1) Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived. It has branches that study articulation, acoustics, and auditory perception of sounds. 2) Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It analyzes consonants, vowels, and complex vowel combinations (diphthongs and triphthongs). 3) Consonants are sounds made with obstruction of airflow, while vowels are produced with an open vocal tract. Vowels vary in tongue position (front/back, high/low) and lip rounding.

1. STARTING WITH THE NAME OF
ALLAH
The most beneficial, the most merciful

2. Phonetics and PhonologyPHONETICS N PHONOLOGY

3. Presented by
BUSHRA
MANZOOR

4. PART (1)
INTRODUCTION

5. WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?
• Scientific stuDy of Languages.It has TWO
branches
1….PHONETIC…..2…..PHONOLOGY

6. Phonetics
•Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. It is
concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted
and perceived.

7. Branches of Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics
Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
It deals with how
speech sounds are
made or articulated.
It deals with the
physical properties of
speech sounds.
It deals
with the perception of
speech sound

8. According To David Crystal
Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sound
system of language or languages
PHONOLOGY

9. TWO TYPES
• There are two
types.1….CONSONENTS.2…VOWELS

10. PART
(2)
CONSONANTS

11. Classification of Speech Sounds
Consonants Vowel
Speech Sounds
A sound which is
produced with an
obstruction in the air
passage.
Vowels are the sounds
that are produced with
a free flow of air.

12. CONSONENTS SOUNDS
• F…fat,photo
• V…view,van
• S….soon,sister
• Z…zero,buzz
• H….hot,whole
• P….pen,copy
• B….ball,baby
• T…ten,tight
• D…day
• K…key
• G…go
• M…man
• N….no
• i….tight
• R…right
• Y...yet
• W…wet

13. PART
(3)
VOWELS

14. •Vowels are the sounds that are produced with a free
flow of air.
•The are all typically voiced sounds
•We can describe vowel sounds according to the
position and height of tongue. i.e. front and back,
close and open.
•Lips position (round/spread)
Vowels

15. LONG N SHORT VOWELS
Short vowels
• I,kit,bit
• e.,,dress,bed
• ae.trap,bad
• U,,,foot,good
• ei,,,face,day
• ai,,,,price,high
• au,,,mouth,now
• ea,,,square,fair
• Ua,,poor,cure
• I,,,happy,
LONG VOWELS
i: sea,machine
a;start,father
U;two,blue

16. Classification Vowel Sounds
Monothongs Triphthongs
Consonants
Diphthongs
No glide toward the
following vowel
Sound glides from one
vowel to another within
one syllable
A glide from one vowel to
another and then to a third
one.

17. Monothongs
•A vowel which remains constant and does not glide
towards the following vowel sound is called
monothong or pure vowel.
•Monothongs can be described as:
•Short vowels /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, /ɒ/, /ʊ/, /ʌ/, /ə/
•Long Vowels /ɪː/, /ɜː/, /ɑː/, /ɔː/, /uː/

18. Diphthongs
• In addition to single vowel sounds, we regylarly create
sounds that consist of combination of two vowel sounds
known as diphthongs.
• When we produce diphthongs our tongue moves from one
vocalic position to another as in /aı/
• Diphthongs can be described as:
•Centring Diphthongs
•Closing Diphthongs

19. Dipththongs

20. Diphthongs
Centring Closing
Ending in ə
eə ɪə
Ending in ɪ
eɪ aɪ ɔɪʊə
əʊ aʊ
Ending in ʊ

21. Triphthongs
A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and the to a
third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. For
example, a careful pronunciation of the word ‘hour’ begins
with a vowel quality similar to ‘ɑ:’, goes on to ‘ʊ’ then ends in
‘ə’. It says /aʊə/

22. Triphthongs
eɪ + ə = eɪə as in layer, player
aɪ + ə = aɪə as in lair, fire
ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə as in loyal, royal, lawyer
əʊ + ə = əuə as in lower, mower
aʊ + ə = auə as as in powern power, hour.

23. Importance of teaching pronunciation
• Pronunciation is integral aspect of spoken language.
A teacher of language has to give due attention to the
teaching of pronunciation because it is not based on
spellings. Language is basically a speech.
• J.D.O’Conner favors an order that develops from the
smallest unit of speech to the combination of these
units into words and then to connected speech.

25. Nothing is INTERESTING in this
world ,If you are not INTERESTED.
Wt u say?

26. Thank you
for paying attention