Credits to Ma'am Evangeline Teruel

1. PUTLA MO. IKAW NANGI-
ANEMIC KA NGITIM KA NA!
NOH?! CYANOTIC KA!
INTUBATE KITA!

3.  is the state of narcosis,
analgesia, relaxation and
loss of reflex
 the client is not arousable
even to painful stimuli

4. ANESTHESIOLOGIST- physician trained to
deliver anesthesia and to monitor patient
during surgery
ANESTHETIST- health care professional,
such as a nurse anesthetist, who is trained
to deliver anesthesia and to monitor the
patients condition during surgery
ANESTHETIC- the substance such as a
chemical gas, used to induced anesthesia

5. 1. To produce muscle relaxation
2. Analgesia
3. Loss of memory
4. Artificial sleep
(unconsciousness)
5. Relieves fear and anxiety

6.  Physical condition
 Age
 Presence of co-existing disease
 Type, site, duration of surgery
 Anesthesiologist’s preference
 Patient’s preference

7. 1.Beginning
2.Excitement
3.Surgical
4.Medullary

8. 1.GENERAL
ANESTHESIA
2.REGIONAL
ANESTHESIA

9.  General anesthesia
 Loss of all sensation and
consciousness
 Regional or Local anesthesia
 Loss of sensation in ONE area
with consciousness present

15.  Blocks the pain stimulus at the
cortex
 Total loss of consciousness and
sensation
 Produces amnesia, analgesia,
hypnosis and relaxation

16. WHAT are the
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGE:

17. 1. IV INFUSION
2. INHALATION
 Mask
 Nasal
 Oral
 tracheal

18. 1. TRANQUILIZERS AND SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS
(Benzodiazepines)
a. Midazolam (Dormicum)
b. Diazepam (Valium)
c. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
d. Droperidol (Inapsine)
e. Lorazepam (Ativan)

19. 2. OPIOIDS (Narcotics)
a. Morphine
b. Meperidine HCl (Demerol)

20. 3. NEUROLEPANALGESICS
a. Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
b. Sufentanil
4. DISSOCIATIVE AGENTS
a. Ketamine (Ketaralac; Ketajact)

21. 5. BARBITURATES
a. Thiopental Na (Pentothal)
b. Methohexital Na (Brevital)
6. NONBARBITURATES HYPNOTICS
a. Etomidate (Amidate)
b. Propofol (Diprivan)

22. 5. BARBITURATES
a. Thiopental Na (Pentothal)
b. Methohexital Na (Brevital)
6. NONBARBITURATES HYPNOTICS
a. Etomidate (Amidate)
b. Propofol (Diprivan)

23. 1. Positioning
2. IV line
3. Monitoring
4. Strap
5. Rapid acting drugs
 Thiopental (Pentothal)
 Propofol (Diprovan)
 Methohexital (Brevital)
6. O2 and Gas via mask
7. Muscle relaxant
 ADULT: Succiniylcholine chloride (Anectine)
 PEDIA:
▪ Rocuronium (Zemuron)
▪ Atracurium (Tracrium)
▪ Vecuronium (Norcuron)
8. INTUBATION

26. KEY POINTS DURING INDUCTION!
1. Circulator should remain
2. Gentle and rapid approach
3. Avoid stimulation of the patient (mandatory) “noise
avoidance”
4. Do not touch patient until anesthesiologist says it is
safe to do so
5. Precaution: ECG, defib, chest stet, BP
6. Positioning: if obese elevate head to avoid pressure
(protect diaphragm)
7. If hypotensive- flat
8. Children: circulator- to be less frightening stay close to
the child

27. 1. VOLATILE LIQUIDS:
a. Halothane (Fluothane)
b. Methoxyflurane (Penthrane)
c. Enflutane (Ethrane)
d. Isoflurane (Forane)
e. Sevoflurane (Ultrane)
f. Desflurane (Suprane)

28. 2. GASES:
a. Nitrous oxide

29.  Produces loss of sensation in only one
region of the body and does not cause
loss of consciousness
 Blocks pain stimulus at its:
1. Origin
2. Along afferent neurons
3. Along the spinal cord

30. 1. TOPICAL – directly applied into
the area to be desensitized with
the use of a solution
2. LOCAL INFILTRATION BLOCK –
blocks only peripheral nerves
around the area of incision

31. 1. FIELD BLOCK – areas proximal to
the incision site is injected and
infiltrated a barrier (“WALL IN”)
2. PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCK –
anesthetizes individual nerves or
nerve plexuses rather than all the
nerves anesthetized by a field
block

34. Blocks impulses along the
spinal cord and nerve roots
and may occur either in the
subarachnoid or epidural
space

35. 1. SPINAL – produces a nerve block in
the subarachnoid space
2. EPIDURAL – injection of local
anesthetic into the spinal canal in the
space surrounding the dura mater
3. CAUDAL (TRANS-SACRAL) –
produces anesthesia of the perineum
and occasionally, the lower abdomen

37. TOPICAL Applied directly on
the skin
INFILTRATION Injected into a
specific area of skin
NERVE BLOCK Injected around a
nerve
SPINAL Low spinal
Subarachnoid anesthesia
EPIDURAL Epidural space is
injected with
anesthesia

38. 1. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) and
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
2. Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
3. Etidocaine (Duranest)
4. Procaine (Novocaine)
5. Tetracaine (Pontocaine)

39. 1. Procaine (Novocaine)
2. Tetracaine (Pontocaine)
3. Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
4. Bupivacaine (Marcaine)