Building Science II - Project 2_Report

BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2: DESIGN STUDIO V INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME : BENNY TAN SHIOWEE
STUDENT ID : 0315447
TUTOR : MR SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY
COMMUNITY LIBRARY
JALAN HAJI SALLEH, SENTUL

CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.3 FLOOR PLANS
2.0 LIGHTING
2.1 DAYLIGHT FACTORS ANALYSIS
2.1.1 SPACE I : CHILDREN PLAYING AREA
2.1.2 SPACE II : COMPUTER LAB
2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.3 PSALI [PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING]
3.0 ACOUSTICS
3.1 EXTERNAL NOISE CALCULATION : SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL [SPL]
3.2 REVERBERATION TIME, RT
3.2.1 SPACE I : EXHIBITION AREA
3.3 SOUND REDUCTION INDEX
4.0 REFERENCES

1.1 OBJECTIVES
The aim of this project is to integrate the understanding of the principles of lighting and acoustics in the
context of the final design of studio 5 and it encompasses advanced day lighting systems and the integra-
tion of electrical lighting, strategies for noise managements and room acoustics to where is necessary.
Besides, this project aims to show whether students are able to solve design problems in relation to
sustainability issues based on the natural lighting and the site analysis.
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project of Architecture Design Studio V Project is to design a community library which located at Jalan
Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. The site is a dormant site where there is no interaction going on. Thus,
the community library is design for the old and new community around the site and act as an intersection
point that gather all of them together. Furthermore, the library also promotes communication which
allows the different community to interact.
Meanwhile, the overall design of the community library is response to the site and the neighbouring
context in order to let the library merge into the site where there is no contrast between the new and old
development so that new development will not overtake the site and abandon those older ones. It also
provide the old community a sense of belonging whereas give the new community a sense of reminiscing
the old.
1

1.3 FLOOR PLANS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
2

THIRD FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
3

2.1 DAYLIGHT FACTORS ANALYSIS
Daylight factors is define as the ratio between the actual illuminance at a point inside a room and the
illuminance possible from an unobstructed hemisphere of the same sky. Direct sunlight is excluded from
both values of illuminance, and the daylight factor can be expressed by the following formula:
Where, Ei : illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane
Eo : simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere
of overcast sky
According to MS 1525, the follwing is the table of daylight factors and distribution :
Daylight Factor, DF = Indoor Illuminance, Ei x 100%
Outdoor Illuminance, Eo
ZONE
Very Bright Very large with thermal and glare problems
Good
Fair
Poor
> 6
3 - 6
1 - 3
0 - 1
Bright
DF (%) DISTRIBUTION
Table 1: Daylight factors and distribution
Average
Dark
NOTE: The figures are average daylight factors for windows without glazing
4

FIRST FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
Figure 1: First floor plan with highlighted space I [ Children playing area]
Figure 2: Lux Contour Diagram generated by Ecotect [Children Playing Area]
2.1.1 SPACE I: CHILDREN PLAYING AREA
The choosen space is the children playing area that is located at the first floor of the community library. It is an
enclosed space where one of the side of that space is facing the street view while the sawtooth roof allow the natural
lighting penetrate into the space.
5

Eo = 20 000 lux
DF = Ei x 100%
Eo
12.8 = Ei x 100%
20 000
Ei = 2560 lux
Analysis & Solution
The children playing area which is the enclosed space has a daylight factor of 12.8% and natural illumination of
2560 lux. Based on MS 1525’s table of daylight factor and distribution, more than 6% is consider as very bright
with thermal and glare problem. As a result, the children playing area have high thermal and glaring problem.
Thus, in terms of design, perforated shading device and laminated glass will be proposed to place at the facade
where it helps in shading the space, reduce thermal and glaring problem.
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
Area of light well (m2
)
Exposed facade & light well area to flor area ratio /
daylight factor, DF
Area of facade that exposed to sunlight
Floor Area (m2
) 48.61
56.97
5.32
NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION
ILLUMINANCE
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
Bright sunlight
Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
Typical overcast day, midday
Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient
illumination)
Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise
Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/
rise
110,000 lux
20,000 lux
1000- 2000 lux
EXAMPLE
< 200 lux
400 lux
40 lux
< 1 lux
DF = Ei x 100%
Eo
= (5.32 + 56.97)
48.61
= 1.28
= 128% x 0.1
= 12.8%
6

Figure 3: First floor plan with highlighted space II [ Computer lab]
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
Figure 4: Lux Contour Diagram generated by Ecotect [Computer lab]
2.1.2 SPACE II: COMPUTER LAB
The choosen space is the computer lab that is located at the first floor of the community library. It is an enclosed space
where three side facing the interior of library and one side is surrounded with transparent glass panels that allows
light penetrates into the space.
7

Eo = 20 000 lux
DF = Ei x 100%
Eo
5.4 = Ei x 100%
20 000
Ei = 1080 lux
Analysis & Solution
The computer lab which is an enclosed space has a daylight factor of 5.4% and natural illumination of 1080 lux.
Based on MS 1525’s table of daylight factor and distribution, the range in between 3% to 6% is consider as a good
daylighting distribution. As a result, the computer lab area has a good daylight factor.
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
Area of light well (m2
)
Exposed facade & light well area to floor area ratio
/ daylight factor, DF
Area of facade that exposed to sunlight
Floor Area (m2
) 47.12
25.71
0
NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION
ILLUMINANCE
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
Bright sunlight
Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
Typical overcast day, midday
Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient
illumination)
Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise
Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/
rise
110,000 lux
20,000 lux
1000- 2000 lux
EXAMPLE
< 200 lux
400 lux
40 lux
< 1 lux
DF = Ei x 100%
Eo
= (25.71 + 0)
47.12
= 0.54
= 54% x 0.1
= 5.4 %
8

According to MS 1525, the range of lighting level required for Children Playing Area is 300 lux - 500 lux.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL FUNCTION COLOR AREA (m2
) SURFACE TYPE REFLECTANCE
VALUE
Plaster
Glass Panel
Timber Floor
Concrete Wall
Wall
Ceiling
Dark brown
Grey
Transparent
White
Reflective
Reflective
Absorptive
Reflective
121.98
23.41
23.63
121.98 40 - 45
6 - 10
50
30
2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.2.1 SPACE I: CHILDREN PLAYING AREA
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
N.T.S
Figure 5: First floor plan with highlighted space I [Children Playing area]
9

FIXTURE PROPERTIES
TYPE OF FIXTURE Surface Mounted Downlight
Aluminium
Philips; DN561C
25,000 hours
8 or 11.2
>80
3000
Warm white
1200
MATERIAL OF FIXTURE
PRODUCT BRAND & CODE
NOMINAL LIFE (HOURS)
WATTAGE RANGE (W)
CRI
COLOUR TEMPERATURE, K
COLOUR DESIGNATION
LUMINOUS FLUX (lm)
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
SPACE Children Playing Area
DIMENSION Area A ; Length = 4.7 m
Width = 3.4 m
Height = 2.7 m
Area B ; Length = 4.7 m
Width = 3.4 m
Height = 2.7 m
Area C ; Length = 2.5 m
Width = 3.4 m
Height = 2.7 m
Area D ; Length = 2.5 m
Width = 3.4 m
Height = 2.7 m
10

RI = (L x W)
Hm (L + W)
= 48.61
1.9 (13.95)
= 48.61
26.51
= 1.83 = 2.00
N = E x A
F X UF X MF
= 300 x 48.61
1200 X 0.6 X 0.8
= 12198
576
= 25.31 = 25 units
0.8
2.7
1.9
Ceiling : 50
Wall : 30
Floor : 50
0.6
0.8
300
HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL
TOTAL FLOOR AREA (m2
)
TYPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURE Surface Mounted Downlight
LUMEN OF LIGHTING FIXTURE, F (lux) 1200 lm
HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)
MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)
REFLECTION FACTORS
ROOM INDEX / RI, K
UTILIZATION FACTORS, UF
MAINTENANCE FACTOR, MF
STANDARD ILLUMINANCE BY MS 1525
NUMBER OF LUMINAIRES REQUIRED
Area A = 4.7 m x 3.4 m
= 15.98 m2
Area B = 4.7 m x 3.4 m
= 15.98 m2
Area C = 2.5 m x 3.4 m
= 8.5 m2
Area D = 2.5 m x 3.4 m
= 8.5 m2
Thus, the total floor area = 48.61 m2
11

Figure 6: Arrangement of light fittings in space I [Children Playing area]
Conclusion
From the calculation, the exhibition area required a total number of 26 units of surface mounted downlight
with 1.34 meter spacing arranged in 5 row configuration to achieve even light distribution.
FITTINGS LAYOUT
SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)
FITTINGS LAYOUT BY APPROXIMATELY (m) No. of row : 5 rows
No. of fitting / row : 5 units
Spacing along the width : 6.7 = 1.34 m
5
SHR = 1 x √A
Hm N
= 1 x √48.61
1.9 25
= 0.15
SHR = S = 0.15
1.9
S = 1.9 x 0.15
= 0.28
12

Figure 7: First floor plan with highlighted space II [ Computer lab]
According to MS 1525, the minimum lighting level required for Computer Lab is 300 lux.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL FUNCTION COLOR AREA (m2
) SURFACE TYPE REFLECTANCE
VALUE
Plaster
Glass Panel
Timber Floor
Concrete Wall
Wall
Ceiling
Dark brown
Grey
Transparent
White
Reflective
Reflective
Absorptive
Reflective
121.98
23.41
23.63
121.98 40 - 45
6 - 10
50
30
2.2.2 SPACE II: COMPUTER LAB
13

FIXTURE PROPERTIES
TYPE OF FIXTURE OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab
Aluminium
Philips; LP710P
50,000 hours
190
>80
3000 or 4000
Warm white
14000
MATERIAL OF FIXTURE
PRODUCT BRAND & CODE
NOMINAL LIFE (HOURS)
WATTAGE RANGE (W)
CRI
COLOUR TEMPERATURE, K
COLOUR DESIGNATION
LUMINOUS FLUX (lm)
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
SPACE Computer lab
DIMENSION Length = 8.5 m
Width = 5.5 m
Height = 3.0 m
0.8
3.0
2.2
Ceiling : 50
Wall : 30
Floor : 50
HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL
TOTAL FLOOR AREA (m2
)
TYPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURE OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab
LUMEN OF LIGHTING FIXTURE, F (lux) 14000 lm
HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)
MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)
REFLECTION FACTORS
Area = 8.5 x 5.5
= 46.75 m2
14

RI = (L x W)
Hm (L + W)
= 46.75
2.7 (8.5 + 5.5)
= 46.75
37.80
= 1.24
N = E x A
F X UF X MF
= 300x 46.75
14000 X 0.37 X 0.8
= 14025
4144
= 3.38 = 4 units
0.37
0.8
300
ROOM INDEX / RI, K
UTILIZATION FACTORS, UF
MAINTENANCE FACTOR, MF
STANDARD ILLUMINANCE BY MS 1525
NUMBER OF LUMINAIRES REQUIRED
Conclusion
From the calculation, the computer lab required a total number of 4 units of onespace luminous ceiling
prefab with 4.25 meter spacing arranged in 2 row configuration to achieve even light distribution.
SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)
FITTINGS LAYOUT BY APPROXIMATELY (m) No. of row : 2 rows
No. of fitting / row : 2 units
Spacing along the width : 8.5 = 4.25 m
2
SHR = 1 x √A
Hm N
= 1 x √46.75
2.2 4
= 0.78
SHR = S = 0.78
2.2
S = 2.2 x 0.78
= 1.7
15

Figure 8: Arrangement of light fittings in space II [Computer Lab]
FITTINGS LAYOUT
16

Figure 9: Arrangement of light fittings in space I [Children Playing area]
Figure 10: Arrangement of light fittings with circuit in space I [Children Playing area]
2.3 PSALI [PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING]
SW 1SW 2
17

Figure 11: Arrangement of light fittings in space II [Computer Lab]
Figure 12: Arrangement of light fittings with circuit in space II [Computer Lab]
SW 1
SW 2
18

3.1 EXTERNAL NOISE CALCULATION : SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL [SPL]
Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
Where, I : the intensity of the sound being measured (W/m2
)
Io
: the intensity of the threshold of hearing taken as 1 x 10-12
W/m2
Jalan Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
SOUND INTENSITY [PEAK HOUR]:
HIGHEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I1
Io
80 = 10 log10
x I1
Io
8.0 = 10 log10
x I1
1 x 10-12
I1
= 108.0
(1 x 10-12
)
I1
= 108.0
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [108.0+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-4
LOWEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I2
Io
70 = 10 log10
x I2
Io
7.0 = 10 log10
x I2
1 x 10-12
I2
= 107.0
(1 x 10-12
)
I2
= 107.0
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [107.0+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-5
Sound Pressure Level, SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
COMBINED SPL:
I = I1
+ I2
= ( 1 x 10-4
) + ( 1 x 10-5
)
= 1.1 x 10-4
SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL:
SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
= 10 log10
x 1.1 x 10-4
1 x 10-12
= 80.41 dB
RECORDED READINGS PEAK HOUR
Highest : 80 dB
Lowest : 70 dB
Highest : 65 dB
Lowest : 60 dB
NON - PEAK HOUR
19

CONCLUSION
As a results, the average Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the exhibition area during peak and non-peak hour is 80.41 dB
and 66.19 dB respectively.
SOUND INTENSITY [NON-PEAK HOUR]:
HIGHEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I1
Io
65 = 10 log10
x I1
Io
6.5 = 10 log10
x I1
1 x 10-12
I1
= 106.5
(1 x 10-12
)
I1
= 106.5
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [106.5+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-5.5
LOWEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I2
Io
60 = 10 log10
x I2
Io
6 = 10 log10
x I2
1 x 10-12
I2
= 106
(1 x 10-12
)
I2
= 106
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [106+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-6
COMBINED SPL:
I = I1
+ I2
= ( 1 x 10-5.5
) + ( 1 x 10-6
)
= 4.16 x 10-6
SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
= 10 log10
x 4.16 x 10-6
1 x 10-12
= 66.19 dB
20

Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
Where, I : the intensity of the sound being measured (W/m2
)
Io
: the intensity of the threshold of hearing taken as 1 x 10-12
W/m2
Jalan Haji Salleh, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
SOUND INTENSITY [PEAK HOUR]:
HIGHEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I1
Io
75 = 10 log10
x I1
Io
7.5 = 10 log10
x I1
1 x 10-12
I1
= 107.5
(1 x 10-12
)
I1
= 107.5
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [107.5+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-4.5
LOWEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I2
Io
57 = 10 log10
x I2
Io
5.7 = 10 log10
x I2
1 x 10-12
I2
= 105.7
(1 x 10-12
)
I2
= 105.7
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [105.7+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-6.3
Sound Pressure Level, SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
COMBINED SPL:
I = I1
+ I2
= ( 1 x 10-4.5
) + ( 1 x 10-6.3
)
= 3.21 x 10-5
SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
= 10 log10
x 3.21 x 10-5
1 x 10-12
= 75.07 dB
RECORDED READINGS PEAK HOUR
Highest : 75 dB
Lowest : 57 dB
Highest : 65 dB
Lowest : 55 dB
NON - PEAK HOUR
21

CONCLUSION
As a results, the average Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the computer lab during peak and non-peak hour is
75.07 dB and 65.42 dB respectively.
SOUND INTENSITY [NON-PEAK HOUR]:
HIGHEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I1
Io
65 = 10 log10
x I1
Io
6.5 = 10 log10
x I1
1 x 10-12
I1
= 106.5
(1 x 10-12
)
I1
= 106.5
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [106.5+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-5.5
LOWEST READING
SPL = 10 log10
x I2
Io
55 = 10 log10
x I2
Io
5.5 = 10 log10
x I2
1 x 10-12
I2
= 105.5
(1 x 10-12
)
I2
= 105.5
x (1 x 10-12
)
= 1 x [105.5+(-12)
]
= 1 x 10-6.5
COMBINED SPL:
I = I1
+ I2
= ( 1 x 10-5.5
) + ( 1 x 10-6.5
)
= 3.48 x 10-6
SPL = 10 log10
x I
Io
= 10 log10
x 3.48 x 10-6
1 x 10-12
= 65.42 dB
22

3.2 REVERBERATION TIME, RT
Reverberation time is the time taken for a sound, when stopped, to decay by 60 dB.
Units : seconds (s)
Where, t : reverberation time (s)
V : volume of the room (m3
)
A : total absorption of room surfaces (m2 sabins)
: Σ(surface area x absorption coefficient)
Space volume, V =
Reverberation time , t = 0.16 V
A
Volume A = 4.7 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m
= 43.15 m3
Volume B = 4.7 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m
= 43.15 m3
Volume C = 2.5 m x 3.4 m x 2.7 m
= 22.95 m3
Volume D = 2.5 m x 3.4 m x 2.7m
= 22.95 m3
Thus, the total space volume = 132.2 m3
23

Reverberation time, t = 0.16 V
A
= 0.16 x 132.2
27.86
= 0.76s
= 0.8s
The reverberation time for the children playing area which might also be a event area at 500 Hz during
non- peak hours is 0.8s. As a results, this area is at the comfort reverberation time of between the range
of 0.7-1.0s. Short reverberation time are suitable for spaces like an event area where the speech given is
clear enough. Lastly, this shows tha the acoustic absorption of the space is sufficient to shorten the
reveberation time.
Material absorption coefficient in 500Hz at non- peak hour with 50 persons in the space
B U I L D I N G
ELEMENTS
Total Absorption, A 27.86
MATERIALS AREA (m2
) A B S O R P T I O N
COEFFICIENT, a
SOUND ABSORPTION,
Sa
Wall
Wall
Floor Plaster finish
Ceiling
Door Glass door
-People (non-
peak hour)
Plaster finish
Glass Panel
Concrete
48.61
48.61
5.67 0.10
50
18.09
51.3
0.729
1.026
0.729
0.567
1.809
0.015
0.015
0.46 23
0.10
0.02
24

3.3 SOUND REFLECTION INDEX, SRI
i) Glass panel curtain wall
SRI glass = 10log10
1
T glass
26 = 10log10
1
T glass
2.6 = log10
1
T glass
1 = 102.6
T glass
T glass = 2.51 x 10-3
TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT OF MATERIALS
B U I L D I N G
ELEMENTS
MATERIALS SURFACE
AREA (m2
)
SRI (dB) TRANSMSSION
COEFFICIENT, T
Wall Glass Panel
(Curtain Wall )
2.51 x 10-3
25.5 26
25

CONCLUSION
The overall transmission loss from the computer lab to the light reading area is 26 dB.Assumption have made that the
sound pressure level, SPL in the computer lab is approximately 65.42 dB, the sound that transmitted through the glass
wall to the light reading area is 39.42dB. Based on the chart of recommended internal noise levels, the upper limit for
the internal ambient noise level for a light reading area is 40. In conclusion, the sound level that transmitted out from
the computer lab has within the limit. Thus, the existing glass panel is fine in the area.
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
Tav = (25.5 x 2.51 x 10-3
)
(25.5)
= 0.06
25.5
= 2.51 x 10-3
SRI overall = 10log10
1
Tav
= 10log10
1
2.51 x 10-3
= 26 dB
Thus, 65.42 dB - 26dB = 39.42 dB
26

4.0 REFERENCES
Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants - AAAC.. (2016). Aaac.org.au. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from
http://www.aaac.org.au/au/aaac/downloads.aspx
(2016). Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf
(2016). Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/-
files/2014/07/MS-1525-2007.pdf
OneSpace luminous ceiling prefab Luminous Surfaces - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com.
Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-lumi-
naires/luminous-surfaces/onespace-luminous-ceiling-prefab#downloads
LuxSpace Mini, surface mounted LuxSpace - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July
2016,fromhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-lu-
minaires/downlights/luxspace/luxspace-mini-surface-mounted#downloads
27

Building Science II - Project 2_Report

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Destaque

Destaque (9)

Semelhante a Building Science II - Project 2_Report

Semelhante a Building Science II - Project 2_Report (19)

Mais de BennyTS

Mais de BennyTS (20)

Último

Último (20)

Building Science II - Project 2_Report