On 2018 the BRT+ CoE hosted the Workshop Innovation in Africa, on Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These are the slides of the main sessions of the event.

1. BRT LESSONS FROM DAR ES SALAAM
Presented at Workshop on BRT Innovation in Africa
29 JUNE 2018
PRESENTED BY ENG. RONALD LWAKATARE, CE DART

2. • One of the fastest growing cities in
the world. Average annual growth
from 2002 to 2012 was 7.7%.
• City’s population is currently nearly
5 million.
• Dar es Salaam metropolitan area
covers a large part of the city with
a total area of 1,391 square
kilometres and a population
density of 3,133 per square
kilometre.
• Economic growth in Dar es
Salaam is estimated at 10% per
annum, above the country
average.
• Average Annual Vehicular
Growth is around 19% per
annum (2002-2015).
Introduction: Dar es Salaam City Profile

3. 3
• Public Transport in Dar es Salaam is
dated back in 1949 with Dar es
Salaam Motor Transport Company
(DMT).
• DMT nationalized and UDA
established in 1967.
• Private sector involved from 1983.
• Urban PT Challenges:
– Poor roads and Insufficient infrastructure
– Air quality and health issues.
– Low capacity buses and no schedule
services
– Congestion
Introduction: The history of Public Transport
in DSM

4. 4
Current PT in DSM

5. 4.MASS TRANSIT OPTIONS
Bus Rapid Transit Light Rail Transit
Underground metro Urban rail
$5-15 M/KM
$80-175 M/KM
$12-25 M/KM
Modernisation of the PT in DSM

6. Public Transport System Visualized
i. Metro System
o High Cost and Operational Challenges
o Too Big to Fail
ii. Improved Bus System
o Low Cost
o No Operational Risk
o Availability of Affordable Technology; and
o Encourages Participation of Locals
Selection of BRT for DSM

7. DART Agency: Established through Government Notice (GN) No. 120 of 25th May,
2007 under the Executive Agencies Act No. 30 of 1997. DART inaugurated on 16th
June 2008.
DART Mandate: To establish and operate a bus rapid transit system in Dar es
Salaam.
DART VISION: To have a modern public transport system at reasonable cost to
users and yet profitable to the operators using high capacity buses which meet
International Standards, environmentally friendly, operating on exclusive lanes, at less
travelling time.
DART MISSION: To provide quality, accessible and affordable mass transport
system for the residents of Dar es Salaam which will subsequently:
− enable poverty reduction,
− improve standard of living,
− lead to sustainable economic growth, and
− act as a pioneer of private and public investment partnership in the transport sector
DART Agency

8. DART Agency - Structure
8

9. BRT Characteristics
CHARACTERISTICSFully dedicated right of way (buses avoid traffic congestion)
Alignment in the center of the road (to avoid typical curb-side delays - turnings,
parking, slow moving vehicles)
Stations with off-board fare collection (to reduce boarding and alighting delay related
to paying the driver)
Station platforms level with the bus floor (to reduce boarding and alighting delay
caused by steps)
Redesigned intersections (to avoid intersection delays)

10. DART Project – Initialisation
• Year 2002 Dar es Salaam City Council initiated an idea of Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT). Supported by United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), Institute of Transport and
Development Policy (ITDP) and the then Prime Minister’s
Office Regional Administration and Local Government.
• Global Environmental Facility (GEF) National Focal Point
endorsed proposal to establish a BRT Project in Dar es Salaam
- Multistakeholder Working Group established.
• DCC endorsed project in April 2003 - Technical team and
Steering Committee established.
• Study tours conducted to cities with BRT around the world.
• Project Management Unit (PMU) established 2004 - World
Bank supported. 10

11. DART System Corridors
• Concept was Visualized in 2002 and 6 Corridors with 140.1 km were
Selected and Construction Proposed in 6 Phases
• Detailed Study was for Phase 1 was carried out in 2007 and
construction works started in 2010 to 2015.
• Detailed design for Phases 2 and 3 was completed in 2015.
• Phase 4 increased from 16.1 (Tanki bovu) to 25.9 km (Tegeta)

12. DART System Development - Phase-1
 Length of 20.9 km; dedicated
concrete road
 Infarstructures: 1 Depot, 27 BRT
Stations (4 Categories), 5
Terminals, 7 Feeder Stations and
connects 11 feeder Routes to
Main Corridors
 Station Spacing 500-600m with
dedicated pathways for
Pedestrians & NMV Users
 The cost of the Phase 1
infrastructure is about USD 170
million.
 The contract works – 7 Packages.
 Period of implementation –
between 2010 – 2016.

13. MoF & MoWCT PO-RALG
DCC
ISP (UDA-RT)
TANROADS
FUNDS MANAGER
(NMB)
SUMATRA
DART KEY IMPLEMENTING ACTORS
PUBLICSECTORPRIVATESECTOR
EGA
TR

14. DART AGENCY
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
No. of Buses
Length Daily
passengers
Articulated 18m Feeder
12m
Total buses
Phase 1 20.9 400,000 177 128 305
Phase 2 20.3 495,000 102 111 213
Phase 3 23.6 395,000 123 94 217
Phase 4 25.9 168,000 80 60 140
Phase 5 22.8 Design not done
Phase 6 27.6
TOTAL 141.1 1,458,000 875
DAILY PASSENGERS & NUMBER OF BUSES
Note: Figures for new projects ie. Phases 2-6 to be reviewed and updated.
Projections

15. Modern Transport System
DART AGENCY
Infrastructure (Public)
Corridor (roadways, bicycle
and pedestrian paths)
Stations/Terminals
Depot
Pedestrian bridges
Control room
Fare Collection (Private)
Fare collection system
Equipment (Turnstiles,
Ticket Office Machines)
Smart Cards, mobile top ups
Bar coded paper tickets
Bus Operations (Private)
Buses, articulated 18m,
standard 12m, hybrid 12m
Bus Operations
Cleaner fuel, Euro III
standard
Intelligent Transportation
System
DART System Phase 1- Implementation Arrangement

16. Interim Services (for 2 Years)
• Delay in Procurement Process for SP – UDART; Utilize
the already Constructed Corridor; Test the System; and
Relief to Congested Corridor
• Interim Services become Operational on 10 May, 2016
covering 20.9km Trunk Routes and One Feeder Route
with 115 Trunk and 25 feeder Buses
• Average Daily Ridership, working Days, touched
200,000+
• Ticketing through AFCS
• Fund Manager: NMB ; Fare Collector: UDART(Maxcom)
DART System Phase 1 - Operations

17. With Full Operation Services:
 305 buses: - 177 Articulated (18M) and 128
Feeder (12M) Buses
 Estimated Peak Hour Load 18,000 Passengers
 Estimated Daily Ridership 450,000-500,000
per day
 Expected Annual Ridership 130 Millions
17
DART System Phase 1 - Operations

18. DART AGENCY
DART Buses - Technology
• DART Buses: General
Specification – Trunk (18 m)
and Feeder (12m)
 Emission Class Euro III
technology
 Real mountable engine
 Propulsion Fuel – diesel
 Automatic gearbox-
hydraulic retarder
 Total pneumatic suspension
 Pneumatic brake system
 Fuel reserve of 300ltres
 Minimum power of 260HP
• DART Buses Future
Technology
 Use of Gas
 Euro IV – VI technology

19. DART Technologies - ITS
One Single Software Platform
RTPI
AFCS
ITCS
ITS -Systems Capability
Real Time Visibility
and Tracking of
buses
1. automatic vehicle
location
2.Various view, selection
and search options
3. Monitoring of the
performed services
(status, deviations, etc.)
Daily Planning
1.Route Planning
2.Bus Scheduling
Operations
Optimization as and
when required

20. DART Technologies - ITCS
Operation and control centre:
• Real time visibility and tracking of buses.
• Daily Planning and bus scheduling.
• Operations optimization.

21. Ubungo
Gerezani
Morocco
Kivukoni Kimara Kimara
Flat Fare
Adult TShs 650
Student TShs 200
Trunk Service
Feeder Service
Flat Fare
Adult TShs 400
Student TShs 200
AFCS
Automatic Fare collection, clearing and settlement system
Integrated Fare : Adult TShs 800 and Student TShs 200
Current Products
Future Products
1. Intermodal Services i.e Use of one card for BRT and
Ferries
Ticketing Solution for Buses
 Barcode Tickets
 Contactless Cards
DART System - Pre-boarding Ticketing

22. DART AGENCY
Overwhelming public response
Savings in time & money-
2-3 hours down to 45 min.
More
comfortable and
larger
Environmentally friendly
engines – Euro III
Modern technology (ITS/AFCS)
Electronic Smart cards, Optic fibre
1,000+ employed
Business
opportunities -
parking
Consideration for
Disabled, pregnant
women, elderly
Students travel
comfortably
Attracts Financiers-
WB, AfDB, AFD
(France)
Security - Police
ACHIEVEMENTS
Impact evaluation –
improved mobility
& satisfaction

23. DART AGENCY
Invasion of infrastructure
-vehicles, motorcycles
-petty traders
Inadequate skills on
modern technologies
(ITS/AFCS
Accidents
New to Tanzania:
Peak hour congestion
Scheduling of buses
- delays
Delays due to traffic
Intersections
e.g. Ubungo
Resettlements -
daladalas
High expections-
Pilot vs. Full service
Delays during construction
Procurement (PPP) of Service Providers
CHALLENGES

24. 24
Flooding at Jangwani
Accidents
Brt Invadors
Birth a station
Ubungo bus terminal
>200 buses 6-6.30 am

25. Procurement of
Service Providers
commence early
Public
Awareness:
- call centre
Build capacity
continuous training
Resettlements
be addressed
early – dala dala
Adjacent roads
& Feeder roads
be in good
condition
Have legislation
for BRT
Establish control
room
Maintain
cooperation
Increase
Revenue sources
-Transit Oriented Development
Provide Park &
Ride facilities
early
Use structure
that ensures
good quality of
service
Next phases
learn from
shortcomings of
pilot Ph I
LESSONS LEARNT

26. Demand Management Strategies
2
6
ResourceRequirement
With the distribution of traffic, the deployment of resources will be rationalized
at the operator level, compared to resource deployment as per peak hour
demand.
Time
Peak Hour Demand
Distributed Demand
Rationalize and Optimize Resources

27. Demand Management
Strategies
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Transport Share - Developing Cities
Bus Walk/Cycle Metro Car
Source: Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide, gTZ
High Bus Use and Walkable City > Less Congestion

28. DART AGENCY
Integrate all modes of Transport
in Dar es Salaam:
-establish an institution.
-Master Plan (JICA) shows need
for Metros from 2025/2030.
Have one smart card/system for
all modes- BRT, Ferry, Rail.
• Convenient for passengers
• Saves resources from having
several payment systems.
• Difficult to merge different
systems later
To provide full service for
Phase I
• Procurement of 2nd Operator
on going.
• Current operator to continue
subject to performance. Implementation of next phases 2 to 6
continuing
• Consultants finalising design review for Phase 2.
Adverts on 12 Feb 2018 (buildings), 03 May 2018 (road
works).
• Procurement of Consultants for design & supervision
of phases 3 (review) & 4 ongoing. Design of Phases 5 &
6 also to be done.
• Procurement of Transaction Advisors, Service
providers to commence before completion of
construction.
• Expect traffic disruptions during construction.
• Dart building with state of art
control room.
• More involvement of dala dala
operators.
• Evaluate Impacts – Baseline
before operations started.
NEXT STEPS
Institutional review of DART Agency

29. 29
Stakeholders engagement
Public education

30. 30
Accessibility for all

31. 31
Enhanced Safety – Pedestrian

32. 32
Convenient to users

33. 33
Reliable

34. DART AGENCY
UNPAID AREA
PAID AREA

35.  DART Phase 1 interim operations are
continuing and winning the global
Sustainability Transport Award has been
great for Tanzania considering the efforts
put into this project.
 Good coordination amongst key
stakeholders is crucial for success of the
project.
 Cooperation with Development Partners
such as the World Bank, African
Development Bank and others is well
appreciated.
 Hopefully, public transport in Dar es
Salaam will be further improved to all
modes and be convenient to the majority
of all classes of the public and thus
reduce considerably use of private cars -
be No.1 choice of means of transport.
35
CONCLUSION

36. Thank You