conclusions are just amazing: water scarcity is not affecting our ability to grow enough food today and tomorrow. Yet there is scarcity in certain areas, but our findings show that the problem overall is a failure to make efficient and fair use of the water available in these river basins. This is ultimately an institutional and political challenge, not a resource concern.
- Comparing the performance of agricultural systems between river basins, based on the production in kg per m3 of water consumed or water productivity.With few exceptions, water productivity of cereals is very low (between 0.2 and 0.5 kg/m3). Efficient farmers achieve water productivity of 2.0 kg/m3, but in most basins it is only a fraction of this level.