usms bhit shah

2. DESIGN BY:
ZEBA
NIMRA
SABA

3. SUBMIT TO
SIR NAEEM BALOCH
UNIVERSITY OF
SUFISM AND MODERN SCIENCE
BHIT SHAH

4. CONTENT
• Introduction of argument.
• Stander of argument.
• Conclusion.
• Premise.
• Identification of conclusion and premise.
• Types of good argument.
• Inductive argument.
• Deductive argument.

5. An argument is the fundamental tool of the
critical thinker.
In every day life argument is one of the main
ways we exchange ideas with one and other.
Argument determine what to think and do.

6. It is a group or set of statement when you
made a claim and then support the claim with
reason you are making an argument.
• Claim
The claim is an statement that you are asking
the others to accept as true.
The claim can include information and ideas
you are asking others to accept.
In an argument the if is one conclusion and
others are premise.

7.  In standered form of argument the premises
are given number and conclusion in last
having line between conclusion and premise
and write the conclusion beneath last
premise.
 like 1 calculus ii will not be harder than
calculus i.
2 he did well calculus i he should do
well in calculus ii.

8. In an argument there is1 conclusion
supported by 1 or more than 1 premise.
What is conclusion?
It is the primary claim which we are tying to
get others to accept.
 for example
Littering is harmful.
It is a primary claim.

9. A reason for this conclusion will called
premise.
Premise is the supporting claim which gives the
reason for accepting the conclusion.
• A claim littering is harmful now some
premises for this conclusion might be these:
• Littering is dangerous to animal.
• Littering is dangerous to humans.
Thus these premises shows that the conclusion
is true.

10. A good argument is an argument that is either
valid 0r strong, and with plausible premises
that or true, do not beg the question, and are
relevant to the conclusion.

11. 1. Inductive argument
2. Deductive argument
Inductive argument:
The argument whose conclusion is supposed to follow from
it premises with high level of probability.
It allow conclusion to be false.
EXAMPLE
• Milk is a grandfather.
• Milk wear glasses.
• Therefore all grandfather wear glasses.

12. Deductive argument
An argument whose conclusion is suppose to
follow from its premise with absolute
certainty
This type of argument the truth of
conclusion.
Like
• All men are mortal.
• Socrates is a man.
• Therefore socral is mortal.

13. We can think argument is way to gather
information is not always given in the form
of arguments.
Sometimes people assert their believe
without giving reasons but it is not
argument.
Things might look like argument but are
not lets look at those.

14.  An explanation is statement or collection of
statements asserting why or how something
is the case.
 In explanation statement are not presented as
reasons. they are not presented as premises.
in explanation statements are trying to make
you understand something.

15. Reports are not arguments because the
author speak intends the audience to accept
their claims based only on the reporters
testimony.
Reports usually convey what is the case and
give more factual information. a report is 40
centigrade and partly cloudy.
We have to take reporters word for it.

16.  Some time people express an argument
hypothetically and that is not the same as
making argument.
 Like
 If we have chemistry class every two weeks
then we do not have one this week.
 If word shows that statement is non
committed. an argument has to be
committed.
.

17. • https://vwcceng111.pressbooks.com/chapter
/-3-argument/
• https://WWW.worldsupporter.org/en/chapter
/66105-introducing-arguments-summary-
chapter-1-critical-thinking-concise-guide-
bowell-kemp
• https://bookdown.org/rlridenour/ct-
text/cha-arguments. html
THANKYOU