Responses to a cumulative of discussion questions that portray the influence of diversity and design within American life.

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
ARC 211 – American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017
Online Design Discussion Questions
Autumn Bender
https://www.togetherwerock.com/twr-
blog/2016/7/26/leadership-lessons-in-

2. Introduction
This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each
other and initiate a connection with participants in your group. In
responding to this discussion thread, please introduce yourself and
provide us with one interesting fact about yourself.
Hi! My name is Autumn Bender and I am a freshman currently
enrolled in the first year Architecture program. I grew up in a very
small town located in the Catskill Mountain range here in NY. Living
in a rural area has sprouted a love for the natural world around me.
You could say that I'm an adventure and travel extraordinaire as I love
road tripping to any possible location that includes a magnificent view
or famous landmark. Within my various adventures, I have
experienced united diversity as well as breathtaking design, which has
derived a great fascination for the life outside of mine. American
Diversity and Design has influenced greater understanding on the
essence of design that not only infiltrates throughout the natural
environment, but more specifically the human-built environment and
the differences of society. The significance of any human trait on the
way individuals think, make decisions, and essentially live, is
extremely compelling in effect to everyday behavior. The following
pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the
Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at
the University at Buffalo – State University of New York. Author: Autumn Bender
Nnnn

3. Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one
of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design
innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry,
he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies
great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an
innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in
the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were
any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and
patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to
transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social
and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make
decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to
rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
The first gasoline powered combustion engine was created in 1864 by Siegfried Marcus and then in
1885 Karl Friedrich Benz took that engine and created the first gasoline powered automobile. Over the
next century and a half, the automobile went from a three-wheeled, four-cycled engine, to acquiring up
to eighteen wheel commercial trucks as we know today. Automobiles have impacted the United States
by allowing any accessible individual to travel where they please. It increased social activity as people
were more available to attend social events, leading to greater nationwide interactions as well as
cultural diversity. Repercussions of the automobile became existent when people decided that driving
unsafe is acceptable. From being intoxicated behind the wheel, texting while driving, or simply bad
weather, many factors play into the role of 35,000 automobile deaths each year.http://wallpaper-gallery.net/wallpapers/vertical-wallpaper-hd.html

4. Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but
typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our
systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical
environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public
accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical
environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable
Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning
and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a
group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
When I was six years old, I was playing around outside when a large amount of dirt was thrown into my eye. I wasn't able to see for a short amount of time before I visited my eye
doctor. When I eventually was able to go, they told me that I would need glasses for the rest of my life due to the negative effect of the dirt. Glasses are just one design that
impacted people who have the disability of unclear vision. To me, vision was a necessary sense that allowed greater learning development, so the opportunity to correct this obstacle
with small glass lenses was amazing. Glasses have evolved to cover different preferences such as various frames, contacts, or sports goggles. This allows each individual in this
diversity group to have the chance of blurry sight freedom.
http://www.eddie-hernandez.com/photography.html

5. Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the
World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media
and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in
your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to
add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the
communication of the event?
I would place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into
Croteau and Hoynes' diagram as the media message or product. As Klein
discusses, the impact each of these powerful images have conveyed were
because of the messages that were being shown through them. The pictures
from the Vietnam war sparked protests because they arose a sense of
unease in the audience that was viewing them. The picture of Earth from
space sparked confidence and amazement because it arose a sense of
realization that this particular act of visiting space was now accessible.
Attached is an image that documents an important day in American history
that was taken in my lifetime. This photo of the Twin Towers right after the
planes crashed into them allows anyone who views it to experience and
relive the moment. It may bring back a specific memory to someone, it may
spark nationalism, or it may just be a photo of recognition. To each person,
this photo impacts them in some way, shape or form.http://wallpaper-gallery.net/wallpapers/vertical-wallpaper-hd.html

6. Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or
social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the
articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red
and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication
design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of
communication design, how are they similar? And how are they
different from one another?
Both hats are vehicles of communication design because they are used to
represent a greater cause or meaning. For instance, the red trucker hat in
Trump's campaign was used to promote not only his slogan to "Make
America Great Again" but also to promote his beliefs and propositions in
their entirety. When someone views this hat on another person or in a
store, they see the views that Trump is portraying through his campaign.
The pink hat was used to promote a cause for human's rights and more
specifically, women's rights. They both are a symbol for expression.
They both signify a different meaning that is evoked throughout a mass
group of people. The difference is that one is in complete opposition to
the other. The pink hat promotes rallies against trump such as the recent
women's march that took place in Washington D.C.
http://www.npr.org/2017/01/22/511048762/with-pussyhats-
at-womens-marches-headwear-sends-a-defiant-message

7. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by
Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass
production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and
integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be
completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made
more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s
production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes
remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about
production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you
think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Henry Ford not only changed America's working history with new concepts of the standardization and integration
of the production line, but he also changed society as a whole as opportunities became unlimited. Because the
manufacturing process adapted to the growing human built environment around it, it allowed for more production
to occur. As an effect, society was altered at the time as more jobs were created and the idea of "social life"
became valuable. The standards of living rose to acquire the impeding needs and wants of humans. We adjusted to
a contrasting era were products would now be built or constructed through this altered machine and production
environment. As this allowed for more assembly, the desires of the common life were becoming more opulent.
I believe the manufacturing processes will change extraordinarily within the next twenty years. Within the TED
Talk, Maurice Conti explains how "technology will be amplifying our cognitive abilities so we can imagine and
design things that were simply out of our reach as plain old unaugmented humans". We will finally be answering
questions and exploring concepts that keep invading the unsure present. I think manufacturing will definitely
become more earth and nature driven as the fabrication processes will gravitate to farms and as the constructed and
built environment will become grown. Humans we will not only be manufacturing for ourselves but for future
generations after that. We will be thinking more in tune with the realms of living rather than just surviving.
http://www.npr.org/2017/01/22/511048762/with-
pussyhats-at-womens-marches-headwear-sends-a-
defiant-message

8. Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle
concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael
Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an
example of any product that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design.
The Cradle-to-Cradle concept promotes the creation and manufacturing of goods that can
only integrate themselves within continuous material cycles. Whether it's the technical
cycle or the biological cycle, the materials would have considered to be borrowed, rather
than being used. One 2016 IDEA Gold Award products that seems to defy this Cradle-to-
Cradle concept is the HP OMEN. The HP OMEN is a computer or "notebook designed
for gamers who want the ultimate gaming experience." As this machine is made up of
various parts such as and Intel Core processor and customizable keyboard, it lacks any
substance or idea of being environmentally friendly. Cradle-to-Cradle promotes the
usage of renewable energy as well, and because the sun produces more energy each day
than the world has used ever, there would never be a shortage. The HP OMEN does not
have any sort of renewable energy usage to power the machine.
Contrasting to the HP OMEN, the Eco Golf Balls are one product that embraces the
concept behind Cradle-to-Cradle. The Eco Golf Balls are golf balls that are designed and
created out of wood rather than plastic so that when the normal golfer hits a few in the
water or tall grass, within three to six months the product will be generating minerals
within the earth. The golf balls also float on top of the water so one can always retrieve it
when necessary. This product was also approved by the United States Coast Guard as a
product that could be hit into the sea because of its biodegradable life.
https://www.eternityrose.com/for-him/gold-dipped-golf-ball-
tee-sets//playable-golf-ball-and-tee-set-24karat-gold-dipped

9. Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about
architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch
translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background
for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that
architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of
architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the
past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these
buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts
The Wainwright Building, built in 1891, changed history and the cultural context of the
time due to its poetic vertically. During that time, buildings weren't gloriously built into
the sky like high-rises do today. They has robust sections built upon each other with no
real relationship between each layer. One example that shows how architecture wasn't
growing was the Bennett Building in New York. Here, layers are built upon each other to
create the rise of structure, however they don't lyrically join. The Wainwright Building
challenged that proposal by incorporating steel frames instead of brick slabs and
emphasizing the vertical planes rather than horizontal. What are other ways the
Wainwright Building influenced American life other than its physicality?
Aqua, a residential high-rise in Chicago, reflects its cultural context through the design of
communication. Here, architect Jeanne Gang intentionally wanted a place for young dream
seekers to experience natural communication, connection, and network through design and
architecture. To create this sense of acquaintance, she designed Aqua, an apartment
building that incorporates varying balconies to allow relationships to occur between
neighbors. The balcony represents that of a wave to generate different perspectives on
each floor. In this case, one may be able to view up, down, or across to his or her next-
door resident. What are some other ways architecture design can promote relationships?http://opticalmindtwisters.blogspot.com

10. Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that
seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s
and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do
they differ?
Andrew Ballantyne, author of "Architecture, Life, and Habitat" and Peter Zumthor,
author of "Thinking Architecture" compare and contrast ideas on architecture that
value the sensorial and material elements of life. Regarding Ballantyne's thoughts, he
discusses how the human body is actually directly connected to the built environment
through individual experiences one has. These experiences allow organic senses to
connect to the inorganic properties of the structure and conceive connection and awe
through the way the building receives the body. Zumthor, both in comparison and
contrast, states that the body is connected to structure through experiences as well,
however one becomes associated with this property through the sight it reveals. Not
only do the materials and design impact the sight one will see, but the environment
and landscape signifies the experience as well. Both the organic and inorganic
properties of the structure influence the body here. For example,
Ballantyne describes that if we appreciate only by eye, and not by senses or habitat,
we won't acknowledge certain values. However, Zumthor states that poetic materials
are what generate meaningful situations. Either way, the human body is affiliated to
structures through vast experiences. Besides the sensorial and material elements of
life, what are other ways the human body is connected to architecture?
https://www.pinterest.com/explore/eye-photography/

11. Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which
planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller
towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning
define the character of the place in which you grew up?
Since 2013, over one point one billion gallons of water is being used in New York
City each day. Water used for the faucet in every cramped bathroom sink, water used as a
satisfying refreshment in any given café, or just water used in the making of this concrete
jungle. A little more than one billion gallons of water to run a place familiarly considered
as the Capital of the World. But where does this water come from? Well, nineteen small
up-state towns house protected reservoirs which create an integrated water system such
that when one reservoir becomes too full, the overflow will then flow down stream into
the next reservoir closer to New York, until it gets to the destination itself. The town I
grew up in is called Grahamsville and it's one of those small rural towns that
accumulated around the water supply system. I guess you could say that this town was
traditional because there was hardly any cell service and had laws that prohibited any local
store to sell alcohol. What keeps this community together is that there is a distinct public
interest in what happens on the land. An interconnectedness that establishes a sense of
pride that even the most minuscule town can serve as an important source within the state
and that, ultimately, the land-use decisions will create a character of its own to establish
necessary experiences. This interconnectedness stretches from meaning and theory to
purpose. A sense of purpose where one town becomes interconnected to a larger town in
junction to their dependency for succession. Here we are planned to adapt to the natural
environment around us as the need for pure water is essential. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/black-and-white-lake-
reflection-heikki-salmi.html

12. Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design
That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In
Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City
officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding
Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What
would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the
project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
There are many different cases to be argued about what was the leading factor to cause Pruitt Igoe to fail. Whether it
was the people living within the housing community, the people hired to keep the buildings in proper order, or people
making the official decisions on how the whole complex runs, multiple people are to blame. Three strategies that could
possible create a very successful rebirth of Pruitt Igoepertain to each category of people. A vision to promote diversity,
which generates off of the people living within the housing community, would hinder the segregation and
separation between each race. Also, this would create a communal place where each person can connect and relate to
diverse cultures. To incorporate the housing complex more fluently within the city to obstruct a feeling of isolation is
also key. Many subjects of the original Pruitt Igoe state that the separation of the land from the city created a breeding
ground for seclusion. Instead of being cut out of connection, the people who make the official decisions on how the
whole complex runs would decide on a poetic architecture to transition from social life to home life. And finally, to
provide much greater maintenance and cleaning for the housing. To allow families to stay in a place that they don't
have to question the sanitation or the health risks of just living. This is credited to the people hired to keep the
buildings in proper order and I'm not sure what action needs to be taken to allow this to happen, but it's truly a
necessity. I believe Emily Talen would support the idea of promoting diversity as she already wrote a book called
"Design That Enables Diversity: The Complications of a Planning Ideal" in which she describes that "human
settlements...should be socially and economically diverse" (Talen, 1). As for incorporating the complex more smoothly
within the city, I believe Larson would create a structure that sparked relationships and easier living. And for me, I
would revise Pruitt Igoe with proper maintenance so everyone can have a place to call home at the end of the night.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruitt–Igoe

13. Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in
Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best
planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United
States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would
Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
Olmsted's statement of Buffalo being the "best planned city" is generated off of
the connectivity between people, structure, and environment. Here, there is no
distinction between these three elements as they were designed to intertwine.
The radiated streets from Center Square provide routes to every angle around the
city which creates a compound relationship in that every street is derived from
the center. The many parks around Buffalo are thought to be far apart in distance
but in fact never separate as each are designed to connect through parkways,
sidewalks, and extended natural planes. The people, which travel around,
between, and through this city, are impacted by both the environment and urban
planning in a combined sense. There is no border that distinguishes where one
park starts and ends, where one street runs into the next. There is only a direct
relationship between each as they all are the body of Buffalo. Of course Buffalo
today is not the same as the Buffalo Olmsted designed in his plan in 1876. Some
parkways have turned into thruways and some natural land has turned into man
made. However, I believe Olmsted would agree that the idea of connection still
exists. The infiltration of streets into greenery can be seen and experienced as
one drives from downtown to rural suburbs. The relationship between people,
environment, and structure is still present because the planning and design
Olmsted created allowed each element to be dependent on each other.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/54817320442297479/

14. Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that
you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will
you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be?
My town is built around a huge reservoir that provides water to New York city. The cleanliness of this area is very important due to the fact that thousands of gallons are being
used as drinking water each day. My town even has a distinct police force, called the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to ensure the
preservation of the land is second to none. That being said, there is a lot of natural public areas such as parks and pull offs instead of industrial structures or buildings. In one
park, a hydropower plant captures the energy of water to convert it into electricity which then gets used around the town. If I were to memorialize a specific place within my
hometown it would be this plant. I think this site is extremely important to the history of the area as it serves a powerful role in generating the community. It also serves as a
valuable part of the reservoir which ties to the act of providing a necessity to millions of people. Hydropower plants aren't very common around the state so to create this site as a
memorial would allow community members to appreciate the uniqueness of the area. In designing a new landscape intervention, I would consider the life ways aspect of Hood's
'triad of investigations' to allow people to come together and socialize while also learning about the importance of this site. I imagine there would be a vast open area of plush
green grass which embodies the edge of the plant while an arranged grouping of trees provides for picnicking and leisure. There would be an area which includes many benches
as well as a small pavilion that incorporates different exhibits on the history of the area.
http://www.statisticbrain.com/hydropower-
statistics/

15. Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that
explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the
Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some
consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has
been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a
very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition
(Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her
social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic
that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your
response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that
needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine
that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at
the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How
might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these
differences?
On August 28, 1963 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. addressed the entire world on the racial issues that
governed our country. I am primarily focused on the audience, and more specifically the reactions
of the audience, to interpret this photo. If you look closely, each and every individual within the
crowd has a look of wonder on their face which further depicts their astonishment that this one
figure can ultimately change their position within society. The meaning behind this wonder is
quite important in that it defines how America was at a time of separation between their people
when finally someone stood up for the greater good and took action over their own rights. In the
eyes of someone who has a different perspective on race and cultural aspects, say an African
American within America, they probably wouldn't interpret the image in a way completely
different than my own. However, they may feel more subjected to the image because of their
relation to the issues being addressed. They may interpret the image with various emotions
different than my own because of the connection through this issue. tp://www.nbcnews.com/slideshow/martin-luther-king-jr-n707546

16. Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African
American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design
principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique
rather than all of them.)
The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial can be analyzed through several of
equityXdesign's core beliefs and design principals. Starting with belief one, the idea
that we cannot understand an element in its entirety until we fully observe the
historical context of the element, the place in which the element will be, and the
community in which the element will reside with, the MLK Memorial uses historical
context to shape its purpose. Designed to stand on an imaginary axis between the
Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the MLK Memorial was created
so that it stands in line with the interpretation that Lincoln's sacrifice paved the way
for King's as they both gave their lives, and further down, Jefferson who challenged
the thoughts of Lincoln and King as he did not respond to the slavery issue as both
others did. The MLK Memorial can also be analyzed through belief two which states
that communities should be tied through the relationships created with diverse
stakeholders. Meaning, that the base to each environment is the connection between
each race, role, gender, and socioeconomic status. Designed within the MLK
Memorial is a small shrine which denotes power to the many powerful "volunteers
that made the Civil Rights movement a success" (26-27). These plaques range from
Rosa Parks, to Bayard Rustin, to empty spaces which allow for future contributors.
Although each person is different in their own individual way, they all are recognized
through the relationship they created to promote this specific type of community.http://www.breakingnews.com/topic/martin-luther-king-
jr-memorial-washington-dc-us/

17. Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that
you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this
place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of
your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your
own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape
architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interpets the culture and material of
underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any
evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe
evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this
cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
Architecture in Ireland dates back to the Stone Age as many still standing structures emphasize the density
and design of stone facade. Stone was a common material used to create buildings as it proved to be very
structural through the collaboration of cement and the placement of each piece on top of the next to create
a stacking formation. Within my home, my parents created stonework around the fireplace in my living
room that reflects the ideas portrayed through the Irish architecture as stone is cemented to the wall to
provide both a genuine look and secondary insulation. The stone work represents the background through
which my family originated. I intent to continue the establishment of stone into my future home because of
the purpose it serves structurally and the sentimental value of keeping a tradition ongoing.
Within the community I live, there is a street that contains many extraordinary restaurants including one
that is Mexican. Recently, this particular restaurant moved locations where it now had larger space around
the building to promote its business. The owners starting putting up huge colorful artwork, stringing lights,
and playing music outside the restaurant that embellished the core of their culture. Because of this action,
many more people have gone to "experience" the place and culture other than just enjoy the food. This
cultural influence has impacted and been acknowledged by the community through the way it opened its
doors and allowed the richness of the values to be explored and infiltrated into the area.
https://www.pinterest.com/tkmattson/rustic-bedrooms/

18. Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The
Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger
controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the
name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern
dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the
nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic
references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)?
Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue?
I believe that sports team branding designers should be able to use
ethnic references such as the the Boston Braves and Cleveland Indians
because of the true meaning behind those names. The Native American
Indian names are a representation of honor and respect because of the
influence and importance they had on the country in which we live. I
respect the controversy over whether or not the implementing of these
names for teams is valuable because I understand that formal conduct
on Indians and other ethnicities was inhumane but I also believe that
we cannot change the past and that we should now be honoring these
groups of individuals as they should have been all along. Sports teams
are a huge entertainment and life style within this country and to be
taking name of another group is quite distinguishing to me. Sports
teams are also using these names because of the power behind the title
rather than the issues that we created with them.
http://giovannisavinophotography.com/blog/2010/12/to-be-old/

19. Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi
Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea,
and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual
advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the
source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the
approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this
example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved?
This image portraying gender discrimination can be analyzed through the
approach of stories in data. Stories in data goes beyond the measure of
representation to include shortcuts and perspectives that increase the viewer's
understanding of the idea, whether it's through text or other information. Within
the specific image, a search bar is shown with requests of downgrading women
through already imputed statements. These statements go beyond the measure of
representing gender issues or the approach of getting the idea because of the
interaction the messages convey within our society and language. The last
statement under the search results define the main issue at hand, the conflict of
gender inequality within this society. I believe that the approach is very effective
within this image because of the clear message that's being portrayed through the
projected information. There's no indication of an alternate meaning as a sole
picture could thoroughly represent. This image could be also improved by
including other depictions of women to justify that women of all characteristics
are subject to this issue rather than one specific race, ethnicity, or religion.
http://osocio.org/message/the-shocking-answers-from-googles-autocomplete-
feature-on-sexism/

20. Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local
LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded
with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash.
McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the
proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political
correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina
General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on
nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender
written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full
credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a
designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma?
Individuals should not have to use the bathroom that corresponds with the gender on their birth
certificate, but rather the gender that they truly identify with. This issue has recently brought up
conflict within our society because of certain laws and bills passed, such as the one by Governor Pat
McCrory, that rejects the values and freedoms of certain people within the country. The reason
individuals should only use the bathroom that corresponds to the gender that they identify with is
because every person should be able to function in a manner consistent to how they live the rest of
their daily lives, which is partly based off of gender identity. If someone identifies as a women, they
will live their life as a women and proceed to work as a woman. Restricting people to using
bathrooms that aren't associated with their gender creates a message of fear that who they are cannot
be truly accepted and segregates them to living as someone they are not. Arguing the other side,
some individuals may be hesitant to accept this belief because of the health and safety measures that
correspond with this action. The possibility of personal violation could potentially occur by allowing
an "alternate" identity within the room. As a designer, I would create a unisex bathroom in a larger
format. Instead of making it one large room, I would design the space to include a section for both
normal toilets and a section for urinals. That way there is no right or wrong place to be.
https://www.pinterest.com/amykirky27/trans-identity/

21. Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4)
prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you've photographed and why
it might discriminate against a specific population. List the location of where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two pictures.
Disciplinary architecture is just one way society is divided into groups. Throughout Buffalo itself, there are many places that reflect the five types of disciplinary architecture that
Steven Flusty describes as spatial injustice. Slippery is a space that can be seen from normal ground, but cannot be easily accessed by the public. One place in Buffalo that portrays
this specific area is the historical site of Silo city. Buffalo is most well known for the grain production it cultivated beginning in the first half of the twentieth century and is home
to a multitude of extraordinary grain elevators each made with a specific purpose or use. This area is not currently running the way it used to, in fact only one elevator is still
producing, but because the placement of this site is so secluded it reflects through the idea of a place not being easy to access, but being easy to view. The silos are constructed in
one general area that can only be reached through a small dirt road that's relatively difficult to find and there are not signs that invite the public to this site, even though it's
historical. This place would discriminate against any group that isn't affiliated to the area as it can only be experienced by people who have a purpose to the site or know how to
get there. The purpose of setting these structures by them self is to hinder the influence of everyday people within the act of production in which it created.
Crusty is an alternate area that is also easy to spot and would be easy to access, as well, if it didn't have any type of guard or fence in the way. A place called the Bilingual Lingual
center in Downtown Buffalo is a private center that teaches the public different languages. Although it "welcomes all individuals" within it's walls as stated within the welcoming
sign, it contains a small playground that is gated off to only allow people within the place to experience its usage. The playground is a byproduct of the disciplinary architecture of
crusty as it only allows the people associated within the building into it and discriminates against those who are not.
https://luminous-landscape.com/silo-city-comfort-zone/

22. Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger
King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban
designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with
situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will
your team take to address this difficult problem?
Recently I witnessed a small video of a few students producing one of those "tiny homes" that have become extremely popular within the last few years because of the few
materials needed and the amazing space it provided. To help Tammy Crabtree and others like her stuck within the poverty level, I would create a place where a multitude of these
low cost buildings can be constructed with the purpose of having them close to civilization and in a general area the hinders the probability of trashing the land. Shown within the
video, Tammy Crabtree has garbage and trash all around her house because they don't have any place to put it. The purpose of these mini homes is that it can only house as much
as it can fit and because Tammy said she "doesn't need much" the space provided would create a perfect area for the necessities that she and her family needs with the act of
limiting the influence of waste. I would also create a garbage disposal system that can be used when necessary. Tammy also struggles due to the lack of transportation she has at
hand and could potentially find a better job if she had access to or lived closer to an offering. I would influence the act of public transportation, whatever is most beneficial
within that particular area, to allow the people who don't have these opportunities to see them. One last approach I would take would be to place a community center or a
building that contains food drives, clothing drop offs, and other useful systems that can aid others as best as possible, close to or next to this area to allow the people to access the
center on demand.
https://alistairfarrugia.wordpress.com

23. Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not
Equal
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the
project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration for the older
people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
One of the first things that the article talks about is how the people of lower
incomes and the people of higher ages were being excluded from the plans. Their
optimism about the redevelopment turned into pessimism because they were
losing their community connections and being confined together in a brand new
area. The phasing wasn't inclusive, it was exclusive and segregational. The
phasing took people away from their homes in which they had built new lives
elsewhere and didn't want to return to Regent Park. For those that did, their
community ties were broken, and gardening, the one thing that had been
beneficial for the community and strengthened it, was limited to certain
designated areas, in which the tenants had to bid on lots. There are many ways in
which they could ensure more social integration for the older people. The first
action would be to listen to the concerns of the tenants. The redevelopment team
needed to listen to their concerns with what was wrong with the community, but
also listen to what they believed the strengths were. This would have allowed for
them to fix what was damaged, but preserve what was not. They also could have
ensured that the buyers of the new development were first time home owners.
This would have made the spaces more available to those who needed it, and
prevent the upper class from buying the houses at a cheap rate only to resell or
rent them at a ridiculous price to the elderly or poor that couldn't afford it.
https://www.depaul.edu/about/campuse
s/Pages/lincoln-park.aspx

24. Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever
before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is
quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies
and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life spans?
Reflecting through Juan Enriquez' Life Two civilization and the idea that the human body will continue to expand the average life span, I think societies and built
environments will have to adapt through many aspects to fulfill the necessities and survival of the human race. Extended life will effect our societies through the
relationships we develop with one another. Individuals will most likely not be married to the same person a majority of their life as it has been expected to within
past cultures and may develop to have multiple relationships throughout their whole life. Just like the Industrial revolution paved a new era in history through the
transformation in manufacturing to adapt to the growing population of the U.S., a new era is soon going to occur in which design will have to alter to adapt to the
increasing lifetime. Design will have to develop new ways in which structures and technology can last its true value for an extended amount of time. Designers
might face issues of material quality and strength as the world gravitates to being dependent on natural elements to fulfill our goals of creating a healthier
environment and place where we will live eternally. The pressure to create more abstractions and diverse forms might hinder due to the altered focus of purpose
in the world. We won't be designing to help our world be more advanced within production or civilization, but rather we will be designing to fulfill the
obligations of a human lifespan.
http://www.tophomedesigns.com/50-awesome-
walk-shower-design-ideas/

25. Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models.
The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled
individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that
disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are
not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society
can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the
responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED
Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the
medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of
Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered
design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw
positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post
photographs that show both a positive and a negative example of the principle. Then address the
following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various people? Describe the
specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss
ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
The universal design principles I chose to discuss about are size and space for approach and use. These
differences can take the empowerment from people because in a small bathroom, a large person or a
person in a wheelchair would have problems using it, and too have these issues resolved would be an act
of empowerment for people like this. What makes the positive feature positive is the fact that it is so big
that it can accommodate all varieties of people comfortability, even though the image is a bit of a
hyperbole. The only way I can see the positive example being further improved would be by
incorporating railing throughout so that elderly would have an easier time going through it.
http://www.tophomedesigns.com/50-awesome-walk-shower-design-
ideas/

26. Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to choose poses some ethical questions. Of
course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more collective situation, we need to consider how the consequences of majority choices
for children might change who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human enhancement” has become almost a way
of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to
move humans beyond their current abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the concept
of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are some of
the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these
technologies pose?
When speaking upon the topic of emerging enhancement technologies it is clear to see that humans as a species have always been interested in changing things via
science. From supposed human experiments done during World War Two, to the genetic alterations we've done to crops like wheat and bananas, it's pretty apparent that as a
species there is some interest. However, I can see this having both positive and negative consequences. On the side of positivity, it leads to a world where we can say goodbye
to diseases and illnesses that are past down genetically, as well as potentially bring the human race to a whole new level. On the flip side, some negative consequences I can see
happening are the increase in the wealth gap because of the wealthy most likely having the most access to the technology making it unfair for people who can't afford it.
Another negative consequence I could see arising is that people would use this to have their kids match the current standards society has at that time, causing people to all look
similar and leave the world lacking the beauty of our differences. When discussing about ethical quandaries however, I believe all focus would be on the consequences because
it goes against the views of about every established religion.
https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-dna-helix-isolated-white-background-image30814356

27. Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director
Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The
case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution.
After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969,
Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a
superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no
longer at issue, so many years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional
Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers,
product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers,
and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their
work?
Regarding the personal privacy of each patient at Bridgewater State Hospital, I believe that,
morally, Wiseman should not have been allowed to film the residents because of the incapability to make
rational decisions on the publicity of their everyday experiences, actions, and overall life. Some of these
patients may not have agreed to the idea of creating a documentary off of their hospitalization and therefore the
filming of them counteracts their rights of privacy. However, legally the institution has guardianship over these
individuals so it ultimately has the final decision to this issue. Although I believe the film disregards the rights
as an American citizen, I think it would benefit society through the exposure it creates for the institution. The
film shows forth the vile environment of this particular state hospital through the design of the building, the
process of recovery, and the assistance of the appointed staff. The design of the building is very bland and
unemotional as white brick wall meets uninterrupted white brick wall. The rooms or cells are empty despite
necessary appliances that assist each resident with survival. The process of living within this building and the
negative assistance of the staff also impacts the social environment of the building as it creates a place of
neglect rather than a place to consider home. This film unmasks the existence of life within this institution and
thus allows the vast array of designers to experience the world within. These designers can build and work off
of the elements that they may think are particularly wrong and design a place they consider appropriate.
https://forcechange.com/64167/condemn-las-vegas-mental-
hospital-for-dumping-patients/

28. https://sirgo.org/free-grass-clipart.html
Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities
as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive
contributions that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and
provided the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The
town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited
challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred
since then. How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the
home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative. What are some possible solutions that would allow the
residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”?
As a resident of the neighborhood, I would support this proposal because of the beneficial impact this home will have on the lives of the intellectually challenged adults. There's an
obvious reason that the town created this specific proposition. It knows its own community. If there is a designer who is looking for a more peaceful neighborhood because the
residents prefer the mere serenity of quiet, or even if they prefer the excitement of street sound, the home is put there because the environment is valuable to the desires of the
individuals. Regarding the new information of past actions pursued by three of the ten intended residents, I may change my opinion about the construction of the group home
because of the state of life I would be in. If I was in the path of raising children, I would want to settle in a community where the environment creates the best home for growth.
However, If I was in earlier stages where the opportunity of movement was easier, I would still follow through with the act of supporting. My decision to aid the progression of
this idea would be based off my position in life. Some possible solutions that would provide these residents with the same basic rights that parallels the vast array of other humans
is the implementation of them into other possible homes in alternative places or the creation of a new home in another community that will accept the lives of these ten adults.
https://pt.dreamstime.com/ilustração-stock-textura-da-grama-verde-no-fundo-branco-image54339617

29. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grahamsville_Historic_District
Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by
David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types)
have played major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of
worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne
Daniel writes “From their often active role in supporting people who live in
city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious
structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we
might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that
planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. Show a
photograph of this religious structure. What roles has this place served in
the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the
area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this
place of worship play in the future development of your city/town?
There is one main place of worship that serves a valuable role in the community and development of the city in which I grew up. The Grahamsville Reformed Church is a religious
structure that impacts the town of Neversink when it was first formed back in the nineteenth century. Predominate in the making of lumber, the building was first formed as a mill in
which the abundance of trees within the Catskill Mountain area provided for the few settlers that began creating the community. The lumber created within this specific mill
allowed various other structures to be formed and overall was the foundation to the growth of the town. The former mill influenced the design of the community to reflect the
aesthetic of wood as it was dominating in materials within the area. The role of wood within this area allowed advancement to happen rapidly through the creation of various
buildings that provided for families and businesses. The role of this building has changed over time within the community as it once was the main providing mill, and now is the
main place of worship. Once the town of Neversink became structural, the need for lumber decreased significantly resulting in the shift of purpose within the building. Not wanting
to abandon such an important structure within the area, a communal decision was made to convert the building into a Reformed Church. I think this religious structure will continue
to aid the development of my city within the future through its impact it has on the people, rather than the built environment. The church currently holds many food drives and
collects clothes for the individuals around the community who are in need. The impact of the church within the future will continue to aid the existence of its people.

30. Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of
understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the
process that transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of
study. We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues
that require input from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your
field needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of
your studies or professional life?
Completing almost my first year of architecture school at the University at Buffalo, I have experienced some basic issues that
architects face in the work field each and every day. When it comes to designing within this specific major, I realize that
creating a true relationship between the given site and intended structure is probably the biggest challenge within the design
process. However, that is one issue architects have faced throughout all eras of time. Within the modern age, I think architecture
is changing heavily to reflect the growing environment and the natural world we find all around ourselves as the force to create
a more sustainable environment is thriving. The issue within this field is designing past the "common box" that
we constantly see today, and gaining confidence to create more obstruct things that connect humans to the world around them.
The "common box" refers to the mass-produced structures that reflect any type of superficial elements such as Roman columns
or vast parapets that can be seen on Walmart's, or Taco Bell's. The architecture today is just a bunch of fake details covering up
a standard warehouse. To address this design issue, I plan on experimenting with ways architecture can reflect new ideas
through both the human-built and natural environment while still being applied through a common structure. Throughout my
educational studies here at the University at Buffalo, I intent to use my time reflecting this challenge so that by the time I reach
the professional level, I will be able to implement these ideas. I think that with the increasing variety of sustainable materials
produced today, the implementation of them within everyday use will become more common while the cost of the materials will
decrease as well. To fully address the problem architecture faces today, I think designers need to go back and reanalyze the
importance of natural world and create a greater relationship with that and the human.
http://www.graphicdesigns.co/modern-architecture/