SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 20
COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT POLICY September 17, 2010 Whallonsburgh Grange Hall Collections Care  and Conservation Alliance
Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collection Development Policy ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collections Policy Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Provenance ,[object Object]
Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Condition ,[object Object],[object Object]
Accessioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deaccessioning ,[object Object]
Website information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Storage and Housing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pest Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Building Maintenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Web Resources- Collections Care ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collections Care and Conservation Alliance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

library professional assocation.pptx
library professional assocation.pptxlibrary professional assocation.pptx
library professional assocation.pptxDrIrfanulHaqAkhoon
 
Information policy sunil sir
Information policy sunil sirInformation policy sunil sir
Information policy sunil sirbgshalini
 
Indexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristicsIndexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristicsDr. Utpal Das
 
Organizing and Managing Library Collections: Why?
Organizing and Managing Library Collections:  Why?Organizing and Managing Library Collections:  Why?
Organizing and Managing Library Collections: Why?Johan Koren
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsLYRASIS
 
Need, steps and challenges of library automation
Need, steps and challenges of library automationNeed, steps and challenges of library automation
Need, steps and challenges of library automationpardeeprattan
 
Reference Services in Academic Libraries
Reference Services in Academic LibrariesReference Services in Academic Libraries
Reference Services in Academic Librariesjuliepia
 
Library Automation sofrwere
Library Automation sofrwereLibrary Automation sofrwere
Library Automation sofrwereDeepak Malviya
 
Ppt.marketing of library and information services
Ppt.marketing of library and information servicesPpt.marketing of library and information services
Ppt.marketing of library and information servicespardeeprattan
 
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival Resources
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival ResourcesPreservation Strategies For Library And Archival Resources
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival ResourcesFe Angela Verzosa
 
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES LILIBETHBAJOYO
 
Knowledge management and the role of libraries
Knowledge management and the role of librariesKnowledge management and the role of libraries
Knowledge management and the role of librariespatrickalfredwaluchio
 
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagPreservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagFe Angela Verzosa
 
Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Murchana Borah
 
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY AUTOMATIO...
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY  AUTOMATIO...WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY  AUTOMATIO...
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY AUTOMATIO...`Shweta Bhavsar
 

Mais procurados (20)

library professional assocation.pptx
library professional assocation.pptxlibrary professional assocation.pptx
library professional assocation.pptx
 
Information policy sunil sir
Information policy sunil sirInformation policy sunil sir
Information policy sunil sir
 
AVC Library Collection Development Policy
AVC Library Collection Development PolicyAVC Library Collection Development Policy
AVC Library Collection Development Policy
 
Indexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristicsIndexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristics
 
Organizing and Managing Library Collections: Why?
Organizing and Managing Library Collections:  Why?Organizing and Managing Library Collections:  Why?
Organizing and Managing Library Collections: Why?
 
Networking Systems in Libraries
Networking Systems in LibrariesNetworking Systems in Libraries
Networking Systems in Libraries
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library Materials
 
Need, steps and challenges of library automation
Need, steps and challenges of library automationNeed, steps and challenges of library automation
Need, steps and challenges of library automation
 
Reference Services in Academic Libraries
Reference Services in Academic LibrariesReference Services in Academic Libraries
Reference Services in Academic Libraries
 
Library Automation sofrwere
Library Automation sofrwereLibrary Automation sofrwere
Library Automation sofrwere
 
Ppt.marketing of library and information services
Ppt.marketing of library and information servicesPpt.marketing of library and information services
Ppt.marketing of library and information services
 
Research in Librarianship
Research in LibrarianshipResearch in Librarianship
Research in Librarianship
 
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival Resources
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival ResourcesPreservation Strategies For Library And Archival Resources
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival Resources
 
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
 
ALA.pptx
ALA.pptxALA.pptx
ALA.pptx
 
Knowledge management and the role of libraries
Knowledge management and the role of librariesKnowledge management and the role of libraries
Knowledge management and the role of libraries
 
Evolution of Digital Libraries
Evolution of Digital LibrariesEvolution of Digital Libraries
Evolution of Digital Libraries
 
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagPreservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
 
Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation
 
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY AUTOMATIO...
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY  AUTOMATIO...WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY  AUTOMATIO...
WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? WHAT IS NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY AUTOMATIO...
 

Semelhante a Collections Care 101 Workshop 9/17/10

Managing Cultural Property
Managing Cultural PropertyManaging Cultural Property
Managing Cultural PropertyNicholas Poole
 
Take Control of Your Collections
Take Control of Your CollectionsTake Control of Your Collections
Take Control of Your Collectionsleolandis
 
ICOM-code-En-web.pdf
ICOM-code-En-web.pdfICOM-code-En-web.pdf
ICOM-code-En-web.pdfMaduros
 
Menard ecn 2012
Menard ecn 2012Menard ecn 2012
Menard ecn 2012ECNOfficer
 
Managing small archives
Managing small archivesManaging small archives
Managing small archivesAmanda Hill
 
Principles for the care and handling of library materials
Principles for the care and handling of library materialsPrinciples for the care and handling of library materials
Principles for the care and handling of library materialsJolo Van Clyde Abatayo
 
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015National Library of Australia
 
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS Seminar
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS SeminarUCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS Seminar
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS SeminarMuseums Galleries Scotland
 
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty TrustGetty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty TrustVictor Moreno
 
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty -  Behind the Doors of the Getty TrustGetty -  Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trustguestec62e307
 
Introducing SPECTRUM in Brazil
Introducing SPECTRUM in BrazilIntroducing SPECTRUM in Brazil
Introducing SPECTRUM in BrazilNicholas Poole
 
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of Australia
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of AustraliaMargaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of Australia
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of AustraliaMuseums & Galleries NSW
 
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC Buildings
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC BuildingsApril Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC Buildings
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC BuildingsGreenHomeNYC
 
10 Current Trends in Collections Care
10 Current Trends in Collections Care10 Current Trends in Collections Care
10 Current Trends in Collections CareNicholas Poole
 
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and MuseumsIntegrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and MuseumsJolo Van Clyde Abatayo
 
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...West Muse
 

Semelhante a Collections Care 101 Workshop 9/17/10 (20)

Managing Cultural Property
Managing Cultural PropertyManaging Cultural Property
Managing Cultural Property
 
Preservation Needs Assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
Preservation Needs Assessment - Tamara LavrencicPreservation Needs Assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
Preservation Needs Assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
 
Deaccessions.pdf
Deaccessions.pdfDeaccessions.pdf
Deaccessions.pdf
 
Take Control of Your Collections
Take Control of Your CollectionsTake Control of Your Collections
Take Control of Your Collections
 
Preservation assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
Preservation assessment - Tamara LavrencicPreservation assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
Preservation assessment - Tamara Lavrencic
 
ICOM-code-En-web.pdf
ICOM-code-En-web.pdfICOM-code-En-web.pdf
ICOM-code-En-web.pdf
 
Menard ecn 2012
Menard ecn 2012Menard ecn 2012
Menard ecn 2012
 
Managing small archives
Managing small archivesManaging small archives
Managing small archives
 
Principles for the care and handling of library materials
Principles for the care and handling of library materialsPrinciples for the care and handling of library materials
Principles for the care and handling of library materials
 
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015
Preservation needs assessment - Tamara Lavrencic - 2015
 
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS Seminar
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS SeminarUCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS Seminar
UCL Collections Review Presentation for MGS Seminar
 
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty TrustGetty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
 
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty -  Behind the Doors of the Getty TrustGetty -  Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
Getty - Behind the Doors of the Getty Trust
 
Museum Review, SCHS ,Ross Historical Center Sidney, OH- Jennifer Hein, Preven...
Museum Review, SCHS ,Ross Historical CenterSidney, OH- Jennifer Hein, Preven...Museum Review, SCHS ,Ross Historical CenterSidney, OH- Jennifer Hein, Preven...
Museum Review, SCHS ,Ross Historical Center Sidney, OH- Jennifer Hein, Preven...
 
Introducing SPECTRUM in Brazil
Introducing SPECTRUM in BrazilIntroducing SPECTRUM in Brazil
Introducing SPECTRUM in Brazil
 
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of Australia
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of AustraliaMargaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of Australia
Margaret Thompson, Community Heritage Grants, National Library of Australia
 
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC Buildings
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC BuildingsApril Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC Buildings
April Forum: The Hit List - The Top Tips to Green NYC Buildings
 
10 Current Trends in Collections Care
10 Current Trends in Collections Care10 Current Trends in Collections Care
10 Current Trends in Collections Care
 
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and MuseumsIntegrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Integrated Pest Management in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
 
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...
Our World is Flat: An Introduction to Managing Archival and Photograph Collec...
 

Último

1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..Disha Kariya
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAssociation for Project Management
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfJayanti Pande
 
9548086042 for call girls in Indira Nagar with room service
9548086042  for call girls in Indira Nagar  with room service9548086042  for call girls in Indira Nagar  with room service
9548086042 for call girls in Indira Nagar with room servicediscovermytutordmt
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfchloefrazer622
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxVishalSingh1417
 
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinStudent login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinRaunakKeshri1
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfagholdier
 
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...fonyou31
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfAdmir Softic
 
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfsanyamsingh5019
 
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajansocial pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajanpragatimahajan3
 
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdfClass 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdfAyushMahapatra5
 

Último (20)

1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
 
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 
9548086042 for call girls in Indira Nagar with room service
9548086042  for call girls in Indira Nagar  with room service9548086042  for call girls in Indira Nagar  with room service
9548086042 for call girls in Indira Nagar with room service
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinStudent login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
 
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajansocial pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
 
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdfClass 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
 

Collections Care 101 Workshop 9/17/10

  • 1. COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT POLICY September 17, 2010 Whallonsburgh Grange Hall Collections Care and Conservation Alliance
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.