History of Physical Education

1. B Y : B E N H A M B Y
HISTORY AND CHANGES IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2. HISTORY
• First types of physical education taught in schools:
• Gymnastics
• Track & Field
• Personal Hygiene & Upkeep
• Began to grow in importance during the
development of collegiate athletics and physical
demands for soldiers during war

3. HISTORY (CONT.)
• Early 1900’s aim of physical education was to:
• Promote wellness
• Train young athletes Olympics and
organized/professional sports
• Machines to aid in improving athletic
performance were introduced:
• Dumbbells
• Medicine balls

4. HISTORY (CONT.)
• 1970’s - Women allowed to compete in high school
and collegiate events
• 2000’s - Shift from competitive athletics to promoting
health and wellness
• Present - emphasis on:
• Importance of exercise
• Theory and rules of sports
• Values of teamwork, leadership, and competitiveness

5. IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Johann Bernhard
Basedow
• Emphasized:
• Importance of physical play
• Uniforms

6. IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Charles Beck
• First American phys. ed.
teacher (gymnastics)
• Believed in exercise for bodily
maintenance

7. IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Diocletian Lewis
• Created early versions of
weightlifting equipment

8. IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Dudley Allen Sargent
• Began physical testing of
various ages

9. IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Clark Hetherington
• Founded many collegiate
athletic programs
• Created drills and activities
that promoted:
• Sportsmanship
• Leadership
• Teamwork

10. CURRENT NATIONAL PHYSICAL
EDUCATION CURRICULUM-(TAKEN FROM:
HTTP://WWW.MARYLANDPUBLICSCHOOLS.ORG/MSDE/DIVISIONS/INSTRUCTION/PHYSICAL_EDUCATION.HTM
• The National Standards for Physical Education include:
• Standard 1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to
perform a variety of physical activities.
• Standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and
tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
• Standard 3: Participates regularly in physical activity.
• Standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
• Standard 5: Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others
in physical activity settings.
• Standard 6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression,
and/or social interaction.

11. DIVERSITY AND ASSISTANCE IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION- (TAKEN FROM:
HTTP://WWW.MARYLANDPUBLICSCHOOLS.ORG/MSDE/DIVISIONS/INSTRUCTION/PHYSICAL_EDUCATION.HTM)
• Adapted Physical Education (APE)
• The physical education program designed for individuals with
disabilities is called adapted physical education as it is in Title 34
Code of Federal Regulations. The program is adapted to meet the
needs of each student through modifications and accommodations.
• The student is not required to adapt to the conditions of the
program as would be implied with adaptive physical education as
in adaptive behaviors.
• Adapted Physical Education is a service not a setting. It is important
to distinguish that students with disabilities that need APE services,
receive this service in order to benefit from quality instruction in
physical education in the Least Restrictive Environment. Least
Restrictive Environment is the federal language to describe the
setting for receiving these services.

12. WHY PHYSICAL EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT
TO FIGHT CHILDHOOD OBESITY
• Percentage of children ages 6-11 which are obese
has doubled in the past 20 years
• African American and Latinos are a large part of
the statistic population
• Obesity in children can lead to diabetes, joint pain,
depression, and anxiety.

13. CITATIONS
• Bavčević, T., Babin, J., & Prskalo, I. (2006). COMPLEX GROUP ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS - AN OPTIMIZING
FACTOR IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION INSTRUCTION. Kinesiology, 38(1), 28-39.
• Brief History of Physical Education, Physical Education History. (n.d.). Excite Education. Retrieved July 10, 2014,
from http://www.excite.com/education/subject/brief-history-of-physical-education
• Foteinos, D. (2012). Images of the body: the Greek physical education curriculum since the Second World
War. History Of Education, 41(6), 807-822. doi:10.1080/0046760X.2012.749753
• PHILLIPS, M., & ROPER, A. (2006). History of physical education. In D. Kirk, D. Macdonald, & M. O'Sullivan
(Eds.), Handbook of physical education. (pp. 123-141). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781848608009.n8
• https://www.google.com/search?q=obesity+and+physical+education&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS553US553&oq=obe
sity+and+physical+education&aqs=chrome..69i57.6629j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8