This document discusses language choice and code switching in multilingual communities. It defines code switching as alternating between two or more languages in discourse, with one language typically dominant. Code mixing occurs when speakers use two languages below the clause level. The codes chosen convey how the speaker wishes to be viewed by others. Diglossia refers to using distinct language varieties for different social functions, with the "high" variety not used in everyday conversation. Code switching is intentional based on factors like topic or audience, while code mixing has no specific purpose and inserts words from another language.

1. LANGUAGE CHOICE IN
MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITIES
By
First Group

2. LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL
COMMUNITIES
In multilingual communities, more than one language
is used. It means that people living in this situation
may speak more than one language. When
interacting with others, they can choose a code or a
variety which is appropriate with participants, topic
and location. According Holmes, the linguistic forms
chosen by a speaker is influenced by social context
in which he is talking. It matters who he is talking to
(participants), where he is talking (setting), what he
is talking about (topic), and why he is talking
(function of interaction). As a result, the same
message may be expressed differently to different
people.

3. CODE CHOICES
 CODE SWITCHING
 The term code switching (or code-switching)
refers to the alternation between two or more
languages, dialects, or language registers in the
course of discourse between people who have
more than one language in common. Typically one
of the two languages is dominant; the major
language is often called the matrix language, while
the minor language is the embedded language.

4.  CODE MIXING
 Code mixing also called intra-sentential code
switching or intra-sentential code-alternation occurs
when speakers use two or more languages below
clause level within one social situation.

5.  The code we choose to use on a particular occasion is
likely to indicate how we wish to be viewed by others. If we
can comfortably control a number of codes, then we would
seem to have an advantage over those who lack such control.
Speaking several of the languages can obviously be distinctly
advantageous in a multilingual gathering. Code-switching may
be a very useful social skill. The converse of this, of course is
that we will be judged by the code we choose to employ on a
particular occasion.
 Some form of mixed code,
 1. insertion of the word, for example, “Ok. Kalian ujian
minggu depan.”
 2. Insertion of phrase, for example, “ Ini namanya reading
skill.
 3. insertion of word repetition, for example, “ada banyak
souvenir-souvenir dari Cina”
 4. insertion of idioms, for example, “makanya jadi orang itu
don’t judge book by the cover”
 5. insertion shape baster (native and foreign joint
formation). for example, “saya menunggu transferan uang
dari orang tua saya.”

6. DIGLOSSIA
Diglossia: In a bilingual community, in which two languages or
dialects are used differently according to different social
situations. Janet Holmes defines diglossia as having three
crucial features:
1. In the same language, used in the same community, there
are two distinct varieties. One is regarded as high (H) and the
other low (L).
2. Each is used for distinct functions.
3. No one uses the high (H) in everyday conversation.
In the following example it is easy to tell which variety you will
use given the social situations:
• Telling a joke
• Interviewing for a job
• Giving a speech for a charity event
• Giving a speech for a friend for his/her birthday
• Church
• Cafeteria

7. CODE - SWITCHING AND CODE – MIXING
 Living in a bilingual (or multilingual) community
forces people to be able to speak in at least two
different languages. I will take Javanese as a case
in point. Javanese people can speak Javanese,
their mother tongue, and Indonesian as their
secondary or national language at a minimum. It is
possible to find them speaking foreign languages
too. As people have to speak different languages
(or follow different speech levels; i.e. ngoko or
krama in Javanese language) for different reasons,
the so-called linguistic phenomena of code
switching (you call it "alih kode" in Indonesian) and
code mixing (campur kode) will inevitably occur.

8.  Most speakers command several varieties of any
language they speak. People are usually required
to select a particular code whenever they choose to
speak, and they may also decide to switch from one
code to another or to mix codes.

9. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING
 · The difference between code switching and code
mixing. When you change language intentionally
and you do it because of specific purposes (e.g. the
presence of third person that does not share the
same language, or the change of topic or situation),
in other word the switch is functional, that means
you code-switch. When you insert a piece of word
other than that of your language, and you have no
specific purpose or intention when doing that, that
means you code-mix.