Pollution

1. BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
POLLUTANTS AND POLLUTION, TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Prepared By:
Ashok Mandal (Roll No:8)
Asmita Aryal (Roll No:9)
Bijaya Ghahatraj (Roll No:10)
Bijendra Pradhan (Roll No:11)
Bipin Karki (Roll No:12)
Bivek Gyawali (Roll No:14)

2. Environmental Pollution
• Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into
water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute or chronic detriment
to the earth's ecological balance or that lowers the quality of life.
• Pollutants may cause primary damage, with direct identifiable impact
on the environment or secondary damage in the delicate balance of the
biological food web.
• In recent decades a wide range of modern pollutants have emerged.
• There are some 30,000 chemicals in common use today

3. Pollutants
On the basis of degradation:
1. Biodegradable pollutants : Broken down by micro-organism
2. Non- Biodegradable pollutants : Have stronger chemical bondage,
do not break down into simpler and harmless products.
On the basis of absorptive capacity:
1. Stock pollutants: Pollutants that the environment has a little or no
absorptive capacity is called stock pollutants eg; Plastics
2. Fund pollutants: Fund pollutants are those for which the
environment has sone absorptive capacity eg; Co2

4. Contd….
3. Notable pollutants: notable pollutants include heavy metals,
persistent organic pollutants (POPs), environmental persistent
pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPP), polycyclic organic hydrocarbons,
volatile organic compounds, environmental xenobiotics.

5. Types of environmental pollution
1. Air Pollution:
• Any imbalance in the ratio of the atmospheric gases is air pollution
• Caused by natural sources like dust carried by the wind, volcanic
eruptions
• Also caused by man made sources like agricultural activities, burning
of fuels, exhaust from factories and vehicles, mining operations etc

6. Effects of air pollution:
• Respiratory and heart diseases
• Global warming
• Eutrophication
• Acid rain
• Effect on wild life
• Depletion of ozone layer

7. Solutions for air pollution:
• Use public mode of transportation
• Conserve energy
• Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
• Emphasis on clean energy
• Use energy efficient devices

8. 2. Water Pollution:
• Any physical, biological or chemical change in water quality that
adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for use.
• Caused by point source that is arising from single source
• Also by non point source that is arrising from multiple source

9. Causes of water pollution:
1. Industrial waste
2. Sewage and waste water
3. Mining activities
4. Marine dumping
5. Accidental Oil leakage
6. Burning of fossil fuels
7. Animal waste

10. Effects of Water Pollution:
1. Health hazards like diarrhea, cholera etc
2. Effect on animals
3. Eutrophication
4. Effect on aquatic life

11. 3. Soil Pollution
• Degradation in any quality of land
• Causes are:
Industrial activities
Waste disposal
Agricultural Activities
Accidental Oil Spills
Acid Rain

12. Efffects of soil pollution:
• Effect on Health of Humans
• Effect on Growth of Plants
• Decreased Soil Fertility
• Toxic Dust
• Changes in Soil Structure

13. 4. Noise pollution:
• Excessive amount of noise or an unpleasant sound that causes temporary
disruption in the natural balance
• Causes of Noise Pollution
Industrialization
Poor Urban Planning
Social events
Transportation
Construction activities
Household chores

14. Effects of Noise Pollution
• Hearing Problems
• Health Issues
• Sleeping Disorders
• Cardiovascular Issues
• Trouble Communicating
• Effect on Wildlife

15. 5. Thermal pollution:
• Sudden increase or decrease in temperature of a natural body of water
which may be ocean, lake, river or pond by human influence.
• Causes of Thermal Pollution
Water as Cooling Agent in Power, Manufacturing and Industrial plants
Soil Erosion
Deforestation
Runoff from Paved Surfaces
Natural Causes

16. 6. Pesticide pollution:
• Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then
destroying, or mitigating any pest. They are a class of biocide.
Pesticide use raises a number of environmental concerns.
• Environmental effect of pesticides:
Pesticide drift
Biomagnification
Bioaccumulation
Bioconcentration

17. 7. Radiation Pollotion:
• Radioactive pollution can be defined as the release of radioactive
substances or high-energy particles into the air, water, or earth as a
result of human activity, either by accident or by design
• The sources of such waste include:
Nuclear weapon testing or detonation
The nuclear fuel cycle, including the mining, separation, and
production of nuclear materials for use in nuclear power plants or
nuclear bombs
Accidental release of radioactive material from nuclear power plants.

18. 8. Visual Pollution:
• Eyesores - can be caused by other pollution or just by undesirable,
unattractive views. It may lower the quality of life in certain areas, or
could impact property values and personal enjoyment.
• Sources of visual pollution include
Power lines
Construction areas
Billboards and advertising
Neglected areas or objects such as polluted vacant fields or abandoned
buildings.

19. THANK YOU