An introduction to topic maps,ontologies and published subjects

The TAO of Topic Maps An Introduction to Topic Maps, Ontologies, and Published Subjects Steve Pepper, CEO, Ontopia Convenor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 3 Editor XML Topic Maps <pepper@ontopia.net>

Who am I? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are Topic Maps? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introducing the Topic Map Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],knowledge layer information layer (index) (content)

(1) The Information Layer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],information layer

(2) The Knowledge Layer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],knowledge layer composed by born in composed by Puccini Tosca Lucca Madame Butterfly

Linking the Layers Through Occurrences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Puccini Tosca Lucca composed by born in composed by Madame Butterfly knowledge layer information layer

Summary of Core Topic Maps Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],knowledge layer information layer ,[object Object],[object Object],composed by born in composed by ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Puccini Tosca Lucca Madame Butterfly

Topic Maps and Back-of-Book Indexes Cavalleria Rusticana, 71, 203-204 Mascagni, Pietro Cavalleria Rusticana , 71, 203-204 Rustic Chivalry , see Cavalleria Rusticana singers, 39-52 See also individual names baritone, 46 bass, 46-47 soprano, 41-42, 337 tenor, 44-45 occurrences (and types) topics with multiple names associations (and types) + other conventions (composer) n + multiple indexes • Index of names • Index of places • Index of subjects topics (and type s) Basic concepts:

Topic Maps and Ontologies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Omnigator A free topic map browser and debugger Online demo:  http://www.ontopia.net/omnigator Download:  http://www.ontopia.net/download/freedownload.html

The Omnigator: A Generic Topic Map Browser ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How the Omnigator Works J2EE Web Server e.g. Tomcat Omnigator Ontopia Topic Map Engine topic map <HTML> pages http server client

http://www.ontopia.net/omnigator current topic (multiple) names (multiple) types multiple occurrences multiple associations

With this Simple but Flexible Model You Can ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Supporting Context through Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Scope Works ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],name occurrence association role association role name occurrence association role name T T name occurrence association role name T Filtering by scope

Applications of Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Topic Maps Improve Access to Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Principles of Merging in Topic Maps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Merge the two topics together... name occurrence association role T association role name occurrence association role name A second topic (in another topic map) “about” the same subject T Merge the two topics together... ...and the resulting topic has the union of the original characteristics name occurrence association role name T

Det uunngåelige Ibsen-eksempelet SNL SNL SNL SNL Skien kom-mune Cap Lex Cap Lex NBL Henrik Ibsen Hedda Gabler Skien Et dukkehjem A doll ’ s house skrev født i skrev “ virkelighet ” emnekart informasjon kunnskap Ibsen- senter Ibsen- senter Ibsen- senter Ibsen- senter Ibsen- senter Ibsen- senter Et dukkehjem Helmer Dr. Rank Fru Linde Krogstad Nora

Applications of Merging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Integrating Information Across Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Knowledge Space Information Space Order 2 Customer A Order 1 Customer B Product X Product Z Skill Q Product Y owns orders orders contains contains contains integrates integrates requires Customer database Order database Product database Skills database Customer database

What Makes Merging Possible? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Crucial Concept of Subject Identification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],COMPUTER DOMAIN “ REALITY ” knowledge layer information layer composed by born in composed by Puccini Tosca Lucca Madame Butterfly

Using URIs to Identify Resources

Addressable and Non-addressable Subjects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Subject Indicators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ontopia.net/ © 2002 Ontopia AS Life, the Universe and Everything The Computer Domain The Topic Map Domain subject Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer, b. Lucca 22nd Dec 1858, d. Brussels, 29th Nov 1924. Best known for his operas, of which Tosca is the most . . . subject indicator Puccini http://psi.ontopia.net/opera/puccini.html subject identifier topic

Published Subjects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Using URIs to Identify Arbitrary Subjects

A Plea to Ontology Developers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Topic Maps for Machine Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Topic Maps for Human Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Topic Map-Driven Knowledge Portals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

For More Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

An introduction to topic maps,ontologies and published subjects

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An introduction to topic maps,ontologies and published subjects