3. Outlines
• About China
• What does China’s Political System refer?
• Constitutions
• China’s Preeminent Political Institutions
The Chinese Communist Party
The state government
The National People’s Congress
The People’s Liberation Army
• The Chinese People's Political Consultative
Committee
• Conclusion
4. About China…
• Officially known as People’s Republic of
China (PRC).
• Largest country in East Asia and most
populated country in the world.
• Nation of growing economic and political
importance in global affairs.
• A socialist state and ruled by the
Communist Party under a single-party
system.
5. • Since the victory of Mao Ze-dong’s communist
forces in 1949, the Chinese mainland has been
a communist state ruled by the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP).
• Although other minor political parties exist,
they are authorized by the CCP, operate under
its leadership and are effectively powerless.
6. What does China’s Political
System refer?
The political System of China refers to the
political structure;
fundamental laws;
rules and regulation; and
practices
that are implemented in Mainland China, and
which control the state power, government,
and the relationships between the state and
society.
7. Constitutions
• A constitution is the system of rules about
how a country is governed.
The Constitution of the People's
Republic of China is a changing
document.
The first Constitution was declared in
1954.
The current constitution was adopted on
December 4, 1982 by the 5th National
People's Congress.
8. China’s Preeminent Political
Institutions
• The main political structure of the PRC is comprised
of four institutions:
1.The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by the
Party Politburo and its Standing Committee;
2.The state government (State or Government),
headed by the Premier who leads over the State
Council.
3.The National People’s Congress (NPC), the highest
organ of state power.
4. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
9. 1.The Chinese Communist Party
• Formally established in Shanghai on July 20,
1921.
• The CCP operated based upon the principle of
“democratic centralism.”
• It has created a hierarchal political dynamic
where senior Party officials expect disciplined
agreement from junior officials.
• But junior officials are allowed to comment on
policy proposals before decisions have been
made.
10. • The Party’s most powerful policy and decision-
making entity is the Politburo and its Standing
Committee.
• The most important body in this structure of
congresses is the National Party Congress.
• Lower party organizations are subordinate to
higher organizations.
• But the members of higher party congresses
are selected by lower party committees.
11. • The Role of the CPC-
CPC plays the role as the core of leadership
among all other organizations at the
corresponding levels.
The CPC controls the entire political system.
The CPC controls the government, the
courts and the army.
The President is not competitively elected,
he is selected by CPC.
12. The Politburo
• Generally refers to the Political Bureau of
China.
• The official head of the Politburo is the
Party’s General Secretary.
• It is the chief political decision-making body
and every significant decision that is
affected China's population, is first discussed
and approved by Politburo.
13. • The Politburo controls three important
bodies-
The Military Affairs Commission - controls the
armed forces.
The National People's Congress – Parliament.
The State Council –the government's
administrative arm which ensures the party
line is upheld.
14. The Secretariat
• Another important political institution for the
Chinese Communist Party is its Secretariat.
• Officially listed under the Politburo, the
Secretariat is described in China’s constitution
as an administrative rather than a decision-
making body.
• Its role is to oversee the daily operation of the
Party and implement the decisions made by
the Politburo and its Standing Committee.
15. Party Discipline
• Every Party member, irrespective of position,
must be organized into a branch, or other
specific unit of the Party to participate in the
regular activities of the Party organization.
• Successful and efficient party officials are
frequently given more prestigious jobs in
preferred locations.
16. 2.The Chinese Government
The second major institution of the Chinese political
structure is the Chinese government. It is divided
into two parts
– a system of ministerial organizations and
– a system of geographic organizations.
• China’s ministerial system is generally organized
by the Ministry of Communications, Ministry of
Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and
the Ministry of Public Health.
• The other arm of the Chinese government
consists of the layers of provincial, municipal,
county, township, and village governments.
17. The State Council
• Under China’s constitution, the highest
government administrative body is the State
Council.
• The current State Council is composed of its
Premier, Vice Premiers, and State Councilors.
• The official head of the State Council is the
Premier.
• Each Vice Premier and State Councilor oversees
different aspects of the administration of the
Government.
18. The Ministries
• China’s government include not only the State
Council, but also China’s government ministries.
• Despite their effective subordination to the State
Council and CCP, the ministries wield decisive
tactical influence over policy.
• Ministries are often divided according to areas of
responsibility.
• Government ministries often function like
independent operators.
• China’s ministries and their sub-offices are often
very protective of the perceived interests and
goals of the ministry.
19. 3.National People’s Congress
• The National People’s Congress (NPC) is the
organizational form for the state power in
China and its fundamental political system.
• According to the constitution, “The ultimate
power of the Chinese government.”
• It holds the highest authority in state power,
while local people's congresses are the local
authorities.
20. • The full NPC officially selects the PRC’s
President, Premier, and cabinet-level
officials.
• Allowing the PRC government to state that
these officials have been selected through
“elections” by representatives of the
Chinese people.
21. • Some of the functions and powers of the NPC:
Examine and approve the state budget.
Examine and approve the plan for national
economic and social development.
Modify the constitution.
Appoint and remove top officials of the
Government of the PRC.
22. 4.The People’s Liberation Army
• The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is
the armed forces of the Communist Party of
China (CPC) and the People's Republic of China.
• The PLA is under the command of the Central
Military Commission (CMC) of the CPC.
• According to some analysts, the People’s
Liberation Army (PLA) is as crucial to Chinese
politics as the Party and the Government.
23. • The PLA is divided into five main service
branches-
air forces;
ground forces;
naval forces;
the reserve forces; and
the second artillery command (responsible for
nuclear and missile weaponry).
24. • The missions of the PLA as-
To integrate the ruling status of the
Communist Party
To ensure China's sovereignty, territorial
integrity, and domestic security to continue
national development
To protect China's national interests
To help maintain world peace
25. The Chinese People's Political
Consultative Committee
• The CPPCC is a Chinese people’s patriotic
united front organization which carries out the
principle of “great unity, great solidarity and
embracing all representative figures”.
• It is an institution of multi-party cooperation
and political consultation led by the CPC.
26. • The main functions of the CPPCC are-
political consultation
democratic supervision and
participation in the deliberation and
administration of state affairs.
27. Conclusion
• The Chinese government is one of the most
important actors in international affairs today.
• To thoroughly understand how the People’s
Republic of China has grown in power requires
a careful analysis of its political system.
• The People's Congress System is China's
fundamental political system, which consists
of National People's Congress and People's
Congresses at local levels.
28. • The NPCs main functions and powers are
legislating and modifying laws, reviewing and
approving the government budget and also
electing and removing officials.
• However, the NPC is the highest organ of state
power and its deputies are far more than the
U.S. congressmen.
• Being the top power, the NPC also has right to
elect and remove the top leaders of the
Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme
People's Procuratorate.
