Discovery systems couple a central index of metadata and content with a feature-rich discovery layer to help users find information. UCF's discovery service indexes over 690 million records from various sources and links users to full text over 80% of the time. Studies found it included relevant high-quality content for nursing and science papers. Embedding discovery into learning management systems reduces cognitive load for online students and simplifies accessing full text from courses. Discovery services also expose open access outputs by including them prominently.
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Discovery Systems: Connecting the 21st Century Academic User to Content
1. Discovery Systems
Connecting the 21st Century Academic User to
Content
II Seminario Bibliotecas Universitarias del siglo XXI,
Bogota, Columbia, 24 Mar 2015.
Athena Hoeppner
Electronic Resources Librarian
University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
Creating digital
collections
Integrated library
systems
Online Public
Access Catalogs
Metadata schema
Institutional
repositories
Access and
authentication
Link resolvers
Discovery services
Network and
internet
technologies
2. Three Discovery Projects
• Discovery for Advanced
Academic Users:
Bibliographic Study
• Embedding Discovery into
Learning Management
Systems
• Exposing Open Access and
Scholarly Output
3. Discovery System Overview
Resource Discovery systems
couple…
a pre-harvested central index
of metadata and content…
… with a richly featured
discovery layer.
4. What Goes Into The Central Index?
WSD/Vendor
Agreements
Publisher
Supplied
Library
Subscriptions
Free/
Open
Access
Library
Supplied
CENTRAL INDEX
arXiv
DOAJ
HathiTrust
MEDLINE
LexisNexis
Scopus
Gale
OneFile
MARC
IRs
DigitizedINSPEC
ISI
CINAHL
Cochrane
Springer
Wiley T&F
OUP
Elsevier
5. Discovery Layar Embebed on the Library Site
Books Articles Journals
GoSearch: Keywords, titles, authors…
Ask |Reserves | Hours | ILL | Your Account
Your University Library
6. Discovery Search Results Page
How venture capital works.
A u t h o r : C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e M o n i t o r
( 1 9 0 8 - C u r r e n t f i l e ) I S S N : 0 1 4 5 - 8 0 2 7
D a t e : 0 3 / 1 1 / 1 9 8 5 .
Search: Venture
YU Library | Ask |Reserves | ILL | Your Account
700,000 hits
Sort: RelevancyDates
1859 <- > 2011
Type
Article
Book
Electronic
…more
Subject
Finance
Genetics
Brothers
…more
Library
Main
A
The Venture cloning method.
Author: -Thadius S. Venture
ISBN: 01-0045-802 Date: 2008
B
Full Text
Super Science Library
QH 442 V7 2008 Due: Yesterday!!
Go
8. Three Discovery Projects
• Discovery for Advanced
Academic Users:
Bibliographic Study
• Embedding Discovery into
Learning Management
Systems
• Exposing Open Access and
Scholarly Output
9. Bibliometric Study: Graduate Nursing Papers
• Does UCF’s Discovery
service include sufficient
content of high enough
quality?
• Does it provide convenient
full text access?
• Does it surface relevant
items through common
search techniques?
10. NGR6813 Final Papers: Integrative Review
• 34 Final Papers
• Examined Methods
• Methods section describes
databases searched and terms
used.
• Consolidated and De-
duplicated References
• 520 unique items
11. Which Index Includes the Cited Items?
• Searched by item title in:
• MEDLINE
• CINAHL
• Google Scholar
• EBSCO Discovery Service
(OneSearch)
• Recorded:
• Was the item discovered in the
database/index?
• What is the database source of
the record?
• Source of full text
12. Indexes Searched by Students
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
1
Soc/Gov/Org
Dynamed
GoogleScholar
Ovid
OneSearch
Health Source
PubMed
Other
PsycInfo
ERIC
Medline
Cochrane
CINAHL
13. Cited Items Found per Index
520 Cited Items
Found Not Found
GoogleScholar 439 81
OneSearch 459 61
CINAHL 341 179
MEDLINE 370 150
439
81
459
61
341
179
370
150
14. Nursing: Database Supplying the Record to
EBSCO Discovery
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
EDS Record Source
CINAHL FT
MEDLINE
UCF Catalog
ReferenceSearch
Cochrane
Academic Search Premier
BiologicalAbstracts
HealthSource
PsycINFO
ScienceDirect
WoS
BritishLibrary
BusinessSourcePremier
Credo
FRANCIS
OIAster
OmniFile
PsycArticles
15. Full Content Option Showing in EDS
487, 94%
20,…
13, 2%
Full Text
No Full Text
Print Owned
16. Links to Full Text per Index
Full Text Available
GoogleScholar 410
OneSearch 429
CINAHL 329
MEDLINE 370
410
429
329
370
17. Bibliometrics Study II: Works Cited in
Published Articles 1968-2010
• Selected 10 papers by UCF
authors
• Exported of cited references
list from Web of Science
• 236 articles in the
consolidated list
• Is the article in OneSearch?
• What is the database source
of the record?
• Is there a full text link?
18. Articles and Full Text Discoverable in
OneSearch (EDS)
1
Articles with hits 224
Articles with Full Text 193
0
50
100
150
200
19. Database Source for Article Record in EDS
Total
JSTOR Journals 73
Science Citation Index 54
EDS 30
Business Source Premier 26
Academic OneFile 26
OAIster 17
arXiv 16
ScienceDirect 15
NoRecord 12
EconLit 8
Applied Science & Tech. FT 7
MEDLINE 5
Humanities & Social Sci. 1907-1984 4
Social Sciences Citation Index 3
FRANCIS 3
0 20 40 60 80
20. Full Text Options for First and Second Match
38%
47%
6%
3%
6% Hosted
SFX
arXiv
OAIster
Show options
21. Discoverable and Convenient Full Text
• 95% of the 236 articles
were found in OneSearch
• 87% connect to full text
• 82% connect to full text
with just 1 or 2 clicks
22. UCF’s Discovery Index Contents
• UCF has 129 Data Sources
turned on in EDS
• MARC loads for catalog
• Digitized collections loaded
• EDS basic index
• Hundreds of A/I indexes
• JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and
many more publishers
690,626,504 Records!
23. Bibliometrics Final Thoughts
• EBSCO Discovery includes
relevant, high quality content
that is a good match for UCF
researchers.
• More than 80% Discovery
records conveniently link to
full text for article items
selected by UCF researchers.
Do UCF users search it
effectively?
24. Discovery Features and Search Tools for Users
• Effective and easy Basic
Search
• Fielded Search
• Facets, Limitors, Refining
• End User Accounts and
Personalization
• Widgets, Recommenders,
and Additional services
25. Unused Discovery Functions
How venture capital works.
A u t h o r : C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e M o n i t o r
( 1 9 0 8 - C u r r e n t f i l e ) I S S N : 0 1 4 5 - 8 0 2 7
D a t e : 0 3 / 1 1 / 1 9 8 5 .
Search: Venture
YU Library | Ask |Reserves | ILL | Your Account
700,000 hits
Sort: RelevancyDates
1859 <- > 2011
Type
Article
Book
Electronic
…more
Subject
Finance
Genetics
Brothers
…more
Library
Main
A
The Venture cloning method.
Author: -Thadius S. Venture
ISBN: 01-0045-802 Date: 2008
B
Full Text
Super Science Library
QH 442 V7 2008 Due: Yesterday!!
Go
26. Relevancy Ranking
Typical Ranking Factors:
• Weighted fields (subject, abstract, etc.)
• Exact match of term with field
• Density of terms in a record
• Publication date/currency
• Document type
• Document length
• Locally owned (MARC load)
27. Three Discovery Projects
• Discovery for Advanced
Academic Users:
Bibliographic Study
• Embedding Discovery into
Learning Management
Systems
• Exposing Open Access and
Scholarly Output
28. UCF Students and Learning Online
• 38% of UCF Credit
Hours are taught fully
or partially online
• 75% of students enroll
in at least one online
course per year
29. A collaboration: Center for Distributed
Learning and Library
Online Courses Tool: Canvas UCF Libraries and OneSearch
Discovery Systems: Connecting
35. Made by UCF for Everyone
• Used over 2500
times by UCF
faculty
• Coded by Shea
Silverman at
UCF
• Uses EBSCO
Discovery API
• Is an LTI
(Learning Tools
Interoperability)
36. Achieving Oneness: Discovery Service and
Online Learning
• Reduces cognitive load
• Keeps students and faculty
in a familiar context
• Reduces need to search
multiple indexes
• Simplifies linking to full text
• Focus on learning, not on
searching
37. Three Discovery Projects
• Discovery for Advanced
Academic Users:
Bibliographic Study
• Embedding Discovery into
Learning Management
Systems
• Exposing Open Access and
Scholarly Output
38. Tools for Discovering Articles
• Journals List
• Discovery Service
• Indexes/Abstracts
• Catalog
• Google Scholar
39. Tools for Discovering Open Access Articles
• : • DOAJ
• OA journal publisher
sites
• Specialized listings and
directories
• OA advocacy an
awareness sites
40. Author Publishes in an Open Access Journal
Institutional Repository
Subject Repository
Open Access Journal
41. Open Access in the Central Index
WSD/Vendor
Agreements
Publisher
Supplied
Library
Subscriptions
Free/
Open
Access
Library
Supplied
CENTRAL INDEX
arXiv
DOAJ
IRs
Springer
Wiley
T&F Elsevier
42. User Looks for Articles
• Can I access this?
• Will it cost money?
• Do I have to log in?
• Can I share this with
non-student friends?
44. Making the OA Indicator: Exporting Link
Resolver Data
Link
Resolver
Knowledgebase
All Full Text
Holdings
Journals List
and Menus
Open Access
Journals and
Menu
OA Full Text
Holdings
Export
Files
45. Making the OA Indicator: Loading Link
Resolver Data into EDS
EBSCO Discovery
Layer
Link
Resolver
Knowledgebase
All Active
Full Text
Holdings
Journals
List and
Menus
Open
Access
Journals
List and
Menu
OA Full
Text
Holdings
EBSCO Admin
Local Collections
Custom Links
Custom Links
OA
All
FT
46. Open Access Only Versions of OneSearch and
Online Journals List
OneSearch Unlocked: Combining quality
indexing, superior relevancy ranking, and
open access.
Find Open Access content using the
OneSearch, UCF's implementation of EBSCO
Discovery Service.
Open and Free eJournals A-Z: The best open
content all in one convenient, searchable,
journal list.
47. Promoting OA for Authors and Users
• The OA Icon
• Raises awareness of OA in
general
• Demonstrates to authors
that their OA articles will
stand out
• Teaches students about OA
48. Discovery Services and Other Systems Working
Together
1. Discovery + Rich Subject
Indexes:
• Reduces need to search multiple
indexes
2. Discovery + Link Resolver:
• Simplifies access to full text
• Promotes use of Open Access
3. Discovery + Sistemas de
Gestión de Aprendizaje:
• Reduces cognitive load
• Promotes use of Library
subscriptions
49. Discovery Systems: Connecting the 21st Century Academic User to Content. II Seminario Bibliotecas Universitarias del siglo XXI, Bogota, Columbia, 24 Mar 2015.
Questions?
Athena Hoeppner
athena@ucf.edu
Electronic Resources
Librarian
University of Central Florida,
Orlando, USA
Notas do Editor
Hello.
I’m Athena Hoeppner, Electronic Resources Librarian for the University of Central Florida.
I’m flattered to be here as part of the 2nd Seminar of 21ts Century University Libraries.
I admit I am a bit intimidated by the topic selected for me by the seminar organizer: Digital Information Systems.
It’s a big topic!
It encompasses much more than could fit into an hour presentation, and much much more than I am qualified to speak about.
Yet, this is a topic that is central to my work as an Electronic Resources. My goal is to leverage technology to connect users to content. In my day-to-day work I maintain several key systems directly related to that goal.
Discovery services
Access and authentication
Link resolvers
They are fast becoming the norm in academic libraries and the dominant factor in how faculty and students experience the library. This will be the focus of my talk.
This very abbreviated definition covers what I consider to be the two main aspects of a full Discovery system
Pre-harvested central index
Richly featured discovery layer
The WSD vendors present them as a unified package, but many also sell them separately. You can mix and match.
Lets take a whirlwind look at the central index and discovery layer.
Lots of different data sources are harvested into the central index
Free indexes and Open Access and Full Text
Libraries often include their MARC and IR Data
Many publishers supply basic TOC data, abstracts, and simple subject keywords
Subscription databases supply in-depth metadata
BUT can be searched and/or viewed only if the WSD has a license to load the content and the library has a subscription to access the content - Mutually Licensed Content
The exact deals between WSD vendors and other vendors not uniform
Library can customize which databases to include
No two WSD implementation alike
Search box embedded on the library home page.
Possibly tabs or other ways to present search by type or source.
Discovery Layer:
At a minimum, the WSD Discovery Layer
Searches across the central index
Presents relevancy-ranked results list
Usually includes ILS Integration
There are 4 major offerings that match the definition I use, and one that offers a related service.
All these vendors offer modern, richly featured discovery interfaces, but just four have a large central index of pre-harvested metadata
Innovative has a discovery product that is a little different. They are not creating a web-scale central index. Instead they use web services to integrate results local library results and external indexes into a combined results set Encore Synergy partnered with EBSCO to offer EBSCO’s central index as one of the searched sources.
Each vendor puts their own spin on WSD. None started with a blank slate – the built upon existing business and strengths
WCL: Of course has WorldCat – the largest union catalog, ILL service, and cataloging expertise, and the FirstSearch interface
EDS: Existing relationships with journal publishers, strong collection of A/I and aggregator databases, hosted full text, EBSCOhost search interface
Summon: Serials Solutions, ProQuest search interface, ProQuest A/I and aggregator databases, hosted full text
Primo: Aleph ILS, OPAC search system
Encore: Innovative ILS, OPAC search system
My first study of our WSD content was inspired by UCF librarians who view it as a tool for early undergrads only.
They doubted that OneSearch could successfully serve the needs of grad students and faculty because:
It would not contain the level , the appropriate articles, with sufficient metadata and the search results would be significantly incomplete.
Searched Web of Science for Organization: University of Central Florida.
Arbitrarily selected papers published years 2013, 2010, 2000, 1990, and 1980 then analyzed to select 5 most highly cited, and 5 mid-ranged cited papers.
Exported all the articles from the works cited for the 10 selected papers.
Searchers do not use Discovery systems to the fullest
Relevancy is absolutely key, but only gets users so far
Static Relevancy criteria makes assumptions about which content is best – the assumptions may be wrong in any given situation
Can the interface become responsive and influence the user make better search choices? Or prompt the user to reveal which kind of relevancy criteria are most important for their search?
Users typically don’t use all those nice tools I just covered.
Users enter 1-3 search terms, then pick results from the first few screens.
Relevancy ranking controls which of the hits users will see and use.
Relevancy is extremely important and hard to pin down.
These criteria are basically static – they don’t base the criteria or weights on user behavior or results sets.
Anecdotally – ranking works pretty well but is not quite enough for the surfacing all the best results
Once published Open Access content becomes mostly indistinguishable from subscription content in library tools such as the discovery service and OpenURL resolver.
The catalog, discovery services, and Journals lists include OA, but don’t highlight it
Users may find and access OA without knowing it
On the open web must know to seek out OA in specialized directories or host sites
These sites lack in-depth indexing and only basic subject categorization
Lots of different data sources are harvested into the central index
Free indexes and Open Access and Full Text
Libraries often include their and IR Data
Many publishers supply basic TOC data, abstracts, and simple subject keywords