February 2014 I attended the Winter Cycling Congress in Winnipeg, Canada. Together with my colleague Quentin Dumont-Freixo I gathered data about cycling in winter in the Netherlands and conducted a survey amongst 303 Dutch respondents, asking about their use of the bicycle in winter and their opinions on topics like lighting, special tyres and clothes in winter.

1. Winter
Cycling
in
the
Netherlands.
Angela
van
der
Kloof
&
Quen;n
Dumont-­‐Freixo
www.kaartje2go.nl

2. Riding
bikes
in
winter
in
NL
hAp://m.youtube.com/
watch?v=2rETLfzQrIw

3. Our
biggest
challenges
are
1. Slippery
roads
2. Darkness
3. Cold
/
windchill
/
humidity
4. Snow

4. Bicycle
use
in
wintermonths
• Bicycle
use
per
month,
compared
to
other
modes
• Number
of
bikes
counted
per
month
on
18
loca;ons
(Province
of
Friesland)
• Accidents
involving
cyclists
(City
of
Breda)
• Monthly
varia;on
of
bicycle
parking
demand,
City
of
‘s
Hertogenbosch

5. Modal
split
per
month
for
bicycles,
compared
to
other
modes
!"#
$"#
%"#
&""#
&&"#
&'"#
&("#
)*++,-# ./00# 1234,-# )5-236#
!"#$%&'()*$&+,,-&
./$01&23&14$&*$)*2"*&2"&52#)6&*7681&
7/-#
8*902:#4-/3;24#
<2=,#
>?5,@#
1/0=236#
A4B,-#

6. Bikes
counted
per
month
on
18
loca@ons
in
Friesland
!"#$
!%#$
!&#$
!'#$
!"#$%&'(&)%#$*)&+)+*,-.-&'/%$&."%&-%#-'0-&
()*+,-$ ./-)*0$ .122,-$ 3455$

7. Bikes
counted
per
month
on
18
loca@ons
Loca@ons
in
Leeuwarden
Monthly
share
of
cyclists
counted
over
a
year
0,0%
2,0%
4,0%
6,0%
8,0%
10,0%
12,0%
14,0%
16,0%
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Share
of
yearly
cyclists
over
the
months
Counter
1
Counter
2
Counter
3
Average

8. Accidents
involving
cyclists
in
the
City
of
Breda
total
of
2001
-­‐
2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Reported
accidents
Fatali;es
Hospitaliza;ons
Light
injuries
Material
damage

9. Monthly
varia@on
of
bicycle
parking
demand,
City
of
‘s
Hertogenbosch
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Number
of
bicycles
parked
Wolvenhoek
2012
Wolvenhoek
2013
Kerkstraat
2012
Kerkstraat
2013
Loeffplein
2012
Loeffplein
2013

10. Winter
Cycling
Measures
by
ci@es
and
regions
(1)

11. Winter
Cycling
Measures
by
ci@es
and
regions
(2)
ZUIDOOST
BINNENSTAD
GRAAFSEPOORT
MUNTEL/VLIERT
ROSMALEN ZUID
POELDONKWEG
PETTELAAR
SEW
EG
DEEENHOORN
RIJNSTRAAT
GESTELSEWEG
N65 TILBURG - UTRECHT A2
MAASTRICHTSEWEG
WAALSTRAAT
A2EINDHOVEN-UTRECHT
DIEZEBR
U
G
ZUID
W
ILLEMSVAART
ZUIDERPARKWEG
DR.POELSSTRAAT
ZUIDWAL
CITADELLAAN
4
GLADHEIDSBESTRIJDING 's-Hertogenbosch
Fietsstrooiroutes ZUIDOOST

12. Winter
Cycling
Measures
by
ci@es
and
regions
(3)

13. Suppor@ng
service
for
Winter
Cycling
Measures
by
ci@es
and
regions

14. What
people
say
about
their
bicycle
use
in
wintermonths
Online
survey
303
respondents
152
men
/
151
women
<18:
38
resp.
18-­‐24:
22
resp.
25-­‐54:
177
resp.
>55:
67
resp.

15. In
winter
I
cycle
48,5%
32,7%
5,0%
10,6%
3,3%
every
day
more
than
once
a
week
once
per
week
a
few
;mes
per
month
never

16. In
winter
I
cycle
!"!#$
%!"!#$
&!"!#$
'!"!#$
(!"!#$
)!"!#$
*!"!#$
+,+-.$/0.$ 12-+$34+5$256+$0$
7++8$
256+$0$7++8$ 0$9+7$:1+;$0$12534$ 5+,+-$
<+5$
=21+5$

17. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
every day more then
once a
week
once a
week
a few times
a month
never
In winter I cycle
< 12
jaar
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
every day more then
once a
week
once a
week
a few times
a month
never
In winter I cycle:
18-24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
every day more then
once a
week
once a
week
a few times
a month
never
In winter I cycle:
25-34
jaar
35-44
jaar
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
every day more than
once a week
once a week a few times
a month
never
In winter I cycle:
<18
18-­‐24
25-­‐55
+55

18. In
winter
I
cycle
!"#
$$"#
%%"#
&'()#*+,-#.-#*+)#'*+)(#&'-*+/# *+)#/,&)#,&'0-*#*+,-#.-#*+)#'*+)(#&'-*+/# 1)//#*+,-#.-#*+)#'*+)(#&'-*+/#

19. In
winter
I
cycle
!"!#$
%!"!#$
&!"!#$
'!"!#$
(!"!#$
)!"!#$
*!"!#$
+!"!#$
,-./$0123$43$01/$-01/.$
,-3015$
01/$52,/$2,-630$0123$43$
01/$-01/.$,-3015$
7/55$0123$43$01/$-01/.$
,-3015$
8/3$
9-,/3$

20. 0
5
10
15
20
25
More then in other
months
As much as in other
months
Less then in other
months
In winter I cycle:
< 12
jaar
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
more then in other
months
as much as in other
months
less as in other
months
In winter I cycle:
18-24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
more then in other
months
as much as in other
months
less then in other
months
In winter I cycle:
25-34
jaar
35-44
jaar
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
more then in other
months
as much as in other
months
less then in other
months
In winter I cycle:
55-64
jaar
<18
25-­‐55
18-­‐24
+55

21. Purpose
of
bike
trips
in
winter
• 4
grafieken
(per
leekijdsgroep)
knippen
en
plakken
!!"#$%
&'"#$%
((")$%
(*")$%
')"'$%
+(",$%
#'"!$%
-./001%2%345.6708%
.09
9
5:3%
-/0;;<8=%
><-<:%?69
<1@%2%?A<384-%
:0%=0%05:%
-;0A:-%684%13<-5A3%
0:/3A%

22. Purpose
of
bike
trips
in
winter
!"!#$
%!"!#$
&!"!#$
'!"!#$
(!"!#$
)!"!#$
*!"!#$
+!"!#$
,!"!#$
-./001$2$
345.6708$
.0995:3$ -/0;;<8=$ ><-<:$?69<1@$2$
?A<384-$
:0$=0$05:$ -;0A:-$684$
13<-5A3$
0:/3A$
B38$
C0938$

23. 0
10
20
30
40
school/
education
commute
shopping
visit
family/
friends
togoout
sports/
leisure
other
Purpose of bike trip in winter (multiple answers):
< 12 jaar
25-­‐55
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
school/
education
commute
shopping
visit
family/
friends
togoout
sports/
leisure
other
18-24 jaar
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
school/
education
commute
shopping
visit
family/
friends
togoout
sports/
leisure
other
25-34 jaar
35-44 jaar
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
school/
education
commute
shopping
visit
family/
friends
togoout
sports/
leisure
other
55-64 jaar
<
18
18
-­‐
24
25
-­‐
55
+
55

24. Opinions
on
cycling
in
wintermonths
• Preparing
the
bicycle
for
winter
• Dressing
for
winter
cycling
• Condi;ons
of
the
road
From:
www.bikearlington.com
!"#$%&'()*'+%,-.-/0%)-12333
!"#"$%&"$&'()&*+,#&#+)-$.'&(/0)&'+&1)&2"-)3/1,)4&5"'(&/&,"'',)&6,/$$"$%7&3"#"$%&"$&*+,#)3&')26-&*/$&1)&89"')&)$:+;/1,)4&
#(4'+%-)3
</;)3"$%&*,+'()-&"-&'()&=);&'+&*+2>+3'?&@'/3'&A"'(&/&1/-)&,/;)3&
'(/'&A"*=-&-A)/'7&'()$&/&2)#"92BA)"%('&,/;)3&C-9*(&/-&/&,"%('&
>,))*)D&/$#&>"$"-(&+>>&A"'(&/&A"$#63++>&:/*=)'4&E&,"%('&A"$#13)/=)3&
"-&%++#&>+3&')26-&$)/3&FG&#)%3))-7&19'&/&()/0")3&:/*=)'&*/$&1)&
9-)#&>+3&')26-&/3+9$#&>3))H"$%&/$#&1),+A4&
1+")'!)%)*'%'5)+'6-)-'23
I+93&(/$#-7&>))'&/$#&()/#&%)'&*+,#)3&2+3)&89"*=,;&'(/$&;+93&
*+3)&-+&2/=)&-93)&'+&/,A/;-&A)/3&%,+0)-7&'("*=&-+*=-&C-9*(&
/-&A++,D&+3&)0)$&-(+)&*+0)3-7&/-&A),,&/-&/&(/'&'(/'&>"'-&
9$#)3&;+93&(),2)'4&J-"$%&/&(),2)'&A"'(&,)--&0)$'",/'"+$&(),6-&
=))6&;+93&$+%%"$&'+/-';&'++4
,'%7#(2*43
K)*/9-)&'()&#/;-&/3)&-(+3')3&"$&'()&A"$')3&C/$#&-+2)'"2)-&
#9,,)3D7&"'.-&"26+3'/$'&'+&1)&0"-"1,)4&5)/3&13"%('&*,+'("$%&
C$)+$D&A"'(&3)>,)*'"0)&-'3"6-&/$#&/,A/;-&(/0)&,"%('-&+$&;+93&
1"=)&CA("')&>+3&'()&>3+$'&/$#&3)#&>+3&'()&3)/3D4
7()%)-+'23
5"#)3&'"3)-&A"'(&-+2)&'3)/#&/##&-'/1","';7&'3/*'"+$&/$#&*+$'3+,&+$&
A"$')3&-93>/*)-&'(/'&*/$&-+2)'"2)-&1)&A)'7&-$+A;&+3&)0)$&"*;4&
L)6)$#"$%&+$&;+93&A()),&-"H)7&/##"$%&'("*=)3&/$#&=$+11")3&'"3)-&
2/;&2/=)&A"$')3&3"#"$%&)/-")34&M/,=&'+&;+93&,+*/,&1"=)&-(+6&/1+9'&
'()&1)-'&'"3)&*(+"*)&>+3&;+93&3"#"$%&*+$#"'"+$-4
(!!'22"+-8'3
N)$#)3-&2/=)&/&(9%)&#">>)3)$*)&+$&A)'&#/;-&1)*/9-)&
'();&1,+*=&'()&3/"$&>3+2&-6,/-("$%&+$&;+93&-(+)-&/$#&
*,+'()-7&=))6"$%&;+9&$"*)&/$#&#3;4&M();.3)&"$)O6)$-"0)&;)'&
0)3;&)>>)*'"0)7&-+&'+'/,,;&A+3'(&'()&C-2/,,D&"$0)-'2)$'4
)+'($%#-0*)#43
P>&;+9&)$*+9$')3&-$+A&+3&"*)7&#+$.'&6/$"*?&@9##)$&13/="$%&
+3&-A)30"$%&*/$&*/9-)&;+9&'+&-,"#)4&K)&,"%('&+$&;+93&6)#/,&
-'3+=)-7&#),"*/')&+$&'()&13/=)-&/$#&3"#)&"$&/&-'3/"%('&,"$)&">&
6+--"1,)4&I+9&*/$&/,A/;-&#"-2+9$'&/$#&A/,=&'()&1"=)&">&"'&,++=-&
'++&#/$%)3+9-4
1#(/%(*'($3
M()&2+-'&"26+3'/$'&/#0"*)&>+3&3"#"$%&;+93&1"=)&"$&'()&A"$')3&
"-&'+&*()*=&'()&A)/'()3&>+3)*/-'&/()/#&+>&'"2)?&L+$.'&3"#)&
">&*+$#"'"+$-&/3)&6++3&C()/0;&-$+A&/$#&"*)D7&19'&#+$.'&1)&
/>3/"#&'+&3"#)&">&'()&1"=)&6/'(-&/$#&3+/#-&/3)&*,)/3&/$#&
')26-&/3)&/1+0)&>3))H"$%?
!"9'+%:13
<)%-&-(+9,#&1)&*+0)3)#&*+26,)'),;&"$&'()&*+,#7&19'&'("*=&
,/;)3-&/3)&$+'&9-9/,,;&$)*)--/3;4&5+3=+9'&6/$'-7&/'(,)'"*&
'"%('-7&:)/$-&/$#&-,/*=-&/3)&%)$)3/,,;&>"$)4&</;)3"$%&6/$'-&
"$&>3))H"$%&')26-&/,-+&(),6-?

25. Opinions
average
scores,
a
high
score
means
disagree
(max
=
5)
!"#$%
!"!#%
!"&$%
!"'$%
("()%
#"*&%
&"&&% &"+&% #"&&% #"+&% )"&&% )"+&% !"&&% !"+&% ("&&% ("+&% +"&&%
,-%./0%1230%45%3678809:%942;3"%./0%326<-=%549%1:1673.3%73%;4-0%
8948096:>%
,-%./0%1230%45%3-4?"%3-4?90@4A26%549%1:1673.3%73%;4-0%8948096:>%
,%/2A0%3801726%164./03%.4%97;0%7-%?7-.09>%
,%1/01B%@:%C71:160%:0296:%C05490%?7-.09>%
,-%?7-.09%,%D30%3801726%.:903%4-%@:%C71:160%
,%@2B0%3D90%./0%67=/<-=%45%@:%C71:160%?49B3>%

26. I
make
sure
the
ligh@ng
of
my
bicycle
works
“I
try
to
do
this,
but
unfortunately
I
some;mes
forget
it.”
“or
I
make
sure
I
have
loose
lamps.”
“otherwise
it
is
just
dangerous
and
stupid.”

27. In
winter,
I
use
special
tyres
on
my
bicycle
“I
think
I
do
not
replace
these
tyres.”
“
A
real
Dutch
person
even
bikes
on
wooden
tyres
;)”
“Does
that
exist?”
“Tyre
pressure
a
bit
lower
and
lowering
the
saddle
is
enough
up
to
now.”
“I
have
never
thought
about
this.
I
make
sure
there
is
enough
profile
on
the
tyres,
and
that
is
it.”
“oh
nooooo,
I
did
without
it
for
years,
why
should
I
now
suddenly…..”

28. I
check
my
bicycle
yearly
before
winter
“not
really,
only
when
condi;ons
are
very
slippery.”
“a
good
bike
does
not
need
this,
some;mes
a
repair.”
“Ha
Ha”
“Bicycles
(and
especially
e-­‐bikes)
suffer
from
winter
condi;ons.
That
is
why
I
plan
the
yearly
check
in
spring.
So
aker
winter!”
“one
check
aker
winter.”

29. I
have
special
clothes
to
ride
in
winter
“I
wear
warm
clothes
in
winter
but
nothing
special”
“I
ride
with
the
same
clothes
as
the
clothes
that
I
walk
outside
with.
So
no
extra
special
clothing
for
cycling.”
“Does
that
exist?”
“Scarf,
gloves
and
miAen”
“Well,
warm
clothes,
gloves
and
when
needed
a
hat”

30. In
the
case
of
snow,
snow
removal
for
cyclists
is
done
properly
“In
the
last
2
winters
I’ve
seen
several
situa;ons
of
cyclists
star;ng
to
either
walk
their
bikes
or
ride
with
car
traffic
because
of
the
snow
on
the
cycle
tracks.”
“Especially
at
the
borders
of
municipali;es
the
snow
is
not
being
removed.”
“Unfortunately
I
have
fallen
off
my
bike
several
;mes
because
I
could
not
see
the
curb
with
all
the
snow.”

31. In
the
case
of
slippery
roads,
sal@ng
for
cyclists
is
done
properly
“There
is
not
enough
sal;ng
near
schools.”
“I
think
this
is
not
needed,
just
always
pay
aAen;on
and
falling
on
your
face
some
;mes
is
just
part
of
it.”
“Roads
can
be
slippery
all
of
a
sudden.
You
have
to
stay
alert.”
“In
the
case
of
snow
I
always
take
the
bus,
because
cycling
is
too
dangerous.”
“In
my
municipality
there
has
been
an
improvement
over
the
last
years.”

32. Conclusions
• The
trend
that
ci;es
start
the
conversa;on
about
cycling
condi;ons
in
winter
is
a
good
thing.
We
should
look
into
it
in
more
detail
and
improve
it
further.
• Ci;es
and
regions
focus
on
road
condi;ons,
but
there
may
also
be
some
poten;al
in
broadening
the
image
of
what
cycling
can
be;
to
expand
the
exis;ng
posi;ve
image
of
cycling.

33. Thank you, let’s ride! a.vanderkloof@mobycon.nl
www.hipkaartje.nl