This presentation by Henry Neufeldt from ICRAF talks about climate-smart agriculture, the key areas of science innovation there, some farmer climate coping strategies, the constrains, the benefits and the key messages concerning CSA.

1. Global Landscape Forum
Technical Networking Session 2.1:
Climate-Smart Agriculture: Resilience, Food Security, Mitigation
and Adaptation Avoiding Tradeoffs, and Creating Synergies in a
Connected World
MAKING CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE WORK
FOR THE POOR
Henry Neufeldt
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
16 November, 2013

2. Climate-smart agriculture
Food Systems
Small
scales
Food security
Large
scales
Efficiency
Fairness
Adaptation
Short term
Mitigation
Long term

3. What will we call the boundaries of
Safe(r) operating spaces for the food systems?
Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change 2012

4. Toward Tier 3 Sustainability—Toward risk mitigation and resilience in food systems
Recommendation 2: Significantly raise the level of global
investment in sustainable agriculture and food systems in the next
decade
Recommendation 3: Sustainably intensify agricultural production
while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other negative
environmental impacts of agriculture
Photo: N. Palmer (CIAT)
Recommendation 1: Integrate food security and sustainable
agriculture into global and national policies
Recommendation 4: Target populations and sectors that are most
vulnerable to climate change and food insecurity
Recommendation 5: Reshape food access and consumption
patterns to ensure basic nutritional needs are met and to foster
healthy and sustainable eating habits worldwide
Recommendation 6: Reduce loss and waste in food
systems, particularly from infrastructure, farming
practices, processing, distribution and household habits
Recommendation 7: Create comprehensive, shared, integrated
information systems that encompass human and ecological
dimensions
Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change 2012

5. Key areas of science innovation
Discovery, testing and implementation of mechanisms across scales that allow
for adaptive management and adaptive governance of social-ecological
systems essential for long-term human provisioning
Development of integrated metrics of safe space that are practical and
meaningful for decision-making by relevant communities in near real time
Systematic gathering and integration of quality data and information to
generate knowledge in time frames and at scales relevant for decision-making
through analytical tools, models and scenarios
Establishment of legitimate and empowered science policy dialogues that
frame post–disciplinary science agendas on local, national and international
scales
Neufeldt, Jahn et al 2013

7. Review of SRI
management impacts
on yield, water
saving, costs of
production and
farmer income per ha
in 13 countries
Average:
+50% yield
-37.5% water use
-16% costs
+94% income
Uphoff 2012

8. GHG mitigation through no-till in selected countries
UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2013

9. Evergreen agriculture
with
Faidherbia albida

10. Innovation and food security
Relationship between
innovativeness (number
of farming system
changes) and household
food security (number
of food deficit months).
Error bars indicate the
95% confidence interval
of the mean
Kristjanson et al 2012

11. Farmer climate coping strategies
• Farmers most interested in reducing food insecurity
• No long- or medium-term planning possible under food insecure situation
• Tree planting (and other investments in livelihood improvements) only
after basic food security is guaranteed
• Food insecurity rose by at least one month (above on average 3 months)
during recent drought and floods
• Coping strategies lead into ‘poverty trap’
• Agroforestry reduced food insecurity by about 1 month
Reduce
Quantity,
Quality or #
of meals
All #s in %
Lower
Nyando
Middle
Nyando
Community or
family
support
Help from
Gov, NGO,
Church
Borrow
money
Casual
Labor
Sell
possessions or
livestock
Consume
Seeds
Children
attend
school
less
85
30
42
32
28
72
72
38
38
23
18
37.5
25
40
61
12.5
Thorlakson and Neufeldt 2012

12. Constraints: insecure tenure
Economic, Environmental and Social
Tenure
Unadjud Freehold
Impacts
Effect
Net returns to land ($ ha-1 y-1)
$126
$288
2.28
Woody crops, woodlots etc (ha km-2)
5.4
25.6
4.7
Hedgerows (km km-2)
5.2
23.6
4.5
Social cost from embedding
-$40
$30
$70
Social "tax"
-32%
+10%
Norton-Griffiths 2012

13. Financial benefits of no-till wheat
production in northern Kasakhstan
Derpsch et al 2010

14. •
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•
•
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Up-front public sector finance needed to turn projects viable
Projects build institutional capacity
Projects deliver food security and adaptation with mitigation co-benefits
Insurance schemes provide safety nets against falling into the poverty trap
Combining many and diverse investments in land can increase returns and drive
large-scale investment in sustainable NRM
Robust M+E frameworks are needed to quantify how different CSA practices reduce
climate risk
Foster et al 2012

15. Key messages
Climate-smart agriculture1 practices can contribute to
food security of resource-poor rural populations
while providing important adaptation and mitigation
co-benefits if they are adapted to local conditions
and national policies, and global food systems are in
tune with sustainable development goals.
1Agriculture
is understood to consist of crops,
livestock, forests, fisheries and aquaculture

16. Key messages
In order to maximize the synergies between the three
pillars (production, adaptation, mitigation)
agricultural policies should consider multiple targets
from the onset, and research is needed that
identifies the relative contributions of different
practices to each of the pillars.

17. Key messages
Overcoming barriers to adoption of climate-smart
agriculture for long-term transformation toward
sustainable management of resources requires:
national agriculture development plans with
appropriate institutions at national to local levels;
provision of infrastructure; access to information and
training; access to capital and insurance; stakeholder
participation; and, last but not least, improvement of
tenure arrangements.

18. Key messages
Investment in improved natural resource
management through climate finance can provide
essential livelihood (through improved and
diversified income, strengthened institutional
capacity, reduced climate risk) and global mitigation
benefits if high investment risks and low returns on
investment can be overcome.

19. Thanks for a future