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1. Psychobiologic
Bases of Behavior

2. PSYCH0BIOLOGIC THEORIES
● Mental d/o are the result of altered or
disordered
● brain biology
● Focus: Understanding neuroanatomy and
● neurophysiology

3. ● CNS
● BRAIN
● - Cerebrum (2 hemispheres)
● consist of: cerebral cortex, limbic system,
● basal ganglia, diencephalons

4. ● Frontal lobe – motor, premotor, prefrontal
● - corticospinal tract (pyramidal system) are of
● motor cortex control; personality; thought,
● goal-oriented behavior, & inhibition
● - extrapyramidal system (pre-motor)

5. ● Limbic System – septal area, cingulate gyrus,
● parahippocampal gyrus – others fc, hy, am,hi,
bs, ANS;
● emotions & motivation; olfactory
● - feeding/ satiety (h), memory consolidation
(ahi), sense
● of pleasure (VTA, nucleus accumbens of
septal area-
● sexual pleasure), emotions and motivational
behaviors
● (ahymi – rage or flight)

6. Basal Ganglia – caudate nucleus, putamen,
globus palidus
- BG & SN – motor activity (extrapyramidal);
modulates
activity (maintains posture, tone, movement);
produce
dopamine (SN) & balances-acetylcholine & GABA
(BG)
- Pyramidal/ corticospinal tract – controls precise,
voluntary
movements ; BG & Cere - stabilize

7. ● Temporal lobe – olfactory area,
primary auditory
● receptive area, secondary association
area,
● visual association area.
● - aphasia (AV); wernicke’s area
damage

8. ● Parietal lobe – sensory
● Occipital lobe – vision; contralateral vision
● Diencephalon – thalamus, hypothalamus,
● epithalamus, subthalamus
● - relays sensory; homeostasis; temp. reg.
,GI & CV activity

9. Brain Stem – Midbrain (SN located), pons,
medulla oblongata (respi., BP, HR,
vomiting
and swallowing)
Reticular Formation – located within
brainstem
- affects motor. Sensory, visceral
functions
RAS – tune out stimuli; sleep &
wakefulness

10. ● Cerebellum – coordinated
muscle activity;
● equilibrium

11. NEURONS
● - axon, dendrites, synapse
Neurotransmitters:
● Cholinergic – acetylcholine
● Monoamine – Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
● Amino Acids – GABA
- Glutamate

12. ● SCHIZOPHRENIA
● - VENTRICULAR enlargement
● - Decrease cerebral blood flow
● - cortical atrophy; altered dopamine level
● DEPRESSION
● - dec. norepinephrine, serotonin

13. ● ANXIETY D/O
● GABA dec.
● DEMENTIAS
● - AD – brain atrophy (neurofibrillary tangles,
● amyloid plaques

14. ● DEGENERATIVE CHANGES
● - PD – deterioration of SN (dec. dopa.)
● DEMYELINATING DSE
● - MS – paresthesia, muscle weakness, fatigue,
● diplopia, tingling & psychological sx
● ANOREXIA NERVOSA
● - hypothalamic dysfunction

15. ● TRAUMA
● - injury
● CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY
● - nucleus accumbens
● MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PROBLEMS
● EARLY LIFE STRESS AND TRAUMA

16. ● Heredity - transmission of trait from one generation to
next
● Chromosomes
● Pairs of thread like bodies that contain genes
● Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
● Organic molecule arranged in a double-helix
● Contains the “code of life”
Genetics

17. ● Study of behavior from a genetic perspective
● Animal behavior genetic studies include:
● Strain studies
● Selection studies
Behavior Genetics

18. ● Family studies
○ Assume that close family members share more of a trait
than non-relatives
○ Used to assess the heritability of psychological disorders or
traits
● Twin studies
○ Used to determine how heritable a trait or disorder may be
○ Identical twins would have highest heritability
Human Behavior Genetics

19. ● Adoption studies
○ Used to assess the influence of environment
● Molecular genetics
○ Direct study of the genetic code

20. ● Natural selection
○ “Survival of the fittest”
● Evolutionary psychology looks at the adaptive
or survival value of behaviors
Evolutionary Psychology

21. Thank you!