Chemical Components of IPM.pptx

Dr. BASAVARAJ KUMBAR
Chemical Components of IPM
Dr. Basavaraj Kumbar
Central Integrated Pest Management Centre,
Ministry of Agriculture and farmers Welfare

Key points of IPM
• Harmonious use of multiple
methods to control single pests or
pest complexes
Integration
• An organism detrimental to humans,
including: invertebrates, vertebrates,
weeds, and pathogens
Pest
• Decisions based on ecological
principles and economic and social
considerations
Management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the coordinated use of pest and environmental
information to design and implement pest control methods that are economically,
environmentally and socially sound.

Four Basic Principles of IPM
1) Thorough understanding of the crop, pest,
and the environment and their
interrelationships
2) Requires advanced planning
3) Balances cost/benefits of all control
practices
4) Requires routine monitoring of crop and
pest conditions

Use of chemicals as pesticides in IPM
Chemical option is the last resort when all other
methods fail to keep the pest population below
economic loss.
It should be need based, judicious based on pest
surveillance to minimize not only the cost
involved, but also to reduce associated problems.
Chemical Pesticide?
Chemical Pesticides are the compounds either
Naturally derived or synthesized Used to kill,
attract, repel or alter the growth of pests.

Pesticides classification on the basis of its toxicity
Pesticide selection in IPM

Pesticides are often grouped as selective (Specific Target) or
non-selective (non Specific Target) .
They can be residual, persistent, or quick to break down.
Pesticide Rotation- A major problem with overuse/regular use of
chemical pesticides is the development of resistant populations.
Careful management of pesticides slows the development of
resistance.
These allows pesticides to remain effective if needed.

While going for chemical control, we must understand thoroughly
What to spray- Selection of the Pesticides based on the
analysis of pest damage/symptoms
When to spray- ETL, P:D, Time of spry- Early morning
or evening, Avoid rainy time, Fruiting/maturity
Where to spray – Soil/plant applied, strips or isolated
patches, whole field how to spray
Relatively safer pesticides should be selected e.g. neem based and bio pesticides.
If pest is present in strips or isolated patches, whole field should not be sprayed.

Chemical
components
used in IPM
Botanicals
Bio-rational
Pesticides
Semiochemicals
(Pheromones)

Botanicals
Globally over 2500 species belonging to 235
families have been reported to have biological activities
against pests (Saxena 1998, Stevenson et al.2017)

Neem in Pest Management

-: Mechanism/Mode of action : -
 Insect attractants
Ex. Natural food lures, Oviposition lures, Poison baits
 Insect repellants - un attractive, impalatable or offensive
Ex. extracts of Neem leaves and fruits (Anti feedants)
 Growth inhibitors
Ex. Chitin synthesis inhibitors, Moulting hormones, Brain hormone etc.

IMPORTANT NEEM BASED INSECTICIDES IN INDIA
Achook Amitol mosquito oil Azatin
Bioneem Econeem* Field marshall
Jeeval Jurken Margosan –O
Margoside CK 20 EC * Margoside OK 80 EC* Moskit
Neem hit Neem oil emulsion Nee mplus
Neem top Neemark Nesmasol
Neemax Neem gold Neem guard
Neem rich(NCL, Pune) Neemol Neemosan
Neempoum Neemta Nethrin
Nimba (IARI) Nimbecidine Nimbasol
Nimlin Phytowin Rakshak*
Replin RD-9 Repellin Sukrina
Swaticure TRIC Vapacide(RRL,Hyderabad)
Wellgro *- Karnataka

Ex. Plants with Pesticidal Properties (Botanical pesticides) and its
active ingredients
Plant Active ingredients
Acorus calamus (S. flag)
बच Bach, घोरबच Ghorbach
Trans-asarone, iso-asarone
Annona sp ( Custanrd apple) Annonacin, annocin, annonidines,
asimicin
Allium sativum ( Garlic) Diallyl sulphide, Dillayl trisulphide
Azadirachta indica (Neem) Limanoids, Azadirachtins
Citrus sinensis (sweetcitrus) Nomilin,harrisonin
Clerodendron Clerodin, myricoside
Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Termerone, dehydro termirone, ᾳ
phellandrene
Glycine max (Soyabean) Glyceolin
Ocimum basillicum (Tulasi) Juvocimene, linalool, eugenol, geraniol,
neral
Parthenium hysterophorus Parthenin

Plant Active ingredients
Zingiber officinale (Zinger) Gingerdione, paradol, gingerol, shogaol
Tagetes minuta
(wild marigold)
E-ociminone
Ricinus communis (Castor) Ricinine
Pongamia pinnata Karanjin
Piper nigrum
(Pepper Plant)
Piperine, pipericide,guinesseine,
retrofractimide, piperlonguminine
Medicago sativa
(Alfalfa or lucern)
Butyric acid, succinic acid, shikimic acid,
xanthophyll, coumarins

Biorational pesticides referred as “third-generation pesticides” are
derived from synthetic or some natural source and impose minimum or
no adversarial threats on the environment or beneficial organisms/
natural enemies (Hara and Shi, 2000) .
The utilization of chemicals that affect insect behaviour, growth
or reproduction for suppression of insect population is often referred
to as Biorational control’.
Bio-rational Pesticides

EXAMPLES Of BIO RATIONAL APPROACHES
• CHEMICALS BASED ON INSECT CUTICLE
• CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
– Diflubenzuron, Novaluron and Dichloro benzyl Urea ( derivative of
herbicide- Dichlobenil)
– Benzyl- phenyl urea compounds ( buprofezin), Pumbagin
• CHITIN DEGRADATION INHIBITORS - Chitinases
• SCLEROTIZATION INHIBITORS- Cryomazine
• CHEMICALS BASED ON ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• JUVENILE HORMONES
– Methoprene, Hydro prene, Kinoprene
• MOULTING HORMONES
– Ecdysone, Makisterone, 20- Hydroxy ecdysone, Methoxy fenoxide
• BRAIN HORMONE
– Nucleopeptide proctolin

New insecticide molecules in IPM for important crops against key pests
Satpathy et al., 2017

Chemical messages that trigger various behavioral responses
in organisms are called semiochemicals.
SEMIOCHEMICALS

Biochemical pesticides includes substances as insect sex pheromone
that interferes with mating that attract insect pest to traps.
The attractants are used in one of four ways
i. Used as a lure in traps in monitoring the pest population
ii. As a lure in traps design to trap out pest population
iii. As a broadcast signal indented to disrupt insect mating.
iv. They are also used as attractants in bait containing insecticides
Semiochemicals/Bio-chemical Pesticides

Sex pheromones isolated and identified in insects
Ex. Gossyplure- Pink bollworm, Pectinopora gossypiella
Cuelure- Melon fly, Bactocera cucurbitae
Litlure- Spodoptera litura
Helilure- H. armigera
Looplure- Cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni
Ferrolure- Coconut redpalm weevil, Rhynchophorus
ferrugineues
Leucilure- Brinjal shoot and fruit borer- Leucinodes arbonalis
Bombycol- Bombyx mori

All pesticides (Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides, Public
health insecticides) must be registered with Insecticides Board &
Registration Committee (CIB & RC), ministry of agriculture under
various sections of Insecticides Act before they can be
imported/manufactured for sale and distribution.
As per Insecticides Act pesticides are defined as those
substances that are listed on the “Schedule” of the Insecticides
Act, 1968.
List of Insecticides in schedule can be obtained from the
official website of CIB&RC.

Major-uses-of-pesticides
http://ppqs.gov.in/divisions/cib-rc/major-uses-of-pesticides

Different types of bio-pesticides with their percentage distribution

Safe use of pesticides
Purchase pesticides/bio-pesticides only from registered pesticide
dealers having valid License.
See Batch No., Registration Number, Date of Manufacture / Expiry
on the labels.
Use protective clothings viz., hand gloves, face masks, cap, apron,
full trouser, etc. to cover whole body.
Never apply over-dose and high concentrations than recommended.
Do not spray on hot sunny day or strong windy conditions.
Do not spray just before rains and immediately after the rains.

 Do not spray against wind direction.
 Containers and buckets used for mixing pesticides should never
be used for domestic purpose even after thorough washing.
 Never enter in the treated field immediate after spray without
bearing protective clothing.
 Empty containers of pesticides should not be re-used for
storing other articles.
 Never eat/smoke before washing clothes and taking bath
Safe use of pesticides

Chemical Components of IPM.pptx

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