1. FIRST AID

2. First Aid
 It is the help given to a person in case of SUDDEN INJURY or
SICKNESS so that the INJURY/ SICKNESS does not
AGGRAVATE FURTHER and due to swift action further
DETERIORATION is checked, same condition is maintained &
recovery promoted till the arrival of medical help.
 General awareness on what to do if:
 You have Minor Injuries; or
 Co-workers or family members are injured
NB: Not intended to provide formal certified first aid training

3. Basic First Aid
 Before providing basic first aid assistance, make sure you or
someone in the area has called for an ambulance
 A – Airway
 B – Breathing
 C - Circulation

4. Basic First Aid
 If someone accepts your offer to help – remember, before providing
assistance, protect yourself first
 Before helping the victim, put on proper personal protective equipment
such as gloves. Make sure the area where the victim is located is safe for
you to enter. Do not become a victim yourself
 You can become infected through splashes of bodily fluids to your eyes,
nose, mouth as well as from breaks in the skin.
 A hang nail or rash on your skin can be a route of exposure.
 Safety includes an awareness of your surroundings

5. Basic First Aid
 Check to see if the victim is responsive.
 If the victim is unconscious, put your ear close to the victims mouth
and listen for breathing. Feel for air on your cheek and look at the
chest to see if it or the abdomen is rising with each breath.
 An indicator of the seriousness of a medical emergency is the
inability to wake the victim
 If the person is conscious, always ask if you can offer assistance
and wait for a positive response before doing so
If a person’s airway is blocked he/ she won’t be able to speak

6. General Guidance
 Suspect spinal/ neck injuries
 Do not move the person (unless extreme danger is eminent)
 Always trust your own
 Initiative;
 Good judgement; and
 Common sense

7. General Guidance for Injuries
 Remain Calm
 Take time to assess the situation and hazards (Avoid Tunnel Vision)
 Call an ambulance if the situation is serious
 Prevent further deterioration
 Preserve in the same condition
 Promote recovery
 Arrange for regular medical aid

8. Bleeding
 Direct pressure
 Steady firm pressure
 Clean cloth or bandage – avoid contact
 Maintain pressure on wound
 15 minutes
 Apply more layers if needed
Elevate extremity if no fractures (Lie down)

9. Bleeding
 If the victim is bleeding, follow the steps below to help
control the bleeding while you wait for the ambulance to
arrive:
 Apply pressure on the wound
 Elevate the wound above the heart
 Use pressure points between the wound and the heart to help
control bleeding

10. Burns
 First degree burn – minor redness
 Run cold water over burn for more than 5 minutes (no ice or ointments)
 Second degree burns – Blistered skin
 Do not break the blisters
 If the blister breaks
 Clean & apply antibiotic ointment
 Cover with sterile dressing
 Change dressing everyday
 Third degree burn – Charred skin
 Call ambulance

11. Poisoning
 Identify the ingested substance via
 Containers or clues such as stains, odours, etc.
 Induce vomiting?
 Do not induce if unconscious or the person ingested
corrosive or caustics
 If vomiting – roll onto their side for drainage (Recovery
period)

12. Basic First Aid
 Breathing/ Circulation
 If you do not see, hear or feel breathing, administer CPR immediately
but only if you are trained to do so
 If the victim is breathing normally, place him or her in the recovery
position
If you do not think the victim has circulation and is not
responding to you, CPR may be required.
Look at the victim’s colour and feel his/her skin temperature to
see if he or she has signs of circulation

13. CPR

14. Recovery Position
 This position helps to keep the victims airway open
 Grab the victim’s leg and shoulder and roll him/her towards you
 Continue to roll the victim until he is on his side. Guard their heads as
you roll them
 Adjust the top leg so that both the hip and knee are bent at right
angles
 Gently tilt the head back to keep the airway open
 Keep the person warm while waiting for medical help to arrive
 If breathing or circulation stops at any time, roll the person back on to
his/ her back and begin CPR

15. Recovery position

16. Recovery position

17. Choking
 If the person is sitting or standing:
 Stand behind him/her
 Form a fist with one hand and place your fist, thumb side in,
just below the person’s rib cage in the front.
 Grab your fist with your other hand keeping your arms off the
person’s rib cage, give four quick inward and upward thrusts.
 You may have to repeat this several times until the obstructing
object is coughed out.

18. Choking

19. Choking

20. Choking
 If the person is lying down or unconscious
 Sweep your finger inside the victims mouth to ensure the object has
not dislodged on it’s own
 Straddle him/ her and place the heel of your hand just above the
waistline
 Place your other hand on top of this hand
 Keeping elbows straight, give four quick upward thrusts
You may have to repeat this procedure several times until the
obstructing object is coughed out.

21. Other Injuries
 If someone you are trying to help has other injuries such
as burns or is exhibiting symptoms such as seizures,
keep them as comfortable as you can and wait for help
to arrive.
 Provide first aid within your capabilities
 If the illness or injury is not immediately life threatening,
you should only provide basic first aid if you are trained
to do so.

22. Basic First Aid
 If the ambulance is responding to your
emergency, there are some things you can do
 Gather the victim’s personal medical information if you can
 Send someone to meet the emergency crew and guide them to
the victim
 Move office furniture, equipment or other items out of the way
to allow access with a gurney
 Don’t forget to keep an eye on the victim