Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
9. East Africa: Average Farm Income, 2004-06 Kenya Uganda Ethiopia Per Capita Income 367 154 94 % Crop Income 36 64 53 % Livestock Income 24 13 34 % Non Farm Income 42 29 12
11. Markets as a Driver of Farming System Evolution Stage in Farming System Evolution Farmer Objective Principal Driver Static Equilibrium Subsistence Dominates Rural Population Growth Diversification Both Income and Subsistence <Shifting Farm Gate Terms of Trade <Staple Food Productivity Specialization Income Dominates <Price Signals in Efficient Markets <Regional Competition and Comparative Advantage
17. Extension and the Adoption Process Stages in Adoption Extension Methods Relative Cost Sensitization Mass Media, Radio + Farmer Search Farmer Networks, Participatory Video, Mobile Phones ++ Evaluation/Adaptation Farmer Field Schools, Input Delivery Systems ++++ Adoption On Farm Scaling Up and System Adaptation ++++
18. Approaches in the Dissemination of Push-Pull Sensitization Radio, Brochures Search Farmer Trainers Field Days Participatory Video Seed market for desmodium Evaluation Farmer Field Schools with two season curriculum Adoption Progressive scaling up within the farm Limited autonomous diffusion (seed??)
19. Approaches in the Control of Banana Bacterial Wilt Sensitization Radio, Newspapers, Brochures Training District Agr Officers Search Surveillance Capacity Targeting on basis of Epidemiological Front Evaluation FFS based on both cultural control and community enforcement Adoption Sustainability of community enforcement remains a constraint
20.
21. Moving From Research Outputs to Development Impacts Capacity: What Institutions? What Skills? What Methods? Regional Strategies Piloting and Operations Research Program Platform Systematic Monitoring and Evaluations Outputs Outcomes Impacts
Notas do Editor
Presentation reviews history of systems research and then links to how system research has been linked to extension
Gates Foundation and the focus on impact has put an increased emphasis on scalability of agricultural research and associated technologies. How to think about this within the African context.
Green Revolution was the first and maybe the last example of the impacts of widely scalable technologies. FSR was a response to the lack of adoption of GR technologies in rainfed agriculture, still with a commodity focus. The sustainability agenda added NRM and expansion of the CGIAR. Climate change (system resilience) and ecosystem services has added AEI.
CIAT and IITA were conceived of as undertaking research on farming systems of the lowland, humid tropics. FSR moved downstream as a linkage mechanism to extension, creating adaptive research. Questions about the role of the researcher led to farmer participatory research.
Sustainability split research into two very different modalities rather than integrating.
AEI is at one level an attempt to finally integrate NRM and commodity research and finally do research
How to assemble these outputs into a dissemination framework.
Focus on production systems in terms of priorities
![Scalability in the Context of: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)