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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to commence our list
of acknowledgement with our heartfelt
thanks to God the Almighty, who helped
us every step to complete the work with
His strength
This work was conducted under the
guidance of Dr. Saphia L, Assistnt
professor in natural science, CSI College
of education parassala. A deep sense of
our hearts for her sincere guidance,
encouragement and supervision.
We are also thankful to our friends
for their moral support, encouragement
and warm companionship
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CONTENTS
1. Disposal of Organic Waste
2. Waste and sustainability
3. Zero Waste
4. Preventing and minimising
waste disposal
5. Recovering energy from waste
material
6. Biological reprocessing
7. Sanitary landfill
8. Biogas production
9. Production of fish feed
10.Incineration
11.Sewage treatment
12.Bioremediation
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One of the main problems faced by modern society is the disposal of organic waste. Will
sustainable agriculture be an answer for this?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
How are waste and sustainability related?
Discuss with your friends and write it in your science Diary.
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Have you ever seenthis in public places?
What is the purpose of them?
Why these are in different colours?
COLOURS OF RECYCLE BINS USE
BLUE Paper Recyclying
GREEN Organig Recycling
RED Landfill Waste
YELLOW Mixed recycling
WHITE Soft plastic waste
Did you all heard about zero waste concept?
Observe the indicators for zero waste tip. Writ more tips.
o Ask for no straw in your drink.
o Don’t leave your house without a full reusable water bottle
o .............................................................................
o .............................................................................
o .............................................................................
o .............................................................................
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Do you know what organic waste is? Organic waste is any material that is biodegradable and
comes from the plant or an animal.
How organic waste is disposed?
Organic wastes are often disposed of with other wastes in landfills or incinerators, but
since they are biodegradable, some organic wastes are suitable for composting and land
application. Organic materials found in municipal solid waste include food, paper, wood,
sewage sludge, and yard waste.
Discuss with the help of given Indicators and writ your conclusions in the science diary.
Composting
Biogas Production
Fodder production
Poultry fodder Production
Production of fish feed
The methods through which waste management is done includes:
1. Preventing and minimising waste disposal
People should be aware of waste management responsibilities, and efforts to reduce waste
disposal must be supported. It is essential to encourage people to use recycled products.
Recycled tyre to a pouch
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Process of recycling of plastic
2. Recovering energyfrom waste material
Different ways have been developed to convert waste materials into energy that may be
utilised for cooking, heating, and providing power to various machinery.
3. Biologicalreprocessing
Biodegradable waste can be transformed into compost and used as manures by
burying it in compost pits or bins. The process is called composting.
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Organic waste turned into compost
When earthworms act on the organic wastes to degrade
them, the process is called vermicomposting.
Vermi compost
4. Sanitary landfill
A landfill is a process of disposing waste by dumping it in low-lying areas of
the ground and covering it with the earth. This requires careful planning, design, and a
substantial amount of manpower. Land that has been filled can be reused, although
it requires maintenance. Once the landfill is full, it is converted to parks, gardens,
or playgrounds, as no building can be constructed for approximately 20 years on
top of it.
Composting
The Since biodegradable
or organic wastes like
vegetable peels, waste
food, leaves, dead flowers,
and egg shells can be
recycled, they are
converted into manure by
burying them in compost
pits. Recycling of organic
wastes like vegetable
peels, waste food, leaves,
etc., by burying them in
compost pits is called
composting. Composting
is a simple and almost
effortless process of
recycling. The
biodegradable wastes are
degraded by the action of
small organisms like
bacteria and fungi. There
is also a different kind of
composting where a kind
of earthworm called red
worms (or red wrigglers)
act on wastes and degrade
them.
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Landfill
5. Biogasproduction
Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
sulphide, produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal
waste, plant material, sewage, green waste and food waste. It is a renewable energy source.[1]
Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms or methanogen inside
an anaerobic digester, bio digester or a bioreactor.
Major sources of biogas include municipal wastewater treatment plants, industrial waste
treatment facilities, landfills, and agricultural sources such as manure and energy crops.
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6. Productionof fish feed
The amount of food waste generated from modern societies is increasing, which has imposed
a tremendous pressure on its treatment and disposal. Food waste should be treated as a
valuable resource rather than waste, and turning it into fish feeds would be a viable
alternative. This paper attempts to review the feasibility of using food waste to formulate feed
pellets to culture a few freshwater fish species, such as grass carp, grey mullet, and tilapia,
under polyculture mode. These species occupy different ecological niches, with different
feeding modes and therefore all the nutrients derived from the food waste could be efficiently
recycled within the ecosystem.
7. Incineration
"Incineration" refers to the process of converting a substance to ash by burning it at a very
high temperature (greater than 1000°C).
As a result, the volume of waste is reduced. The high temperature and enormous heat kill
the germs that cause various contagious diseases.
Incineration takes place in a furnace known as an incinerator. All the organic
matter present in the waste is eliminated as carbon dioxide and water. The ash that remains
is periodically removed and disposed of at a landfill.
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9. Sewagetreatment
Sewage treatment is the final stepin returning used water to the environment. There
are three stages of sewage treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The solids are first
separated from the wastewater. The dissolved biological matter is slowly converted into a
solid mass using water-borne bacteria.
Finally, the biological solids are then neutralised before being disposed of or reduced. The
treated water is chemically disinfected. The final effluent obtained is discharged into
a stream or water body or used for irrigation.
10. Bioremediation
Bioremediation is a clean-up technology that is rapidly evolving.
Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the environment using biological options such
as microorganisms and plants.
Some naturally occurring bacteria and other microbes can break down, absorb,
and detoxify pollutants such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Many plant
materials have been successfully used as adsorbents for xenobiotics.
Biodegradation of pollutants
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Significant Learning Outcomes
The Learner can
Explain the idea of waste Management.
Explain methods of waste management and its advantages.
Identify the greatness of disposing waste in proper way.
Identify the significance of reusing and recycling.
Implement and propagate eco friendly activity and practices that are important
in environmental health.
Let Us Assess
Why are landfills environmental harmful?
What is the importance of waste management in maintaining an eco friendly
environment?
Ho can organic waste be managed?
Which are the most appropriate methods done in our house for waste management?
Extended Activities
Plan and implement zero waste schemes in your classroom and house.
