Fibre Fabric
Yarn
Prepared & Presenting by
• Bashir Ahmed
• Iftekharul Islam

Fibre
Fibre is a hair like strand that has very
small diameter in relation to its length
Different Fibre Staple Length
Dyed Fibre Raw Fibre

Fibre
It is a material which is several hundred times as
long as it’s thick.
Fibre is a hair like strand that has very
small diameter in relation to its length
Microscopic view of Wool fibre

Fibre
It is a material which is several
hundred times as long as it’s thick.
It is the building block of textiles
Fibre is a hair like strand that has very
small diameter in relation to its length

Fibre
It is a material which is several
hundred times as long as it’s thick.
It is the building block of textiles
Fibre is a hair like strand that has very
small diameter in relation to its length

Fibre
Chemical
Physical Chemical Mechanical
Fibre length Tensile Properties Behaviour towards dyes
Strength Flexural Properties Ability to moisture
absorption
Elasticity Torsional Properties Thermal Properties
Flexibility Fictional Properties Torsional Properties
Cohesiveness Electrical Properties
Fineness
Cross section
Crimp
Resiliency
Toughness
Work of rupture
Appearance
Density
Elongation
Chemical
Chemical
Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Properties

Fibre
Chemical
Length
1
Flexibility
2 Tenacity
3
Cohesiveness
4
Origin Certificate
5
Uniformity
Resiliency
Elasticity
7
6
8
The Main
Properties of
Textiles
Fibre

Fibre
Human Hair Cotton Fibre
Human Hair Cotton Fibre
?
The Main
Properties of
Textiles
Fibre

Fibre
It’s often used as an indication of fiber fineness and maturity.
Immature Mature Dead
Micronaire
value

Fibre
It’s often used as an indication of fiber fineness and maturity.
Immature Mature Dead
Classification Grade Range
A A 3.7-4.2
B
B1 3.5-4.6
B2 4.3-4.9
C
C1 <or=3.4
C2 >or=5
Micronaire
value

Fibre
It’s often used as an indication of fiber fineness and maturity.
Immature Mature Dead
Classification Grade Range
A
A 3.7-4.2
B B1 3.5-4.6
B2 4.3-4.9
C
C1 <or=3.4
C2 >or=5
Best Quality
Average
Worst Quality
Micronaire
value

Fibre
Length is the most important property of a fiber.
The length of cotton is directly related to its spinning performance.
Fibre
Length
Egyptian Cotton
(37 mm)
American Cotton
(29 mm)
Indian Cotton
(22 mm)

Fibre
Length is the most important property of a fiber.
The length of cotton is directly related to its spinning performance.
Fibre
Length
Egyptian Cotton
(37 mm)
American Cotton
(29 mm)
Indian Cotton
(22 mm)
Description Staple Length (mm)
Short Length <20.6
Medium Length 20.6-25.4
Medium Long Length 26.2-27.8
Long Length 28.6-33.3
Extra Long Length >34.9

Classification of Fibre
Natural
Animal
Silk Wool Hair
Alpaca
Camel
Cow
Mohair
Cashmere
Goats
Horse
Mineral
Asbestos
Cellulose
Bast
Flax
Jute
Ramie
Hemp
Kenaf
Date Palm
Leaf
Sisal
Agave
Palf
Banana
Date Palm
Abaca
Seed
Cotton
Kapok
Loofah
Milk Weed
Fruit
Coir
Oil Palm
Wood
Soft
Hard
Stalk
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Oat
Rye
Barley
Grass/Reeds
Bamboo
Bagasse
Corn
Rape
Esparto
Canary
Man Made
Regenerated
Viscose
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Rubber
Synthetic
Nylon
Polyester
Spandex
Acrylic
Inorganic
Metallic
Glass
Carbon fibre

Classification of Fibre
Natural
Animal
Silk Wool Hair
Alpaca
Camel
Cow
Mohair
Cashmere Goats
Horse
Mineral
Asbestos
Cellulose
Bast
Flax
Jute
Ramie
Hemp
Kenaf
Date Palm
Leaf
Sisal
Agave
Palf
Banana
Date Palm
Abaca
Seed
Cotton
Kapok
Loofah
Milk Weed
Fruit
Coir
Oil Palm
Wood
Soft
Hard

Classification of Fibre
Natural
ats
os
Cellulose
Bast
Flax
Jute
Ramie
Hemp
Kenaf
Date Palm
Leaf
Sisal
Agave
Palf
Banana
Date Palm
Abaca
Seed
Cotton
Kapok
Loofah
Milk Weed
Fruit
Coir
Oil Palm
Wood
Soft
Hard
Stalk
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Oat
Rye
Barley
Grass/Reeds
Bamboo
Bagasse
Corn
Rape
Esparto
Canery
M
Ma
Regene
rated
Viscose
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Rubber
Syn
t
N
P
S
A

Classification of Fibre
t
d
Stalk
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Oat
Rye
Barley
Grass
Bambo
o
Bagass
e
Corn
Rape
Espart
o
Canery
Man Made
Regenerated
Viscose
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Rubber
Synthetic
Nylon
Polyester
Spandex
Acrylic
Inorganic
Metallic
Glass
Carbon fibre
 Cotton plants
 Very friendly to the
environment
 Different trees and
chemicals
 Has toxic chemicals that
are not friendly to the
environment
Viscose Cotton
Nylon Bag
Nylon
Glass Fibre Curtain
Polyester Fibre Garments make from polyester
 Fire protection
 Temp control
 Air purification

Classification of Fibre
Natural
Animal
Silk Wool Hair
Alpaca
Camel
Cow
Mohair
Cashmere
Goats
Horse
Mineral
Asbestos
Cellulose
Bast
Flax
Jute
Ramie
Hemp
Kenaf
Date Palm
Leaf
Sisal
Agave
Palf
Banana
Date Palm
Abaca
Seed
Cotton
Kapok
Loofah
Milk Weed
Fruit
Coir
Oil Palm
Wood
Soft
Hard
Stalk
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Oat
Rye
Barley
Grass/Reeds
Bamboo
Bagasse
Corn
Rape
Esparto
Canery
Man Made
Regenerated
Viscose
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Rubber
Synthetic
Nylon
Polyester
Spandex
Acrylic
Inorganic
Metallic
Glass
Carbon fibre

Eco-friendly Alternatives for Most Common Fibres
Man Made
Polyester
Recycled
Polyester
Nylon
Recycled
Nylon
Acrylic
Recycled
Acrylic
Regen-
erated
Viscose
Bamboo
Lyocell,
Lyocell or
Tencel
Natural
Cellulose-Cotton
Organic
Cotton
Rain-Fed-
Cotton
Hemp Organic Fax
Dew-
Retted Flax
Animal
Organic
wool
Recycled
Animal
Fibre
Peace or
Wild Silk
Fibers from
responsible
Alpaca,
Mohair,
Sheep &
other
Animal

Man Made
Polyester
Recycled
Polyester
Nylon
Recycled
Nylon
Acrylic
Recycled
Acrylic
Regenerated
Viscose
Bamboo
Lyocell,
Lyocell or
Tencel
Organic Cotton
Rain-
Cott
Eco-friendly Alternatives for Most Common Fibres

r
s
o
,
l
l
Natural
Cellulose-Cotton
Organic
Cotton
Rain-Fed-
Cotton
Hemp
Organic
Fax
Dew-
Retted
Flax
Animal
Organic
wool
Recycled
Animal
Fibre
Peace or
Wild Silk
Fibers from
responsible
Alpaca,
Mohair,
Sheep &
other
Animal
Eco-friendly Alternatives for Most Common Fibres

Man Made
Polyester
Recycled
Polyester
Nylon
Recycled
Nylon
Acrylic
Recycled
Acrylic
Regen-
erated
Viscose
Bamboo
Lyocell,
Lyocell or
Tencel
Natural
Cellulose-Cotton
Organic
Cotton
Rain-Fed-
Cotton
Hemp Organic Fax
Dew-
Retted Flax
Animal
Organic
wool
Recycled
Animal
Fibre
Peace or
Wild Silk
Fibers from
responsible
Alpaca,
Mohair,
Sheep &
other
Animal
Eco-friendly Alternatives for Most Common Fibres

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous strand of textiles fibers held together by twist.
Yarn (Close View)
Yarn
Jute Rope

Mixing
Staple
Fibres
Filament
Fibres
Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous strand of textiles fibers held together by twist
Example: Silk
All fibers that have a practically unlimited
length are considered filaments. In other
words, filament fibers are continuous fiber.
Example: Cotton
Any fiber with a practical, limited or finite
length is considered a staple fiber.
Blending
Example: CVC
Two or more different kinds of fibers are
mixed together.
Example: Organic Cotton + Conv. Cotton
Two or more different kinds of fibers of
the same kind mix.
Terms

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous strand of textiles fibers held together by twist
5
2
3
4
1
Yarn
Classification
Criteria

Yarn
 Lower quality
 Hairiness
 Higher process loss
 Ultimately, Lower fabric
quality
Carded
• Higher quality
• Almost no Hairiness
• Lower process loss
• Ultimately, Higher fabric
quality
Combed
Moderate
Semi-combed
1

Yarn
Known as ring framed yarn
a) Carded yarn
b) Super carded yarn
c) Semi-combed yarn
d) Combed yarn
e) Super combed yarn
f) Compact yarn
Ring Frame M/C
This type of yarn
contains many
irregularities
a) Low twist yarn
b) High twist yarn
c) Normal twist yarn
Rotor M/C
Modern Yarn production
Air-jet yarn
2

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
3

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
Single Ply 2 Ply 3 ply

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
Slub Yarns
Garment from Slub yarn

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
Count express through number
the fineness or coarseness of yarn
Yarn Count
Indirect
English
(Ne)
British
(Nm)
Direct
Tex
Denier

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
20 hanks yarn
1 hanks = 840 yard
20 * 840 yard
In 1 Pound
Count express through number
the fineness or coarseness of yarn
English
(Ne)
22 * 840 yard

Yarn
Two important
things in
spinning of
yarn
that will later
on affect the
fineness and
strength
of the fabric
20 hanks yarn
20 * 840 yard
In 1 Pound
Count express through number
the fineness or coarseness of yarn
English
(Ne)
22 * 840 yard

Yarn
Yarn in which
number of
discontinuous fibres
are
hold together
generally
by twist is called
staple yarn.
(Also known as spun
yarn)
a. Homogeneous
b. Blended
Filament consists of
very long
thin cylinder
type fibres twisted
together.
Continuous
filament yarns are
the simplest in the
structure
but can be
subjected to many
modifying
process for changing
their properties
a. Monofilament
b. Multifilament
4

Yarn
Sewing thread
End Uses
Weaving Yarn Knitting Yarn
5

Yarn
Sewing thread
End Uses
Weaving Yarn Knitting Yarn
Special Types of twisted plied yarn that
Joints two or more materials
Finishes apply
5

Yarn
Sewing thread
End Uses
Weaving
Yarn
Knitting
Yarn
Weaving Yarn
• Strong, durable and
not stretchy
• More tightly twisted
• Generally use two
ply yarns
Knitting Yarn
• Lofty, soft and
stretchy
• Lower twisted
• One ply (Generally)
5

Fabric
Fabric is a sheet of textile material made from fiber, yarn, filaments or other material
which has substantial surface area in relation to its thickness.

Fabric
Different Conditions of Fabics
01
Grey/Greige
fabric
Directly comes from
a weaving or knitting
factory
03
Dyed
Fabric
Done
scouring, bleaching,
equalizing etc.
02
Undyed Fabric (RFD)
Grey/Greige fabric
Dyed Fabric

Woven
Fabric
1
Fabric
Classification of
I n t e r l a c i n g
o f y a r n
I n t e r l a c e m e n t &
I n t e r t w i s t i n g
t o g e t h e r
I n t e r l o c k i n g
o f Ya r n L o o p s
N e e d l e P u n c h i n g
H e a t p r e s s i n g
A d h e s i v e b o n d i n g
Knitted
Fabric
2
Non
Woven
Fabric
3
Braided
Fabric
4
Fabrics are composed of interlacing at least two
sets of yarns at right angle
Technique of producing fabric by interlocking
series of loops
These techniques tend to produce special
construction whose uses are limited
for special using purpose.
Fabrics are directly produced from fibres in the
form of sheet or web.
Manufacturing
Techniques

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Close View
General View
Weft Yarn (Picks)
Warp Yarn (Ends)
Selvedge
Twill Weave (Denim Structure)
Satin weave (*Silk)
Selvedge
Rest of the fabrics
Cut able width

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Warp Faced Fabric

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Dray Wash
Wet Wash
Whiskering
Destroy
P.P Spray
Acid wash

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Terry Denim Slub Denim Satin Denim

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
The lower the wale number, the thicker
the Wales on corduroy fabric will be
*Cut Pile

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Chambray is a cotton plain-weave fabric made with
a dyed warp yarn and a white filling yarn

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Uncut pile
Knitting/Weaing

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Mélange is a versatile material made of dyed and undyed fibers
weaved together inconsistently
resulting in a unique, eye-catching pattern

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Undyed Fibre Dyed Fibre
Widely Used in Knit Wears.

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Undyed Fibre Dyed Fibre

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Blue Mélange Dark Mélange Blue Mélange Red Mélange

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Blue Mélange Dark Mélange Blue Mélange Red Mélange
Grey Mélange Gradient
Effect T-shirt
Stone Washed
Hoodie
Solid Color
Mélange Effect
Solid Color

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Dobby weaves, requiring a special loom attachment, have small
geometric, textured, frequently repeated woven-in designs

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of
Dobby weaves, requiring a special loom attachment, have small
geometric, textured, frequently repeated woven-in designs

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Woven
Fabric 1
Fabric
Classification of

Fabric
Classification of
Woven
Fabric 1
Khadi weaving machine

Fabric
Classification of
Woven
Fabric 1

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Technique of producing fabric by interlocking
series of loops
Weft Knitting Structure TC (Ceres Bangladesh)

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Technique of producing fabric by interlocking
series of loops
Weft Knitting Structure Warp Knitting Structure
Three Basic Types of Loops

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
Cut & Sew Knit
1
Knit Wears
2
Fully Fashioned Knit

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
Circular bed Knitting Macine
 Light Knit
 Fabric: Knitting Process
 Clothing production: Cut & Sew
 T-Shirt, Polo Shirt, Skirt, Under Gmt.
Cut & Sew Knit
1

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
2
 Heavy Knit
 No fabric Stage
 Yarn to Clothing (Using tech.)
 Sweaters, Pullovers, Cardigans etc.
Fully Fashioned Knit
Flat Bed Knitting Macine Linking Mending

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
Knitting
Process
Weft Knitting
Circular Bed/Single
Jersey
Small Dia Socks, Gloves
Big Dia T-Shirt, Polo Shirt
Flat Bed/Double
Jersey
Hand Driven Sweaters, Trims
Power Driven Rib Collar, Jacquard Knit
Warp Knitting
Tricot
Rachel
Crochet

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Socks Manufacturing
(Fully Fashioned Light Wear)
Boarding Socks
Linking Process

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Flat bed (Stitches-Derivatives)
(Hand/Power Driven)
Garter Stitch honeycomb Stitch Faggot Stitch Rice Stitch Mesh Pattern Stitch
Rib Stitch
Ripple Stitch
Diamond Stitch
Cable Stitch
Butterfly Stitch

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
Textured Stripped Stitch Pointelle Stitch Moss Stitch Basketweave Stitch Seed Stitch
Shaker Stitch
Herringbone Stitch
Jersey Stitch
Crochet Pattern Stitch
Flat bed (Stitches-Derivatives)
(Hand/Power Driven)

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2
Textured Stripped Stitch Basketweave Stitch Seed
Crochet Pattern Stitch
Flat bed (Stitches-Derivatives)
(Hand/Power Driven)

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Circular bed
Single Jersey-Derivatives
It is a type of fang knit fabric that has an
image similar to an
honeycomb
Polo Pique
Lacoste

Fabric
Classification of
Knitted
Fabric 2 Common Warp Knitting
Structure
Crochet Fabric Rachel Fabric Tricot Fabric
Home Textiles / Garments
Ornamentation
Home Textiles / Garments
Ornamentation
Home Textiles / Swim Wear

Fabric
Classification of
Non
Woven
Fabric
3
Fabrics are directly produced from fibres in the
form of sheet or web.

Fabric
Classification of
Non
Woven
Fabric
3 Common uses of Non-Woven Fabric
Isolation gowns
Surgical gowns
Surgical masks
Gloves & Caps
Medical
1 2
 Water, coffee, tea, bags
 Vacuum bags
 Mineral processing
Filters
3
 Shopping bags
 Table cover laminates
 Lean room wipes
Others

Fabric
Classification of
Non
Woven
Fabric
3
Isolation gowns
Surgical gowns
Surgical masks
Gloves & Caps
Medical
1 2
 Water, coffee, tea packs
 Vacuum bags
 Mineral processing
Filters
3
 Shopping bags
 Table cover laminates
 Lean room wipes
Others
Common uses of Non-Woven Fabric

Fabric
Classification of
Non
Woven
Fabric
3
Isolation gowns
Surgical gowns
Surgical masks
Gloves & Caps
Medical
1 2
 Water, coffee, tea packs
 Vacuum bags
 Mineral processing
Filters
3
 Shopping bags
 Table cover laminates
 Lean room wipes
Others
Common uses of Non-Woven Fabric

Fabric
Classification of
Non
Woven
Fabric
3
Isolation gowns
Surgical gowns
Surgical masks
Gloves & Caps
Medical
1 2
 Water, coffee, tea, bags
 Vacuum bags
 Mineral processing
Filters
3
 Shopping bags
 Table cover laminates
 Lean room wipes
Others
Common uses of Non-Woven Fabric

Thank you
A n y Q u e s t i o n ?

References
1. A guide to essential Knowledge on RMG by Md. Monirul Islam (Rajib)
2. https://textilelearner.net/electrical-properties-of-textile-fiber/
3. https://textilestudycenter.com/introduction-to-textiles/
4. https://textilelearner.net/?s=fibre+to+fabric
5. https://www.considerate-consumer.com/textile-fibres
6. https://www.coats.com/en/information-hub/Know-About-Textile-Fibres
7. https://www.commonobjective.co/article/quick-guide-to-different-types-of-textile-fibres
8. https://slideplayer.com/slide/10847412/
9. https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/4738/glass-fibres-project-profitable-textile-
applications
10.https://garmentsmerchandising.com/
11.https://sewingiscool.com/cotton-vs-viscose-difference/
12.https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile/Complex-weaves
13.https://www.slideshare.net/tex_santhanam/classification-of-textiles
14.https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/3142/the-need-for-proper-classification-of-fabric
15.https://www.carnegietextile.com/classification-of-fabrics-and-their-uses/
16.https://ordnur.com/textile-fashion/fabric/classification-of-fabric/
17.https://www.aanyalinen.com/blogs/aanya-blog/types-of-fabrics
18.https://textilelearner.net/denim-fabric-types-and-manufacturing-process/
19.https://textilelearner.net/different-types-of-denim/