This document summarizes a conference on diabetes management and complications. It discusses the initial shock of a diabetes diagnosis and stages of acceptance. Proper management requires controlling blood sugar, lifestyle balance, and potential medication. Complications can impact organs like the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys if blood sugar is not well controlled. The document provides tips on monitoring ABCs (A1C, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol), diet, activity, and medical team support to help prevent complications.
2. Plan for today
Now what?
Diabetes management
Diabetes complications?
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
3. NOW WHAT?
Shock
Denial
Relief
Fear
Acceptance
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
4. Acceptance?
Management
Control blood sugar
Know your blood sugar (test / finger pokes)
Lifestyle balance
Medicine if necessary
Avoid complications
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
5. Know your ABC & D’s
A is for A1C!
< or = 7.0%
B is for blood
D is for diet! pressure
Balance
5% weight loss < 130/80
C is for cholesterol
LDL < or = 2.0
HDL > 1.3 for women, > 1.0 for
men
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
6. You need a TEAM
Family
Nurse and
Pharmacist YOU dietitian
Doctor
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
7. You need to fight High Blood Sugar
Too much food Stress
Not enough activity
Illness
Too little insulin/medication
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
8. You need to avoid LOW Blood Sugar
Too LITTLE food Stress
TOO MUCH activity
Illness
Too MUCH insulin/medication
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
9. What is Type 2 Diabetes?
How can it be managed?
Leaky Liver Pooped out Cell Resistance
The liver leaks
Lifestyle Pancreas
Lifestyle The cells don’t
Lifestyle
too much The pancreas is not allow insulin to
sugar.mainly
Pills, Blood making enough
Pills, diabeta, bring the sugars
Pills, mainly
sugars rise
metformin diamicron, the
insulin. Or into the cell.
metformin
insulin is too tired
gluconorm, januvia Blood sugars rise.
and not able to
Insulin, the work properly.
Insulin, the Insulin, the
needle needle sugars rise.
Blood needle
Acknowledgement Aboriginal Diabetes Wellness Program
10. Plan for today
Now what?
Diabetes management
Diabetes complications?
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
11. AVOID Complications
High blood sugar can
damage the Blood
Vessels & Nerves
This damage can cause
problems in many parts of
the body: heart, brain,
kidneys, eyes, sex
organs, legs and feet
Blood Vessels Nerves
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
12. Diabetes & Blood Vessel
Disease
High Blood Sugar can break down the blood vessel walls
Plaque build up
decreasing
circulation
Blood clot Build up of
blocking plaque,
circulation cholesterol,
fat
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
14. Diabetes & High Blood
Pressure
Top number = when the heart Blood Pressure is the measure of
pumps blood into the vessels force on the artery walls
Should be lower than 130
Bottom number = when the
heart is at rest
Should be lower than 80
IDEALLY: less than 130/80
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
15. Diabetes & Heart Disease
Angina / chest pain - partial
blockage to the arteries in heart
Heart Attack / chest pain - total
blockage to arteries in heart
Peripheral Blood Vessel
Damage - blockage to the small
blood vessels in the legs and
arms
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
16. Diabetes & Heart Attack
Signs of Heart Attack
•Shortness of breath
•Cold sweat
•Nausea
•Light-headedness
•Sensation of pressure,
fullness, or pain.
•Pain or discomfort in
one or both arms, the
back, neck, jaw, or
stomach.
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
17. Diabetes and Stroke
Stroke: Blocked blood flow to
the brain Stroke
Signs of Stroke
Weakened/diseased
Weakness: Sudden loss or sudden numbness
blood vessels ruptured
in the face, arm or leg, even temporary.
Trouble speaking: Sudden difficulty speaking or
understanding or sudden confusion, even
temporary.
Vision problems: Sudden trouble with vision,
even temporary.
Headache: Sudden severe and unusual
headache. Blood leaks into brain
Dizziness: Sudden loss of balance, especially
with any of the above signs.
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
18. Diabetes Heart Disease and Stroke
Prevention
Staying Active and Eating Healthy
Balanced meals with regular exercise
Blood Pressure monitoring
Below 130/80
Blood Work
Cholesterol Levels
Blood fats: LDL, HDL, triglyceride & total cholesterol
LDL cholesterol can clog the artery walls but can be treated if caught early
A1c:
Measures average blood sugar levels over 3 months
It should be measured 4 times a year
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
19. Diabetes Heart Disease and
Stroke Prevention
A is for A1C!
< or = 7.0%
B is for blood
D is for diet! pressure
Balance
5% weight loss < 130/80
C is for cholesterol
LDL < or = 2.0
HDL > 1.3 for women, > 1.0 for
men
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
21. Diabetes and Nerve Damage
Nerves transmit information
to and from the brain to all parts
of the body
Nerves provide sensation
such as pain, pressure, hot and
cold.
Nerves regulate our organs
and sweat glands
High blood sugars can
damage nerves interrupting the
flow of information to and from
the brain
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
22. Diabetes and
Nerve Damage
Nerve Damage can:
Disrupt the sensation of pain and
pressure causing numbness
Mix up our feelings of hot/cold
Affect nerves that control the heart,
regulates blood pressure & controls
blood sugar levels
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
25. Diabetes and
Nerve Damage Prevention
Foot Exam:
•Remove your shoes & socks for a foot
check at each appointment with your
healthcare provider
•Check your feet daily to prevent problems
Monofilament:
Testing for
sensation
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
27. Diabetes and
Nerve Damage Prevention
A is for A1C!
< or = 7.0%
B is for blood
D is for diet! pressure
Balance
5% weight loss < 130/80
C is for cholesterol
LDL < or = 2.0
HDL > 1.3 for women, > 1.0 for
men
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
29. Diabetes and Kidney Damage
Your kidneys are filters that clean your blood
High blood sugars can cause damage to the blood
vessels that supply the kidneys
If they are damaged, waste and fluids build up in your
blood instead of leaving your body
Protein can leak out into the urine
High blood pressure & smoking also contribute
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
30. Diabetes Kidney Disease
Prevention
Urine Test: Yearly
Microalbumin:
Microalbumin measures
small amounts of protein in
the urine
If you catch the problems
early, they can be treated
Goal < 2.0
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
31. Diabetes and Kidney Damage
Treatments
Treatments: Medication
Blood Pressure medications helps reduce
damage to the kidneys
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
32. Diabetes and Kidney Disease
management and treatment
A is for A1C!
< or = 7.0%
B is for blood
D is for diet! pressure
Balance
5% weight loss < 130/80
C is for cholesterol
LDL < or = 2.0
HDL > 1.3 for women, > 1.0 for
men
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
33. Diabetes and Kidney Damage
Treatment
Treatments: Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis Hemodialysis
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
34. Diabetes and Kidney Damage
Treatment
Treatments: Transplant
The transplanted kidney takes over
the work of the failed kidneys and
you no longer need dialysis.
Kidneys can come from live donors
(family) or
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
35. Management of
Complications
Honoring our 4 Bodies: Mind,
Body, Spirit, Emotion
Healthy Eating, Active Living
Control blood sugar levels
Control blood pressure
(check BP with every visit)
Weight loss
Regular Dr’s visits for blood
and urine tests and foot
examinations
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
36. What is needed for health?
Access to
quality
health care
Self: genetics,
health beliefs, self
esteem, resources
Family and friends
Community leadership
Social determinants of health
Maskwacis Health Diabetes Conference, 2012
Toth 2010