Critical analysis

1. INDUS
WATER
TREATY(IW
T)
Critical Analysis
Presented by:
Aziz Rasheed

2. INTRODUCTION
• ‘Water’ a blessing of Allah
• Water is Life
• ‘’Thousand have lived without Love, not one without
water’’ By Wh Auden(English Poet).
• 3 parts of the Earth is water
• International Disputes Due to water

3. History
• 1st April 1948, Punjab partition
• After independence, problems arose between Pakistan
and India because of Water distribution
• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works given to India
• Rivers flow into Pakistan territory from across India
• India stopped the rivers Ravi and Sutlej

4. Effects on Pakistan
• Badly effected on Pakistan’s agriculture
• Rainfall undependable
• Pakistan purchased water from India
• Effected on Power generation
• Effected on Economy

5. Role of World Bank
• Pakistan and India applied for loan
• Loan refused to both countries
• WB would give loan if three conditions met;
• 1 : Indus basin had enough water for both countries
• 2 : All the rivers would be discussed
• 3 : Past grievances put aside

7. Cont.
• World Bank Plan
• Divide Indus Basin into 2 parts
• Pakistan – 3 Western Rivers i.e Chenab, Jhelum
and The Indus
• India – 3 Eastern Rivers i.e Sutlej, Beas and
Ravi

8. Cont.
• Pakistan refused to Sign until 1958
• Signed on Treaty in 1960
• Pakistan signed on Treaty because of the fear,
that since the source rivers of the Indus Basin
were in India
• Fear of droughts and famines during war

9. INDUS WATER TREATY(IWT)
• Between Pakistan and India
• Treaty Signed at Karachi(Pakistan)
• 19 Sep, 1960
• Brokered By World Bank(Then ‘International Bank For
Reconstruction And Development’)
• Pakistan President Ayub Khan
• Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru

10. Features Of The Treaty
1 : Three major Eastern Rivers Sutlej, Beas and Ravi
Were given to India
2 : Three major Western Rivers Chenab, Jhelum and
The Indus were given to Pakistan
3 : Canal and Reservoir construction financed
through Bank

11. Cont.
4 : Commission to resolve Future Disputes
5 : Treaty guaranteed 10 years of uninterrupted
water Supply
6 : Treaty allowed India To Use the Western
Rivers for Power Generation

12. Cont.
7 : Incase of new project, either party must notify
the other
8 : Incases of Disagreement, a neutral expert is
called in for mediation

13. Conclusion
• Pakistan and India controversies over water
ended
• Pakistan signed IWT under stress
• Pakistan got free from droughts fear
• Undisturbed flow from western rivers is must for
survival of Pakistan

14. Critical Analysis
• It is said that Pakistan sell their three important rivers
sell to India under this treaty
• Pakistani Dictatorship Vs Indian Democracy
• The Treaty allowed India to use Western Rivers for
Power generation
• Flood comes, due to the IWT
• Three Rivers i.e Ravi, Sutlej and Beas dried

15. THANKS