Snowwhite Dental Clinic Abuja https://snowwhitedentalclinic.com/

2. “Your mouth dey smell”
HALITOSIS

3.  INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION
 AETIOPATHOGENESIS
 SYMPTOMS
 TREATMENT
 LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES

4.  This is a symptom in which a noticeably
unpleasant odour is present in exhaled
breath. The odour can strike periodically
or be persistent depending on the cause.
Concern for halitosis is estimated to be
the third most frequent reason for people
to seek dental care following tooth decay
and gum disease. This is different from
morning mouth.

5.  We experience this on waking up in the
morning. This is considered normal and
usually are not of health concerns. This
type of bad breath occurs because the
saliva that regularly washes away
decaying food and odours during the
daytime diminishes at night while you
sleep. Bacteria acts on dead cell adhering
to various sites in the mouth producing
foul odour.

6.  Bad breath
 Fete oris
 Fege bosta
 Classification:
 There are different classifications for halitosis,
though none is universally accepted, but we
will concentrate on the two that are most
relevant to this setting.

7.  Type 1 – Oral
 Type 2 – Airway
 Type 3 – Gastroesophageal
 Type 4 – Blood Borne
 Type 5 – Subjective
 Type 0 – physiologic
Our major concern with regards to this discussion
is oral, though reference will be made to others
briefly.

8.  Genuine Halitosis
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
(i) Oral
(ii) Extra oral
Pseudohalithosis
Halitophobia
AETIOPATHOGENESIS

9.  Ninety percent of those that have
genuine halitosis is caused by
bacteria resident in the mouth –
that is bacteria living on the back
of the tongue, below the gumline
and in the pockets created by bad
habits and gum disease between
teeth and gum.

10.  The bad odour is produced as a result
of proteolytic putrefaction of sulphur
containing amino acids in dietary and
salivary proteins by mostly anaerobic
gram negative bacterial species. There
are over 600 types of bacteria found in
average mouth. The odour are
produced mainly due to the
breakdown of proteins into individual

11.  Amino acids followed by further
breakdown of certain amino acids to
produce detectable foul gases, for
instance, the breakdown of cysteine and
methionine produce hydrogen sulphide
and methyl mercaptan respectively and
these are volatile sulphur compounds
with very offensive odour.

12.  Tongue bacteria produce malodorous
compounds and fatty acids, and account
for 80-90% of all cases of mouth related
halitosis. Posterior dorsum of the tongue
serve as habitat for many naturally
occurring bacteria. This part of the
tongue is relatively dry and poorly
cleansed

13.  Gingival crevices are the small grooves
between teeth and gums, and they are
present in health, although they may
become inflamed when gingivitis is present.
The depth of the crevice is less than 3mm
ideally, on extending beyond 3mm it
becomes a pocket which now serves as
reservoir for bacteria producing volatile
sulphur compound. Chronic periodontal
disease contributes to halitosis

14.  Recent Dental Extraction Socket
 Interdental food packing –
 Dentures (poorly cleansed)
 Oral infections
 Oral Ulceration
 Fasting
 Volatile Food Stuff

15.  Alcohol
 Volatile food stuff
 Medication(xerostomia)
 Menstrual cycle
 Smoking

16.  Bad breath odours vary, depending on
the underlying cause. A person may not
always know that he or she has bad
breath. When the olfactory mucosa is
constantly exposed to such offensive
odours from the mouth with time it
becomes accustomed to flow of bad
smells, thereby making it insensitive. At
this stage it’s only recognized by second
party.

17.  Treatment of halitosis depends on the
underlying cause. Good oral hygiene form the
basis for treatment of oral halitosis. Dental
measures for treatment of halitosis include:
 Floss daily
 Brush twice daily (properly and correctly)
 Avoid use of toothpick and other related
materials
 Visit your dentist at least once annually

18.  Sometimes the treatment may involve
scaling and polishing in a dental clinic.
 In some individual reduction in bacterial
load is essential to the management of
the condition

19.  Brush your teeth after meals using fluoride
toothpaste twice daily.
 Floss at least once daily to remove
accumulations in interdental spaces
 Brush your tongue properly to prevent bacteria
from coating your tongue
 Clean your prosthesis. This include dentures,
bridges, Retainer, Mouth guard.
 Avoid dry mouth. Drink plenty of water, Chew
gum (sugarless). Those with chronic cases of

20.  Xerostomia, they can use artificial saliva
or medication that stimulate salivary
flow.
 Adjust your diet, avoid food and
beverages that can cause bad breath.
 Avoid tooth picking. Tooth picking
widens interdental space and create
pockets.

21.  Periodontal disease affects 75% of adults over
35 years of age and is responsible for
approximately 70% of all adult tooth loss. In
addition, research has proven that up to 30% of
the population may be genetically susceptible
to gum disease. Since symptoms of periodontal
disease oftentimes are unnoticeable, people
never realize their mouth is under bacterial
attack until diagnosed by a dentist.